REMEDIAL ACTIVITY in MUSIC 8

REMEDIAL ACTIVITY

CAMBODIA

Art music is highly influenced by ancient forms as well as Hindu forms. Cambodian
court music is roughly similar to that of Java, Indonesia. They feature choruses with
large orchestras based on struck keys and gongs. Cambodian people also absorbed and
adopted Indian, Chinese, European, and other cultures to suit their own traditions and
tastes that resulted in a distinct Cambodian culture

The Pinpeat is a Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually

accompanies ceremonial music of the royal courts and temples. Music is always part of
their court dances, masked plays, shadow plays, and religious ceremonies.
You can also visit the following web pages for additional reference:
 http://www.istov.de/htmls/cambodia/cambodia_start.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_music
 http://www.keosambathmusic.com/index.htm
1
INDONESIA
Indonesia is an archipelago in Southeast Asia comprising approximately 17,500 islands.
With over 238 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country and is
the fourth biggest nation of the world. Through interaction with other cultures such as Indian,
Arabic, Chinese and European, a wide range of musical styles has been developed. Today
the contemporary music of Indonesia is popular not only in the region but also in the
neighbouring countries.
There are two basic kinds of Indonesian music scale:

o Slendro – five (5) equidistant tones in octave
o Peloq – heptatonic (7) tone scale with semi tone
Both vocal and instrumental music in Indonesia use slendro and peloq scales.
Polyphonic stratification kind of melody is a result of hocket/Interlock.
Interlocking is a common technique used in gong ensembles.
Irama – is an Indonesian term for tempo
Vocal music is used as ornamentation of the Gamelan. It is as important as gamelan.

1. Pesindhen is a female soloist singer who sings with a Gamelan
2. Gerong refers to the unison male chorus that sings with the gamelan
Gamelan
The Gamelan or Gamelan orchestra is the most popular form of music in Indonesia. There
are many types of Gamelan but the famous Javanese and Balinese Gamelan are the most
famous.
Javanese gamelan instruments
In the courts of Java, Javanese gamelan is grouped into 2 groups of gamelan, namely gamelan
Pakurmatan and gamelan Ageng. Gamelan pakurmatan is the gamelan used for special Javanese
court events and all of them are sacred gamelan. The gamelan pakurmatan consists of the gamelan
kodhok ngorek, the gamelan monggang, the gamelan sekati, and the gamelan carabalen. As for
the gamelan ageng is considered the most complete in the Javanese court. The Gamelan Ageng
instruments are usually owned by the general public (artists, schools, studios, and other communities)
in Java and outside Java. This gamelan is used to accompany arts or rituals either in the palace or in
the general public, the gamelan can use a complete gamelan or less.
2
Balinese gamelan instruments
In Bali, the Gamelan instruments are all kept together in a balé, a large open space with a roof over
the top of it and several open sides. Gambelan (the Balinese term) are owned by a banjar,
nobility or temples and kept in their respective compounds. In case of banjar ownership the
instruments are all kept there together because people believe that all the instruments belong
to the community as a whole and that no one person has ownership over an instrument. Not only is
this where the instruments are stored, but this is also the practice space for the sekaha (Gamelan
orchestra group). The open walls allow for the music to flow out into the community where the
rest of the people may enjoy it. Balinese gamelan cannot be heard inside closed rooms, because it
easily crosses the threshold of pain. This does not apply to small ensembles like a gamelan gendér.
The sekaha is led by a single instructor whose job is in the community to lead this group and
to come up with new pieces. When they are working on a new piece, the instructor will lead the
group in practice and help the group form the new music as they are practicing. When the instructor
creates a new song, he leaves enough open for interpretation that the group can improvise, so the
group will write the music as they practice it. There are many styles in Balinese gamelan. Kebyar is
one of the most recent ones. Some Balinese gamelan groups constantly change their music by
taking older pieces they know and mixing them together, as well as trying new variations of the music.
Their music constantly changes because they believe that music should grow and change; the
only exception to this is with their most sacred songs which they do not change. A single new piece of
music can take several months before it is completed. Men and women usually perform in separate
groups.
3
Task 1
Group the different musical instrument of Cambodia ensemble and Indonesia Gamelan enesemble
according to their classification.
Percussion Wind String

PINPEAT
JAVANESE
BALINESE
4
Task 2
What are the features of each gamelan ensemble of Indonesia?
JAVANESE GAMELAN BALINESE GAMELAN
You can also visit the following web pages for additional reference:
The Javanese Gamelan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfrOSJRCsfM
The Balinese Gamelan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmlAZxha8Pw
Task 3
ASSESSMENT
A.
Provide the Best Correct answer on the given statement below. Choose your answer on the given
choices inside the box.
SLENDRO PESINDHEN SEKAHA PINPEAT HINDU FORM
1. Cambodian art music is highly influence by ancient form as well as.

2. A musical scale with five equidistant tones in octave.
3. It is a Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually accompanies ceremonial
music of the royal court.
4. A female soloist singer who sings with a gamelan.
5. It is led by a single instructor whose job is to lead a community to come up with new pieces.
B.
6.If you analyze the music of the two countries Cambodia and Indonesia what are there two
common features. _____________,____________.
7. Four major influence of Indonesian music.
8. What are the two vocal music of Indonesia.
9. Two basic musical scale of Indonesia.

REMEDIAL ACTIVITY in MUSIC 8

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REMEDIAL ACTIVITY

The Pinpeat is a Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually

There are two basic kinds of Indonesian music scale:

Irama – is an Indonesian term for tempo

Vocal music is used as ornamentation of the Gamelan. It is as important as gamelan.

Percussion Wind String

What are the features of each gamelan ensemble of Indonesia?

JAVANESE GAMELAN BALINESE GAMELAN

SLENDRO PESINDHEN SEKAHA PINPEAT HINDU FORM

1. Cambodian art music is highly influence by ancient form as well as.

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