RIZAL'S ARREST

AND EXILE IN
L E C T U R E 8

DAPITAN
OBJECTIVES
WHAT WE'LL DISCUSS

1. Analyze whether the

arrest of Rizal and his
exile was just and
right or not.
2. Make value-judgment
on the essentials
qualities of Jose Rizal
during his exile.
Rizal’s Arrival on Manila
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Series of Meetings with the
Governor-General
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Series of Meetings with the
Governor-General
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The Borneo Plan
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Founding of La Liga Filipina
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• July 6, 1892 – Wednesday, Rizal
went to Malacañang Palace to
resume his series of interviews with
governor general

Rizal’s Arrest
Rizal Arrested and Jailed in
Fort Santiago
Rizal’s Arrest
-incriminatory leaflets
which allegedly found in
Lucia’s pillowcase; it is
under the authorship of
Fr. Jacinto and printed
by the Imprenta de los
Amigos del Pais, Manila

Pobres Frailles
(Poor Friars)
• Rizal was placed under
arrest and escorted to
Fort Santiago by
Ramon Despujol,
nephew and aide of
Governor General
Despujol
July 7, 1892
Gaceta de Manila
published the story of
Rizal’s arrest which
produced indignant
commotion among
Filipino people,
particularly the members
of the newly organized
Liga Filipina
July 7, 1892
the same issue of
Gaceta contained
Governor General
Despujol’s decree
deporting Rizal to “one of
the islands in the South”
Rizal was brought under heavy
guard to the steamer Cebu,
which was sailing for Dapitan

The steamer was under

Captain Delgras departed
at 1:00 AM, July 15,
sailing south, passing
July 14, 1892, Mindoro and panay and
shortly after midnight
(that is 12:30 am of July reaching Dapitan on
15, 1892) Sunday, the 17th of July at
7:00 in the evening
Rizal began his exile in
lonely Dapitan, a period of
four years

July 17, 1892 – July 31, 1896

RIZAL'S DEPORTATION When did Rizal
arrived in
Dapitan?
IN DAPITAN

Rizal arrived at Dapitan on July

17, 1892, on board the streamer
Cebu. He exiled without trial to
Dapitan, Mindanao for allegedly
instigating sedition.
THE POLITICO-MILITARY
COMMANDER
• Captain Carnicero was the politico military
commander of the town who received Rizal as a
prisoner.

• He was made to stay in the house of Capt. Ricardo

Carnicero, commandant of Dapitan, in Casa Grande.
A friendship based on mutual respect developed
between the two gentlemen.

• Later in his life in Dapitan, Rizal wrote a poem ‘A

Don Ricardo Carnicero’ honoring the kind
CAPT. RICARDO CARNICERO commandant on the occasion of his birthday on
August 26, 1892.
Captain Carnicero’s Task
Captain Carnicero’s Task
Jesuit Mission House

1 4
3
2 5
Rizal won the Lottery
The commandant Captain Ricardo Carnicero and Jose Rizal became good
friends so much so that the exile did not feel that the captain was actually his
guard. Later in his life in Dapitan, Rizal wrote a poem ‘A Don Ricardo Carnicero’
honoring the kind commandant on the occasion of his birthday on August 26,
1892.
In September 1892, Rizal and Carnicero won in a lottery. The Manila Lottery
ticket no. 9736 jointly owned by Rizal, Carnicero, and a Spanish resident of
Dipolog won the second prize of Php 20, 0000. Rizal used some part of his
share (Php 6, 200) in procuring a parcel of land near the coast of Talisay, a
barrio near Dapitan. On a property of more than 10 hectares, he put up three
houses made of bamboo, wood, and nipa. He lived in the house which was
square in shape. Another house, which was hexagonal, was the barn where
Rizal kept his chickens.
RIZAL BUILDS HIS
HOME AT TALISAY

In September 1892, Rizal and Carnicero

won in a lottery. The Manila Lottery
ticket no. 9736 jointly owned by Rizal,
Carnicero, and a Spanish resident of
Dipolog won the second prize of Php 20,
0000.

Rizal used some part of his share (Php 6,

200) in procuring a parcel of land near
the coast of Talisay, a barrio near
Dapitan.
In 1893 he established a school which
existed until the end of his exile in July 1896.
It began with three pupils and in the course of
time the enrolment increased to 16 and later
to 21. Instead of charging tuition fee, he made
them work in his garden, fields, and
construction projects in the community.
Rizal effected the construction of the
house to accommodate the growing number
of pupils in his Talisay School. The area
underneath the hut served as the workshop of
his pupils. His exile to Dapitan gave Rizal the
opportunity to put into practice his educational
ideas.
The octagonal hut served as
Rizal's clinic and as dormitory of some
of his pupils. Reconstructed with
similar materials as the main house, it
now stands as a reminder of the
numerous medications performed by
Rizal during his exile in Dapitan.
Daily Life as an Exile
IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN
Rizal had an exemplary life, idyllic in serenity.

