GNED 10
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY
AY. 2020-2021
GNED 10 | GENDER AND SOCIETY
MODULE 3: SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY, EXPRESSION, AND SEX
CHARACTERISTICS (SOGIESC)
SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY, EXPRESSION, AND SEX CHARACTERISTICS
PH – House Bill No. 4982 Protection Against Violence and Discrimination among
SOGIE
“An Act Prohibiting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation or Gender
Identity or Expression (SOGIE) and Providing Penalties Thereof”
Is not only intended for LGBTQ+ people but for each individual . It covers a spectrum
of sexuality and orientation for each human being.
WHAT IS SEX?
• Sex is biologically determined.
• It is “the physical structure of one’s reproductive organs that is used to assign
sex at birth.”
• To determine sex, one must assay the physical conditions: chromosomes,
external genitalia, internal genitalia, gonads, hormonal states and secondary sex
characteristics.
SEX CHARACTERISTICS
• Refers to a person’s inner and outer sex and reproductive characteristics such
as genitals, chromosomal and hormonal structure, and other characteristics
emerging from puberty.
1. Male
A person born with XY chromosomes and has male reproductive and sex
organs
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2. Female
A person with XX chromosomes and has female reproductive and sex organs
3. Intersex
A general term used for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with
a reproduction and sexual anatomy that doesn’t fit the definitions of male and
female
o An individual may be born with two genitals (usually one or both do not
fully developed). This biological condition is called INTERSEX.
o Intersex people are born with sex characteristics (including genitals,
gonads and chromosome patterns) that do not fit typical binary notions
of male or female bodies. Intersex is an umbrella term used to describe
a wide range of natural bodily variations. In Some cases, intersex traits
are visible at birth while in others, they are not apparent until puberty.
Some chromosomal intersex variations may not be physically apparent
to all.
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
• refers to each person’s capacity for profound emotional, affectional and sexual
attraction to, and intimate and sexual relations with individuals of a different
gender or the same gender or more than one gender
• It is the expression of desire/attraction is your SEXUAL ORIENTATION.
1. Homosexual
it refers to a person who is emotionally, physically, and sexually attracted
to those of the same sex/gender
2. Bisexual
it refers to a person who is emotionally, physically , and sexually attracted
to the same and/or opposite sex/ gender
3. Pansexual
it refers to a person who is emotionally, physically and sexually attracted
to anyone regardless of their sex or gender identity
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4. Asexual
it refers to a person who is not physically and sexually attracted to
anyone but has the same emotional needs as everybody
5. Heterosexual
it refers to a person who is emotionally, physically, and sexually attracted
to those of the opposite sex.
WHAT IS GENDER?
• socially constructed roles and relationships, personality traits, attitudes,
behaviors, values, relative power and influence that society ascribes to the two
sexes on a differential basis
• Social relations, including power relations, between women and men
• “gender roles and characteristics do not exist in isolation, but are defined in
relation to one another and through the relationships between women and men,
girls and boys”
• Gender definitions are learned, fluid and diverse. They are not permanent. They
can and do change over time. They also vary across cultures.
• Gender can be transformed towards equality and women’s empowerment
• Gender definitions maybe based on stereotypes
GENDER IDENTITY
• refers to each person’s deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender,
which may or may not correspond with the sex assigned at birth, including the
personal sense of the body (which may be involve, if freely chosen,
modification of bodily appearance or function by medical, surgical or other
means) and other expressions of gender including dress, speech and
mannerisms
• It refers to a person’s internal experiences and identification of gender, which
may or may not corresponds to the sex assigned at birth
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1. CISGENDER
• who identifies herself/himself as the sex they were born with,
• a person who was born with penis identifies himself as a man is a
(cisgender male), if a person was born with vagina and identifies herself
as a woman is a (cisgender female).
2. GENDER QUEER
• it refers to a person who does not identify themselves belong to
conventional binary categories (Male or Female)
However there people who identify themselves opposite to their sex-
assigned at birth. These are the Transgender People
o A TRANSGENDER (Transwomen, Transmen) are individuals
that identify themselves differently from the sex s/he was born
with. For example, a person who was born biologically as a
male (has a penis) and identifies himself as a female
(TRANSWOMAN), a person who was born biologically as a
female (has a vagina) and identifies herself as a male
(TRANSMAN).
o Gender Identity cannot be seen by others. Some go through
the process of transitioning.
o Gender Identity also includes personal feelings regarding the
body which can also, if freely chosen, involve the modification
of bodily appearance or functions through medical means (such
as hormone therapy), surgery and other means.
o A transgender who has undergone sex change surgery (or is
going to and is in process of physical change) in order to match
their gender identity is called a TRANSEXUAL.
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GENDER EXPRESSION
1. Masculine
A person who has qualities and characteristics which are traditionally
associated with men
2. Feminine
A person who has qualities and characteristic which are traditionally
associated with a woman
3. Gender Neutral
A person whose qualities and characteristics differ from those which
are traditionally associated with a man or a woman
4. Androgynous
A person whose qualities and characteristics are a combination of
those traditionally associated with a man and a woman
5. A Transgender will normally express herself/himself according to their
gender identity, not their biological sex. Hence it is more respectful and
acceptable to greet them based on their gender identity and expression
rather than their biological sex.
Sex and gender are two different concepts, the differences need to be distinguished
because misconceptions can lead to stereotypes and possible issues between men and
women. The way each person understands these concepts often dictates him/her and the
society as a whole, to expect men and women, boys and girls to fulfill specific roles that in
the end may deprive them of realizing their fullest potentials.
Regardless of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression EVERYONE has
inherent worth and dignity and fundamental human rights. As such, all should be treated
with RESPECT.
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