ROXAS, Sophia Marie D.

Q2A

October 2, 2021
RIZAL IN PENINSULAR SPAIN

 Rizal decided to leave the country not just to complete his medical studies in Europe.
 Hidden purposes for his voyage:
o to make a name for himself in the realm of journalism;
o to observe and study European society;
o and to prepare himself for the task of liberating the Filipinos from Spanish tyranny.

SECRET DEPARTURE

 May 1 1882-Rizal left Calamba and was able to reach Manila after ten hours of journey via a
carromata.
 No one among the family members of Rizal knew his departure for Spain, except Paciano,
Saturnina, his Tio Antonio and a few friends.
 His brother Paciano did everything to ensure that Rizal can leave the country secretly. He
secured Rizal a passport with the name Jose Mercado.
 Carromata – kalesa
 Rizal stayed in Manila for 2 days before his trip to Spain.
 Before leaving, he heard the mass at Santo Domingo Church in the Walled City and then
proceeded to Pasig to board the cruiser Salvadora, bound for Singapore.

ITINERARY TO SPAIN

 He felt very sad leaving his country and family.

19th CENTURY SINGAPORE

 Rizal boarded the ship Djemnah, which shall ferry him to France. The ship stops over at Point
Galle in Ceylon, Aden and Port Said at Suez Canal.
 June 11.1882 the steamer reach Naples. Rizal was impressed with Naples, an Italian city , for its
panoramic beauty, and lively people.
 June 12,1882-from Naples, the steamer sailed to France.
 It docks at the Harbor of Marseilles. Rizal was impressed by the courtesy of the customs police.
He was likewise, enchanted by its graceful and impressive buildings and the courtesy and
refined manners of the French men.
 Naples, Italy
 Marseilles
 Rizal took the train going to Barcelona.
 At first Rizal has a negative impression of the city and its people. Later, he came to like
Barcelona duet o the prevalence of freedom and liberalism in the city and the good qualities
demonstrated by it’s residents open heartedness; hospitality; and courage.

RIZAL IN BARCELONA

 Rizal was welcome by the Filipinos in Barcelona, most of who were his former classmates at
Ateneo Municipal. They had a welcome party at favorite coffee house at Plaza De Cataluna.
 Rizal had a walk around city to see the famous historical spots of Barcelona.
 While in Barcelona, Rizal took time writing to his family, relatives and friends in the Philippines.
 He did not forget one of his missions that of making a name for himself in the field of writing.
 Paciano believed that Rizal would be able to express his nationalistic and patriotic sentiment
which in effect can arouse the hostility and suspicion of the Spanish Regime. Rizal will be
transformed into a patriot, a novelist and a nationalist.

ELA AMOR PATRIO

 A nationalistic essay entitled meaning "Love of Country", his first article written in Spain.
 Rizal wrote this essay when he was still 21 yearsold, under the pseudonym Laonglaan
 It came out on Aug. 20,1882 in the Diariong Tagalog in Manila, for the first time he used the
term Tierra Extranjera (foreign Land) in referring to Spain.
 After El Amor Patrio, Rizal stopped producing nationalistic articles
o The opposition of his mother
o Difficulty of recognition in a foreign country
o Desire to finish his studies

RIZAL MOVES TO MADRID

 September 1882 - Rizal decided to move to the capital city of Spain to continue his studies.
 He enrolled in philosophy and letters and licentiate in medicine at the Universidad Central de
Madrid.
 He took lessons in painting and sculpture at the Academia de San Fernando. Lessons in fencing,
at the schools of Sanzan Carbonell; and lessons in English French and German in Madrid Ateneo.
 He even contemplated taking the examination in Roman law for possible enrollment in law
 June 5 to 26. He took the medical examination. Fortunately, he passed the examination. At the
same time, he passed the examination in Greek, Latin, and World history. Rizal was awarded the
degree of licentiate in medicine for passing the medical examination for the course.

RIZAL AND THE FILIPINO EXPATRIATES IN MADRID

 Despite of Rizal's hectic schedule, he found time to associate with Pedro Paterno, Graciano
Lopez Jaena, Gregorio Sanciano, Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo, Marcelo del Pilar and others.
 Rizal, Jaena and Del Pilar were closely associated and the trio were called the Triumvirate of the
Propaganda Movement.
 Rizal felt the effect of hardships in Calamba. The finances of Rizal's family turned bad to worse.
o Crop failures
o Drought, locusts
o Hike in rentals on the hacienda lands
 As a result, there were frequent delay in his monthly stipend from the Philippines. There were
many occasions where he attended classes on an empty stomach.

RIZAL'S AFFAIR WITH CONSUELO

 Don Pablo Ortega y Rey - the former city mayor of Manila during the time of Governor Carlos de
la Torre.
 Father of Pilar And Consuelo.
 Rizal was attracted to Consuelo due to her refined manners and enchanting smile. He gave
flowers occasionally, w/c Consuelo appreciated. Consuello fell in love with him. However, Rizal
suppressed his emotions since he was still engaged with Leonor Rivera. Besides, he did not want
to destroy his friendship with Eduardo de late, who was madly in love with Consuelo.
 Before leaving Madrid he composed a poem for Consuelo, w/c was entitled A la Seniorita C.O. y
R.

RIZAL'S TOAST TO LUNA AND HIDALGO

 Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo emerged winners in the 1884 Madrid Exposition. Luna was awarded
a gold medal for his painting, the Spolarium; while Hidalgo a silver medal for his entry, Christian
Virgins Exposed to the Populace.
 A banquet was tendered in honor of these two Filipino artist at the Caf? Ingles on June 25 ,1884,
with Rizal delivering the key note speech.
 The speech of salute Rizal delivered during the occasion came to be called Brindis.
 SPOLARIUM
 CHRISTIAN VIRGINS EXPOSED TO THE POPULACE

DONA TEODORA'S REACTIONS ONRIZAL'S SPEECH

 The delivery of Brindis reached the Philippines because of its full coverage by the Madrid Press
to the occasion.
 Nonetheless, Rizal was not cognizant of the consequence of his speech.
 Rizal's mother became ill, as his son become the talk of the town and the friars to Calamba.
 In her letter to Rizal she advises him to
o refrain from the articles that might offend friars and regime
o and that he should not fail in his duties as a Christian.
o not to continue pursuing further studies since she had that fear that it could cause him
death later

REASONS WHY RIZAL JOINED MASONRY

1. The abuses committed by the priers against the filipinos

2. The association with many masons

 Master mason in La Solidaridad - November 15, 1890

RIZAL'S RESPONSE TO HIS MOTHER

 He will still have enemies, even if he puts an end to writing articles considered anti-Spanish and
anti-friars;
 Life can't be without any sorrow;
 Misfortunes are welcomed when they can avert debasement and degradation
 A son can pay honor to his parents thru honesty and good name;
 Religion is the holiest of things but a person can only believe by reasoning; and
 Conscience can accept only what is compatible with reason.