August, 1893 – members of his family took turns in visiting him in order to assuage his
loneliness in the isolated outpost of Spanish power in the Moroland.

Among them were his mother; sisters Trinidad, Maria, Narcisa; and nephews
Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio and Prudencio.
RIZAL ENCOUNTER WITH THE FRIAR’S SPY
November 1893 Rizal was living peacefully and happily at his house in Talisay.

His blissful life was then suddenly jolted by a strange incident involving a spy of the
friars.

Pablo Mercado – posing as relative, secretly visited Rizal at his house on the night of
November 2, 1893.
" THE FRIAR SPY "
•

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
As Physician in Dapitan
August 1893 his mother and sister (Maria) arrived in Dapitan and lived with him for
one year and half.

Don Ignacio Tumarong – was able to see again because of Rizal’s ophthalmic skill;
and highly gratified by the restoration of his sight, and he paid P3,000.

DON FLORENCIO AZACARRAGA, A RICH HACENDERO OF AKLAN, WAS ALSO

CURED OF EYE AILMENT, AND PAID RIZAL A CARGO OF SUGAR.

RIZAL BECAME INTERESTED IN LOCAL MEDICINE AND IN THE USE OF MEDICINAL

PLANTS.
Community Projects for Dapitan
When Rizal arrived in Dapitan, he decided to improve it, to the best of his God-given talents, and to
awaken the civic consciousness of its people.

Water System for Dapitan

Rizal as Teacher
Since boyhood Rizal knew the value of good education.
He himself planned to establish a modern college in Hong Kong for Filipino boys so that he could
train them in modern pedagogical concepts, which were then unknown in the Philippines.
Contributions to Science

Rizal found Mindanao a rich virgin field for collecting specimens. With his baroto
(sailboat) and accompanied by his pupils, he explored the jungles and coasts, seeking
specimens of insects, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, shells, and plants.
During his four-year exile in Dapitan, Rizal built up a rich collection of concology
which consisted of 346 shells representing 203 species.
He discovered some rare specimens which were named in his honor by the scientists.
Draco Rizali – a flying dragon
Apogonia Rizali – a small beetle
Rhacophorus Rizali – a rare frog
LINGUISTIC STUDIES
Rizal continued his studies of languages. In Dapitan he learned the Bisayan,
Subanum, and Malay languages. He wrote a Tagalog grammar, made a comparative
study of the Bisayan and Malayan languages.

April 5, 1896 – his last year of exile in Dapitan, he wrote to Blumentritt.

He knew 22 languages.
ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN
Rizal contributed his painting skill to the sisters of Charity who were preparing the
sanctuary of the Holy Virgin in their private chapel.
He drew, for instance, the three rare species of animal life – the dragon the frog, and
the beetle.
He had sketches of the numerous fishes he caught in Dapitan waters.
RIZAL AS A FARMER
In Dapitan Rizal devoted much of his time to agriculture.
He bought 16 hectares of land in Talisay, where he built his home, school, and
hospital, and planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane, coconuts and fruits trees.

Later, he acquired more lands until his total holdings reached 70 hectares, containing
6,000 hemp plants, 1,000, and numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee and
cacao.

On his farm Rizal introduced modern methods of agriculture which he had observed
in Europe and America.
He also imported agricultural machinery from the United States.
RIZAL AS BUSINESSMAN
Rizal engaged in business. In partnership with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan merchant,
he made profitable business ventures in fishing, copra, and hemp industries.
January 19, 1893 – he expressed his plan to improve the fishing industry of Dapitan.
The most profitable business venture of Rizal in Dapitan was in the hemp industry.
At one time, he shipped 150 bales of hemp to a foreign firm in Manila at huge profit
for himself and his business partner.
He purchased hemp in Dapitan at P7 and 4 reales per picul and sold it in Manila at
p10 and 4 reales, giving him a profit of P3 per picul.
May 14, 1893 – Rizal formed a business partnership with Ramon Carreon in lime
manufacturing.
Their lime burner had a monthly capacity of more than 400 bags of lime.
RIZAL’S INVENTIVE ABILITY
Rizal was that he was also an inventor.
He invented cigarette lighter which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt. He called it “
“sulpukan”.

