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Dehydration is caused by a loss of body fluids and electrolytes through vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss, excessive sweating, or low fluid intake. This leads to hypovolemia and a physiological disturbance characterized by symptoms like sunken eyes, dry mouth, headache, and poor skin turgor. Diagnosis involves tests that can detect high hematocrit, low sodium and high urea levels from fluid loss and a concentrated, dark urine. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement and management of the underlying cause.

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1K views1 page

Concept Map

Dehydration is caused by a loss of body fluids and electrolytes through vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss, excessive sweating, or low fluid intake. This leads to hypovolemia and a physiological disturbance characterized by symptoms like sunken eyes, dry mouth, headache, and poor skin turgor. Diagnosis involves tests that can detect high hematocrit, low sodium and high urea levels from fluid loss and a concentrated, dark urine. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement and management of the underlying cause.

Uploaded by

adriana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sunken eyes Dry oral cavity Dehydration is a physiologic Fluid and electrolyte loss due to: BODY FLUIDS

te loss due to: BODY FLUIDS ELECTROLYTES


Cracked lips disturbance caused by a reduction
or translocation of body fluids ➢ Vomiting
leading to hypovolemia. ➢ Diarrhea
Headache ➢ Blood loss
➢ Excessive sweating
SYMPTOMS ECF(20%) ICF(40%)
➢ Less intake of water and fluids
CAUSES
DEFINITION ➢ Some diseases like diabetes ISF(15%)
Poor skin turgor mellitus
IVF(5%)

DEHYDRATION

VITAL SIGNS 1. FULL BLOOD COUNT Volume of fluid in blood


MECHANISM
➢ High pulse rate • Hematocrit HIGH RBC’S per volume of fluid
➢ Increased temperature
➢ Decreased blood pressure Internal or external fluid loss • Red Blood Cell count LOW oxygen levels
➢ Increased respiratory rate 2. RENAL PROFILE
Decreased intravascular fluid volume INVESTIGATION
➢ Delayed CRT (>2 sec)
Decreased venous return • Urea HIGH Reabsorption of water along nephron

Reduced preload DEGREE • Na+ LOW Tubular urea concentration


TYPES
Decreased stroke volume 3. URINE ANALYSIS Loss of body fluids
Poor perfusion
Decreased cardiac output • Color DARKER/AMBER Urine is too
Decreased mean arterial blood pressure concentrated
• Specific Gravity HIGH
Decreased tissue perfusion

Peripheral Reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery to cells


vasoconstriction

MANAGEMENT

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