MATH 9 QUARTER 1 Week 6

Competencies:
The learner…

1. models real life situations using quadratic functions (M9AL – Ig – 2)

2. represents a quadratic function using: (a) table of values; (b) graph; and (c)
equation (M9AL – Ig – 3)

Expectations

This module was designed to help you master on how to model real-life situations using
quadratic functions and how to represent a quadratic function using table of values, graphs, and
equations.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Model real-life situations using quadratic functions;

2. Represent quadratic functions using table of values, graphs, and equations; and
3. Identify whether the given table of values, graphs, or equations represent quadratic
functions.

Pre-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the degree of a quadratic function?
A. 1st C. 3rd
B. 2nd D. 4th
2. What do you call the graph of a quadratic function?
A. straight line C. parabola
B. circle D. hyperbola
3. What are the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in the quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 3) − 10?
A. 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = 10 C. 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = 10
B. 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = −10 D. 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = −10
4. The length of a rectangle is (𝑥 + 8) 𝑐𝑚 and its width is (𝑥 + 1) 𝑐𝑚. Which of the following
quadratic functions represents the area of the rectangle?
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 8 C. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 9
B. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 8 D. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 9

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5. Which of the following is a quadratic function?
A. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 C. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1
B. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 D. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥
6. Which of the following table of values is an example of a quadratic function?

A. C.

B. D.

7. Which of the following is NOT a quadratic function?

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 C. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4
B. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 5) D. 𝑓(𝑥) = 7(2𝑥 − 3)
8. Which of the following is a graph of a quadratic function?

A. C.

B. D.
9. The table of values for any quadratic function shows that equal differences in x produces
equal __________ differences in y.
A. first C. third
B. second D. fourth
10. Given f(x) = (x + 2)2, which of the following is the value of its quadratic term?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Looking Back at your Lesson

From your previous lesson, you have learned about the first-degree function which is a linear
function. It can be written in the form of 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃. The graph of a linear function is a straight
line. It can be represented using: a) table of values; b) ordered pairs; c) graphs; d) equations; and
e) diagram. Your knowledge about these things will be helpful in discussing the next type of
function.

Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1: Modeling Real-Life Situations Using Quadratic Functions

A quadratic function is a function that can be described by the equation of the form 𝒚 =
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄, or 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 where, 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 are real numbers and 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎.

The following examples show how real-life situations can be modeled using quadratic
functions.

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Example 1. The length of a rectangle is (𝒙 + 𝟔) 𝒄𝒎 and its width is (𝒙 + 𝟒) 𝒄𝒎. Represent the area
of the rectangle using a quadratic function.

Solution: The area of a rectangle (A) is the product of its length and width.

Therefore, 𝐴 = 𝑙𝑤.

By substitution, 𝐴 = (𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 + 4) or 𝐴 = 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 24

Notice that the area of the rectangle is a function of its dimension.

Thus, the area of the rectangle can be represented using the quadratic function
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟒.

Example 2.
The sum of two numbers is 20 and their product is a maximum. Represent the product (P)
using a quadratic function.

Solution: Let 𝑥 be the first number

If the first number is 𝑥, then, the second number is (20 − 𝑥) since their sum is
20

The product (P) is equal to 𝑥(20 − 𝑥)

In symbols, 𝑃 = 𝑥(20 − 𝑥) = 20𝑥 − 𝑥 2

Therefore, the product can be represented by 𝑷(𝒙) = 𝟐𝟎𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 or 𝑷(𝒙) = −𝒙𝟐 +

𝟐𝟎𝒙

Example 3.
The difference of two numbers is 15. Represent the sum of their squares using a quadratic
function.

Solution: Let 𝑥 be the larger number

If the larger number is 𝑥, then the other number is (𝑥 − 15), since their
difference is 15 𝑥 − (𝑥 − 15) = 15

So the two numbers are 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥 − 15)

The sum of their squares when represented will be (𝑥)2 + (𝑥 − 15)2 , which is
equal to 𝑥 2 + (𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 225) = 2𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 225

Thus, the sum of the squares of the two numbers can be represented using the
quadratic function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐𝟓

Activity 1. GO AND FIND ME!

Answer the following.

A. The length of a rectangle is five more than twice its width.

1. If the width is represented by x, how will you represent the length?

2. What is the area of the rectangle?

3. Represent the area of the rectangle using 𝑓(𝑥).

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B. The difference of two numbers is 10.

1. If the larger number is x, express the other number using x.

2. What is the product of the two numbers?

3. Represent their product using 𝑓(𝑥).

Lesson 2: Representing Quadratic Functions

Quadratic functions may be represented using an equation, a table of values, and a graph.

A. Represent Quadratic Functions using an Equation

A quadratic function may be represented using an equation in the form of 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, or
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0. The highest power of the
independent variable x is 2. Thus, quadratic function is in the second degree.