February, 1895 –Dona Teodora, with her eyesight fully restored, returned to Manila.
October 22, 1895 – Rizal wrote a beautiful poem about his serene life as an exile in Dapitan
and sent it to her.
“My Retreat” – which is claimed by literary critics as one of the best ever penned by Rizal.
KATIPUNAN SEEK RIZAL’S ADVICE
• Prior to the outbreak of the revolution,
the Katipunan leader, Andres Bonifacio, seek the advise of Jose
Rizal. In a secret meeting on May 2, 1896 at Bitukang
Manok river in Pasig, the group agreed to send Dr. Pio
Valenzuela as a representative to Dapitan who will inform Rizal
of their plan to launch a revolution against the Spaniards. On
board the steamer Venus, Valenzuala left Manila on June 15, 1892
and in 6 days, arrived at Dapitan with a blind companion,
Raymundo Mata. At night, Rizal and Valenzuela had a talk in the
former's garden.
KATIPUNAN SEEK RIZAL’S ADVICE
There, Valenzuela told him of the Katipunan's plan. Regarding this,
Rizal outspokenly objected Bonifacio's “premature” idea for two reasons:

1. the Filipinos were still unready for such bloody revolution; and

2. the Katipunan lacked machinery – before plotting a revolution, there

must be sufficient arms and funds collected.

Valenzuela also told Rizal of their plan to rescue him in Dapitan. Again, the
exiled hero disagreed because he had no plan of breaking his word of
honor to the Spanish authorities.
Summary of Rizal’s Achievements in Dapitan

 Rizal provided significant community services in Dapitan like improving

the town’s drainage and constructing better water system using empty
bottles and bamboo joints.
 He also taught the town folks about health and sanitation so as to
avoid the spread of diseases.
 He bettered their forest by providing evident trails, stairs, and some
benches. He invented a wooden machine for mass production of
bricks. Using the bricks he produced, Rizal built a water dam for the
community with the help of his students.
 As the town’s doctor, Rizal equally treated all patients regardless of
their economic and social status. He accepted as ‘fees’ things like
poultry and crops, and at times, even gave his services to poor folks
for free.
 His specialization was ophthalmology but he also offered treatments
to almost all kinds of diseases like fever, sprain, broken bones,
typhoid, and hernia.
 Rizal also helped in the livelihood of the abaca farmers in Dapitan by
trading their crops in Manila. He also gave them lessons in abaca-
weaving to produce hammocks. Noticing that the fishing method by
the locals was inefficient, he taught them better techniques like
weaving and using better fishing nets.
Physician Farmer Engineer
Rizal as . . . Rizal practiced Rizal devoted much He applied his
medicine in Dapitan, his time in agriculture. knowledge in
as a physician he Encouraged the engineering by
became interested in farmers to used constructing a system
local medicine and in modern agricultural of waterworks and
use of medicinal methods. beautification of town
plants. plaza.

Teacher Business Man Scientist

Rizal taught his boys Rizal engaged in Rizal invented a
reading, writing, business in cigarette lighter
languages, geo, partnership with which he sent as a gift
history, mathematics, Ramon Carreonn, a to Blumentritt.
nature study, moral, Dapitan Merchant.
gymnastics and etc.
Goodbye Dapitan
 In 1895, Blumentritt informed Rizal that the revolution-ridden Cuba, another
nation colonized by Spain, was raged by yellow fever epidemic. Because there
was a shortage of physicians to attend to war victims and disease-stricken
people,Rizal wrote to the Governor General Ramon Blanco on December 1895,
volunteering to provide medical services in Cuba. Receiving no reply from Blanco,
Rizal lost interest in his request.
 But on July 30, 1896, Rizal received a letter from the governor general
sanctioning his petition to serve as volunteer physician in Cuba. Rizal made
immediate preparations to leave, selling and giving as souvenirs to friends and
students his various properties.
 In the late afternoon of July 31, Rizal got on the 'España with
Josephine, Narcisa, a niece,three nephews, and three of his students.
Many Dapitan folks, especially Rizal’s students, came to see their
beloved doctor for the last time. Cordially bidding him goodbye, they
shouted “Adios, Dr. Rizal!” and some of his students even cried. With
sorrowing heart, He waved his hand in farewell to the generous and
loving Dapitan folks, saying, “Adios, Dapitan!”
 The steamer departed for Manila at midnight of July 31, 1896. With
tears in his eyes, Rizal later wrote in his diary onboard the ship, “I have
been in that district four years, thirteen days, and a few hours.”
This monumental work of art is a
tribute to all Dapitanons and to those
who, in heart and in mind, silently
share the same vision of Dr. Jose
Rizal for the greater glory of Dapitan.
This serves as a reminder to all that
Dapitan was once blessed with the
distinct privilege and opportunity to
shelter the greatest Filipino martyr
who lived here on exile for four years,
thirteen days and a few hours sharing
his noble life, works, and teachings.
Literary Works in Talisay
• Jose Rizal spent most of his days
in Dapitan with his pupils and he taught them
not to be afraid of anything including the
“ghosts” in the balete trees . He challenged
them by letting them climb balete trees.
“Hymn to Talisay” was written by Rizal for his
pupils to sing while they rendezvous under the
HYMN TO TALISAY Talisay tree.

• This poem portrays Rizal's serene life in his

place of rustication. He wrote the poem in
response to his mother's request that Rizal
should revive his interest in poetry writing. s

MY RETREAT
“It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.”
- Confucius

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