Module 1 Purposive Communication

1.1 What is Language?

According to Linguists, the language will be called a language if there is a:

1. System of rules (grammar)

2. Sound System (phonology)
3. Vocabulary (lexicon)
Things to Remember:
 Speech Community is a group that sociolinguistics attempt to study or group of

people who share similar ideas, and norms of language.
 Language Acquisition is the process wherein people acquire the languages used
by those in the community.
 Language Learning is the process wherein people learn second languages by
studying formally in school or informally on their own.
 Language Contact is the process wherein people try to understand each other or
to communicate as one learns from each other's languages.
 Language Change is the process wherein individuals constantly interact and
communicate with each other.
1.2 Communication Perspectives: Communication Processes

Communication is generally defined as the exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and
views between or among two or more people, various contexts come into play.
Context is the circumstance or environment in which communication takes place.
Types of Communication according to:
 Mode
 Context
 Purpose and Style
Communication Model
According to Mortensen, communication model is a systematic representation of an
object or event in idealized and abstract form.
Why is it important to know the process of communication?
To help you understand how the process works and knowing the flow of communication
will make the communication effective.
Four Communication Models
1. Aristotle’s Communication Model
2. Laswell’s Model
3. Shannon – Weaver’s Communication Model
4. David Berlo's Model

Types of Communication According to Mode:
1. Verbal and Non-verbal Communication
VERBAL: is the use of sounds and words to express yourself, especially in contrast to
using gestures or mannerisms.
NON - VERBAL: is the transmission of messages or signals through a non-verbal
platform such as eye contact, facial expression, gestures, posture, and the distance
between two individuals.
2. Visual Communication
The conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be seen
Types of Communication according to Context:

1. Intrapersonal Communication - Latin prefix “intra" means within or inside. It is the act
of having an internal dialogue with yourself. The message consists of our thoughts, the
channel is our brain that processes what we are thinking of. The feedback is present in
the sense that we can talk to ourselves.
2. Interpersonal communication - Latin prefix "inter" means between among and

together. Happens mostly between two people. This type of communication occurs for
the following reasons: to solve a problem, to share information, and to fulfill social needs
3. Extended Communication - Involves the use of electronic media Includes tele, audio,
or phone conferencing; Video-conferencing; Skype calls; other technological means
4. Organizational Communication - The focus is on the role that communication plays in
organizational contexts. For an organization to be successful, a system of
communication should be put in place.
There are two types of Organizational Structure:
1. Formal - allows communication to take place via designated channels of
message flow between positions in the organization.
Four approaches:
Downward – Higher Level to Lower Level
Upward – Lower Level to Higher Level
Horizontal – Same level, Different Facilities
Crosswise – Different units and facilities same communication
2. Informal - Comes from unofficial channels of message flow. Also known as

“grapevine”, messages coming from the different levels of the organization are
transmitted. This occurs due to the dissatisfaction of some employees
accompanied by uncertainty, such as superiors playing regulations.
Intercultural Communication - It is the communication between or among people
having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds.
According to Purpose and Style:

1. Formal Communication - employs formal language delivered orally or in written
form. Moreover, it also refers to the interchange of information officially and the
flow of communication is controlled and is a deliberate effort. This makes it
possible for the information to reach the desired place without any hindrance, at
a little cost, and in a proper way. Such as meetings, legal and commercial
notices, reports, and documents.
2. Informal Communication - does not employ formal language. Moreover, it is also
casual communication between co-workers in the workplace. It is unofficial in
nature and is based in the informal, social relationships that are formed in a
workplace outside of the normal hierarchy of business structure. Such as casual
discussions, sharing of feelings, gossips, and others.
1.3 Communication Principles

General Principles of Effective Communication
In oral and written communication, the following principles should be considered:
1. Know your purpose in communication

2. Know your audience
3. Know your topic
4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation
5. Work on the feedback given you
The Principles of Effective Oral Communication are the following:
1. Be clear with your purpose

2. Be complete with the message you deliver
3. Be concise
4. Be natural with your delivery
5. Be specific and timely with your feedback
The Principles of Effective Written Communication: The 7C’s
1. Be clear - message to be delivered must be clear in the mind of the sender

2. Be concise- The message should not include any unnecessary details. It should
be short and complete.
3. Be concrete - one should be specific, definite and vivid rather than vague and
general.
4. Be correct - correct language should be used and the sender must ensure that
there is no grammatical and spelling errors.
5. Be coherent - it refers to the written or spoken communication express clearly,
logically and intelligibly.
6. Be complete - one should include all the relevant information as required by the
intended audience.
7. Be courteous - it implies that the sender must take into consideration both the
feelings and viewpoints of the receiver such that the message is positive and focus
at the audience.
1.4 Communication and Globalization: Globalization

Phenomenon
How does globalization work?
In simple terms, globalization is the process by which people and goods move easily
across borders. Principally, it's an economic concept – the integration of markets, trade,
and investments with few barriers to slow the flow of products and services between
nations. There is also a cultural element, as ideas and traditions are traded and
assimilated.
Globalization has brought many benefits to many people. But not to everyone.

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1.1 What is Language?

According to Linguists, the language will be called a language if there is a:

1. System of rules (grammar)

 Speech Community is a group that sociolinguistics attempt to study or group of

1.2 Communication Perspectives: Communication Processes

Types of Communication according to:

3. Shannon – Weaver’s Communication Model

4. David Berlo's Model

Types of Communication according to Context:

2. Interpersonal communication - Latin prefix "inter" means between among and

2. Informal - Comes from unofficial channels of message flow. Also known as

According to Purpose and Style:

1.3 Communication Principles

1. Know your purpose in communication

1. Be clear with your purpose

The Principles of Effective Written Communication: The 7C’s

1. Be clear - message to be delivered must be clear in the mind of the sender

1.4 Communication and Globalization: Globalization

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