The following are examples of Quadratic Functions

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 the degree is 2nd, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 4
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 − 3𝑥 2 the degree is 2nd, 𝑎 = −3, 𝑏 = 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 5
3. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 5) the equation is equal to 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5 when multiplied. The result is
in 2nd degree, and 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −4, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = −5. Therefore, the given expression is a quadratic
function

The following are not examples of Quadratic Functions

1. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 7 not a quadratic function because it is in the 1st degree
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 + 6𝑥
2 3 not a quadratic function because it is in the 3rd degree
3. 𝑦 = 2𝑥(𝑥 − 4) − 2𝑥 2 + 1 the equation is the same as 𝑦 = −8𝑥 + 1 when simplified;
thus the given expression is not a quadratic function because it is in the 1st degree.

Activity 2.1 QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS HUNT

Encircle the quadratic functions inside the box below.

𝑦 = −2𝑥 2 + 1 𝑓(𝑥) = 9 − 𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 𝑦 = 10𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 3

𝑓(𝑥) = 12 − 4𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 4 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5

𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 – 3𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 1 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 6) − 8

B. Represent Quadratic Functions using a Table of Values

Example 1. The table below represents the table of values for the quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 +
1. Observe the differences between the two adjacent x-values and the differences between the two
adjacent y-values.

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It shows that the differences in x are equal, but the differences in y are not. Let us try to get
the second differences in y and observe what happens.

Notice that the second differences in y are equal. Hence, for the quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +
2𝑥 + 1, the equal differences in x do not lead to equal first differences in y; instead the second
differences in y are equal.

Example 2. The table below represents the table of values for the quadratic function 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 4.
Observe the differences between the two adjacent x-values and the first and second differences
between the two adjacent y-values.

Notice that like in 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1, the table of values for 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 4, shows that equal
differences in x produced equal second differences in y, and this is applicable for all quadratic
functions.

Example 3. Determine whether the given table of values below represents a quadratic function or
not.

Solution: To determine, apply the same steps used in the first and second examples.

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Notice that the first differences in 𝑥 are equal and the first differences in 𝑦 are also equal.
Therefore, the given table of values does NOT represent a quadratic function.

C. Represent Quadratic Functions using a Graph

The graph of a quadratic function is called a parabola that opens upward or downward. If
the value of 𝑎 > 0, the parabola opens upward, and if the value of 𝑎 < 0, the parabola opens
downward.

Example 1. Example 1 is the graph of the quadratic function

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3. The value of a is 1, hence, the parabola
opens upward.

Example 2. Example 2 shows the graph of the quadratic function

𝑦 = −4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1. The value of a is -4, hence, the
parabola opens downward.

Example 3. The following graphs do not represent quadratic functions.

Activity 2.2 AM I OR AM I NOT?

Write the letter that corresponds to the graph of a quadratic function.

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A. B. C.

D. E.

Remember

❖ A quadratic function is a function that can be described by the equation of the form 𝒚 =
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄, or 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 where, 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 are real numbers and 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎.

❖ The quadratic function is in a 2nd degree.

❖ The table of values of a quadratic function shows that equal differences in x produced equal
second differences in y.
❖ The graph of a quadratic function is called a parabola.

Check your Understanding

Direction: Identify which of the following given are quadratic functions and which are not. Write QF
if it represents a quadratic function and NQF if it is not.
A. Equation
__________1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 − 2𝑥 2 ___________2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 8
__________3. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 8 ___________4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12

B. Table of values

__________5. __________6.
X -2 -1 0 1 2 5 6 7 8 9
X
-4 -1 2 5 8 2 3 4 5 6
Y Y

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__________7.

X -2 -1 0 1 2
Y 6 3 2 3 6

C. Graph

__________8. ___________9.

____________ 10.

Post test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the degree of a quadratic function?
A. 1st C. 3rd
B. 2nd D. 4th
2. What do you call the graph of a quadratic function?
A. straight line C. parabola
B. circle D. hyperbola
3. What are the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in the quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 3) − 10?
A. 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = 10 C. 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = 10
B. 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = −10 D. 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = −10
4. The length of a rectangle is (𝑥 + 8) 𝑐𝑚 and its width is (𝑥 + 1) 𝑐𝑚. Which of the following
quadratic functions represents the area of the rectangle?
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 8 C. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 9
B. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 8 D. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 9
5. Which of the following is a quadratic function?
A. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 C. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1
B. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 D. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥

6. Which of the following table of values is an example of a quadratic function?

A. C.

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B. D.

7. Which of the following is NOT a quadratic function?

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 C. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4
B. 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 5) D. 𝑓(𝑥) = 7(2𝑥 − 3)
8. Which of the following is a graph of a quadratic function?

A. C.

B. D.
9. The table of values for any quadratic function shows that equal differences in x produces
equal __________ differences in y.
A. first C. third
B. second D. fourth
10. Given f(x) = (x + 2)2, which of the following is the value of its quadratic term?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

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MATHEMATICS 9
Quarter 1 Week 6
ANSWER SHEET

Name: Math Teacher:

Section: Score:

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