Purposive Communication Chapter 2 Communication and Globalization
Purposive Communication Chapter 2 Communication and Globalization
Purposive Communication Chapter 2 Communication and Globalization
COMMUNICATION
The word COMMUNICATION is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or
group to another.
GLOBALIZATION
The word GLOBALIZATION is the spread of products, technology, information, and jobs
across national borders and cultures.
Interdependence of nations through free trade
Increases interactions between different regions and populations
One of the most powerful sources of change in the world
The late Herbert Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian media and communication theorist, coined the
term “Global Village” in the year 1964 to describe the phenomenon of the world's culture
shrinking and expanding at the same time due to persuasive technological advances that allow
instantaneous sharing of culture.
The word GLOBAL VILLAGE is about the world considered as a single community linked by
telecommunications.
DEFINITION OF CULTURE
The word CULTURE is the patterns of learned and shared behavior and beliefs of a particular
social, ethnic, or age group.
Complex whole of collective human beliefs.
Language, customs, values, norms, mores, rules, tools, technologies, products, organizations,
and institutions.
CULTURE IS…
Learned through active teaching, and passive habitus.
Shared meaning that it defines a group and meets common needs.
Patterned meaning that there is a recourse of similar ideas. Related cultural beliefs and practices
show up repeatedly in different areas of social life.
Adaptive which helps individuals meet needs across variable environments.
Symbolic which means that there are simple and arbitrary signs that represent something else,
something more.
Symbols
Language
Values
Beliefs
Norms
1. SYMBOLS
A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing
something abstract. Either physical or non-physical.
Example:
2. LANGUAGE
Used for communication
Written or spoken
When a culture uses the same basic language as another culture, differences in terminology and
inflection create new meanings.
3. VALUES
Acceptable behavior within the society
Different for each group to which a person belongs
Example:
Acceptable in the family group to eat certain foods that are not accepted within the religious
group a person chooses.
4. BELIEFS
Fulfill the spiritual needs of a culture
A whole culture can be based on one set of beliefs, yet a larger cultural group may have many
different sets of beliefs.
5. NORMS
Rules, mores and traditions within a culture
As a group develops laws and regulations, norms change.
Traditions are norms that a culture holds onto once the norms are no longer common.
Example:
Wearing certain clothing for a holiday is an example of a norm that has become a tradition.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
Learned
Shared
Based on Symbols
Integrated
Dynamic
1. CULTURE IS LEARNED
It is not biological; we do not inherit it.
We learn culture from families, peers, institutions, and media.
The process of learning culture is known as Enculturation.
2. CULTURE IS SHARED
Because we share culture with other members of our group, we are able to act in socially
appropriate ways as well as predict how others will act.
Despite the shared nature of culture, that doesn’t mean that culture is homogenous (the same).
4. CULTURE IS INTEGRATED
This is known as Holism, or the various parts of a culture being interconnected.
All aspects of a culture are related to one another and to truly understand a culture, one must learn
about all of its parts, not only a few.
5. CULTURE IS DYNAMIC
Cultures interact and change because most cultures are in contact with other cultures, they
exchange ideas and symbols.
All cultures change, otherwise, they would have problems adapting to changing environments.
It is an ongoing process where you experience new cultures, where you can learn new
development to yourself and find new ability that can make develop your confidence.
In the beginning, it will feel uncomfortable because of the new environment because they wear
different clothes, speak the different language, read their different language and do their different
lifestyle. In the first place you will experience culture shock and ignorance.
CULTURE SHOCK
A certain
person experience ignorance and feel unfamiliar way of life due to immigration because of the
new culture.
Honeymoon Phase
Negotiation Phase
Adjustment Phase
Reverse Culture Shock
1. HONEYMOON PHASE
Newly arrived and excited about the new surroundings. They are very positive about their
relocation and the newness of the place.
2. NEGOTIATION PHASE
You can experience homesickness, were you do the things that you are not familiar with.
Example: Taking transportation, language barrier where people will judge you, and day to day task
STEREOTYPE-It may help the ego of someone suffering from severe culture shock.
People who have good attitude can be successful in adapting the new culture and those people
who don’t have just leave the place earlier than expected.
3. ADJUSTMENT PHASE
6 to 12 months, people usually begin to grow because they know what to expect from their
surroundings. Doing the same thing every day become a routine.
Rejecters
Adopters
Cosmopolitans
REJECTERS
People try to separate themselves from others so the result is for them to return to their old homes
because that’s the only way they will feel the same harmony of the environment again.
ADOPTERS
Some people tend to embrace the new culture during that time they are losing their original
identity and decided to stay and live there forever.
COSMOPOLITANS
People manage to adapt the new culture positively while keeping their original identity were, they
create their own way of living.
4. BE PATIENT
Be patient with yourself and allow yourself to make mistakes and learn from them as you go
along.
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
The word CULTURE DIFFERENCES involves the integrated and maintained system of socially
acquired values, beliefs, and rules of conduct
Contributes to persons’ relationship with their external environment
Causes behavior and personality differences like body language, thinking, communication,
manners, norms, etc.
2. ORIENTATION TIME
Cultures with a Future Orientation have a strong tendency and willingness to imagine
future possibilities. Members set long-term goals, develop plans, and work hard and
persevere to achieve their ambitions. They delay gratification and display a strong
propensity to save and invest.
3. GENDER EGALITARIANISM
Biological constraints in childbearing have long dictated societal norms about the roles of
men and women in many societies. But outside childbearing, sex-role distinctions are
purely social constructions. Societies differ with respect to the extent to which they
define different social and emotional roles for males and females.
4. ASSERTIVENESS
Societies with low Gender Egalitarianism typically display high Assertiveness. These
societies value assertive, dominant, and ‘tough’ behavior in both genders. Strength is
admired. Aggression is viewed positively (for example, aggression is associated with
winning).
5. DOING vs. BEING
A Doing Orientation encourages self-assertion to master, direct, and change the natural
and social environment to achieve group or individual goals.
A Being Orientation stresses fitting into the world as it is. Members focus on appreciating
and understanding the world rather than trying to change, direct, or exploit it. Important
values include world peace, unity with nature, and protecting the environment.
KINDS OF RESPONSES
Avoiding
Accommodating
Forcing
Educating-Persuading
Negotiating-Compromising
Collaboration-Problem Solving
INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE
Ability to function effectively across cultures, to think and act appropriately, and to communicate
and work with people from different cultural backgrounds – at home or abroad.
1. ETHNOCENTRISM
We implicitly believe our way of doing things and seeing things is the right and only way.
2. STEREOTYPING
It’s also common to rely on oversimplified clichés about people from different cultures.
3. PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
To manage cross-cultural teams successfully, you need to flex your own style. It’s not easy to go
against your natural preferences. People can feel unauthentic and incompetent.
4. LANGUAGE BARRIERS
All groups have a common language, but when some people are more fluent than others, it creates
social distance between members.
5. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTANCE
In global virtual teams, people don’t get the chance to interact and build relationships with each
other as in a traditional office environment.
6. CONFLICTING CULTURAL VALUES
Culture is like an iceberg: what you see are the behaviors, and those are influenced by the
invisible values under the water line.
POSITIVE IMPACT
No Barriers
Strengthened Relations
Better Solutions
Online Schools
Impact On Relations
Development
NEGATIVE IMPACT