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    TRANSITION ELEMENTS (D-Block Elements)

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    Manoj Yadav
    The document discusses transition elements and the properties of iron. Transition elements occupy the central region of the periodic table, between the s-block and p-block elements. They have properties intermediate between the electropositive s-block and electronegative p-block elements. Transition elements have incompletely filled d-orbital shells and variable oxidation states. Important characteristics of transition elements include their metallic properties, high melting/boiling points, colored salts, magnetic and catalytic properties, and ability to form complexes. The document then discusses the introduction, occurrence, extraction and uses of iron.

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    TRANSITION ELEMENTS (D-Block Elements)

    Uploaded by

    Manoj Yadav
    114 views2 pages
    The document discusses transition elements and the properties of iron. Transition elements occupy the central region of the periodic table, between the s-block and p-block elements. They have properties intermediate between the electropositive s-block and electronegative p-block elements. Transition elements have incompletely filled d-orbital shells and variable oxidation states. Important characteristics of transition elements include their metallic properties, high melting/boiling points, colored salts, magnetic and catalytic properties, and ability to form complexes. The document then discusses the introduction, occurrence, extraction and uses of iron.

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    Transition Elements

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    The document discusses transition elements and the properties of iron. Transition elements occupy the central region of the periodic table, between the s-block and p-block elements. They have properties intermediate between the electropositive s-block and electronegative p-block elements. Transition elements have incompletely filled d-orbital shells and variable oxidation states. Important characteristics of transition elements include their metallic properties, high melting/boiling points, colored salts, magnetic and catalytic properties, and ability to form complexes. The document then discusses the introduction, occurrence, extraction and uses of iron.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    114 views2 pages

    TRANSITION ELEMENTS (D-Block Elements)

    Uploaded by

    Manoj Yadav
    The document discusses transition elements and the properties of iron. Transition elements occupy the central region of the periodic table, between the s-block and p-block elements. They have properties intermediate between the electropositive s-block and electronegative p-block elements. Transition elements have incompletely filled d-orbital shells and variable oxidation states. Important characteristics of transition elements include their metallic properties, high melting/boiling points, colored salts, magnetic and catalytic properties, and ability to form complexes. The document then discusses the introduction, occurrence, extraction and uses of iron.

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    TRANSITION ELEMENTS (d-Block elements)

    The elements occupying the central region of the periodic table between s and p block
    elements are generally regarded as transition elements. These elements have their
    properties which are intermediate between those of S and P-block elements and
    represent a change from the most electropositive S-block elements to the most
    electronegative P-block elements therefore it as named as transition elements. They
    have different electronic configuration compared to the representative elements. In the
    transition element series there are two incompletely filled outermost shells. In their
    atoms the d-orbital of penultimate (n-1) energy level receive electrons.

    The general electronic configuration of transition elements is (n-1)d 1-10 nS1-2, Where n
    is the outermost shell.

    GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS


    Some of the important characteristics of transition metals are given below:-

    1. Metallic character
    All the transition metals are metals. They possess metallic luster, high density,
    hardness, brightness etc. They are good conductor of heat and electricity.
    2. Melting and boiling points
    The transition metals high melting and boiling points. In each series the
    melting points of these metals rise to a maximum value and then decrease with
    increase in atomic number.
    3. Colours
    Salts of transition elements are coloured in solid state and in aqueous solution.
    4. Magnetic properties
    Most of the transition metals show paramagnetic behavior. It is due to the
    presence of unpaired electrons in d-orbitals.
    5. Catalytic properties
    Most of the transition metals, their alloys and compounds are used as catalysis.
    Transition metals such as Pt, Ni, Fe, Cr, V 2O5 etc acts as catalyst in different
    chemical reactions. Catalysis of these metals is due to the use of their d-orbital
    or the formation of interstitial compounds which absorb and activate the
    reacting substance.
    6. Oxidation state
    All transition metals exhibit variable oxidation state. This is due to the
    involvement of (n-1) d and outer nS electrons.
    7. Complex formation
    d-block transition metals have a mark ability to form complex compounds.
    This is due to the small size, high nuclear charge and having a number of
    vacant orbitals of equivalent energy whrere electrons donated by ligands can
    be accommodated.
    IRON
    INTRODUCTION
    Latin name: Ferum

    Symbol: Fe Atomic weight: 55.85

    Electronic configuration: [Ar]3d64s2 Atomic number: 26

    Oxidation state: +2 or +3 Valency: 2 or 3

    OCCURRENCE OF IRON
    Iron is one of the oldest and most essential metals. It is the fourth most abundant
    elements in the earth’s crust. About 6.2% of the earth’s crushed is made up of iron.
    Iron is a very important constituent of construction materials and is used in almost all
    heavy industries.

    Iron doesn’t occur in Free State. In combined state it occurs as,

    Haematite: Fe2O3 Limonite: Fe2O3.3H2O

    Magnetite: Fe3O4 Siderite: FeCO3

    Iron pyrite: FeS2 Copper pyrite: CuFeS2

    EXTRACTION OF IRON

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