Rizal in ateneo de manila and UST

1. Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de manila (1872-1877)

2. • Four months after the martyrdom of GomBur-Za and Doña Teodora still in
prison, Jose was sent to Manila. • He studied in Ateneo Municipal, a college under
the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits • The Jesuits returned to Manila in 1859, they
were given the management of the Escuela Pia or what we now know as Ateneo de
Manila

3. Ateneo de Manila during the Spanish regime

4. Rizal Enters the Ateneo • June 10, 1872, accompanied by Paciano went to Manila
• His father, change his mind and decided to send him to Ateneo instead. • He
again return to Manila, again accompanied by Paciano, Matriculated at the Ateneo
Municipal.

5. Rizal Enters the Ateneo • Father Magin Ferrando, who was the college registrar,
refused to admit him. • Rizal was then eleven years old • Manuel Xerez Burgos
intercession • Jose was the first of his family to adopt the surname “Rizal” • He first
boarded in a house outside Intramuros

6. Jesuit System of Education • The Jesuit system of education is more advanced

than that of other colleges in that period. • The student heard Mass in the morning
before beginning of the daily class. • Students were divided into two groups: The
“Roman Empire” and The “Carthaginian Empire”

7. Jesuit System of Education • The two groups has an emperor which is the best
student • The Ateneo students in Rizal’s time wore a uniform which consisted of
“hemp-fabric trousers” and “striped cotton coat”

8. Rizal’s First Year in Ateneo (1872-73) • June, 1872, Rizal first heard Mass • Fr. Jose
Bech, Rizal’s first professor in the Ateneo • Rizal was placed at the bottom of the
class. • He progressed rapidly and at the end of the month he became “emperor”. •
He took private lessons in Santa Isabel College

9. Summer Vacation (1873) • He placed second at the end of the year • End of the
school year in March, 1873 and the start of his summer vacation • His mother was
in prison • He went to Santa Cruz

10. Second Year in Ateneo (1873-74) • Rizal repented having neglected his studies
the previous year • The three boys from Biñan • Rizal received excellent grades in
all subjects and a gold medal.

11. Prophecy of Mother’s Release • Rizal immediately go to Santa Cruz in order to

visit his mother • The Prophecy of Rizal to his mother
12. Joseph(Son of Jacob) Doña Teodora compare Rizal’s ability to interpret dreams to
Joseph

13. Teenage Interest in Reading • Summer Vacation in 1874 in Calamba • The Count
of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas • Cesar Cantu’s historical work entitled
Universal History • Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor

14. Third Year in Ateneo (1875-76) • June 1874 – Rizal returned to the Ateneo – His
mother is release from prison • He won only one gold medal in Latin • He failed to
win the medal in Spanish • End of school year(March 1875)

15. Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-1876) • June 16, 1875, he became an interno in
Ateneo • Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez • He won five medals at the end of the
school term. • He returned to Calamba for his summer vacation (March 1876)

16. Last Year in Ateneo (1876-77) • Rizal returned to Manila in June 1876 • He was
“the pride of the Jesuits” • He obtained the highest grades in all subject

17. Graduation with Highest Honors • March 23, 1877 – Commencement Day •
Prayed at the college chapel: “to the Virgin so that when I should step into that
world, which inspired me with so much terror, she would protect me,”

18. Extra-Curricular Activities in Ateneo • Marian Congregation – secretary :

devotion to Our Lady of Immaculate Conception • Spanish Literature • Academy of
Natural Sciences • Father Sanchez - literature • Father Jose Villaclara – practical
studies • Agustin Saez – painting • Romualdo de Jesus – sculpting • Tio Manuel –
gymnastics and fencing

19. Sculptural Works in Ateneo • Image of the Virgin Mary – batikuling (Philippine
hardwood using a pocket knife) • Father Lleonart – requested him to carve the
image of Sacred Heart of Jesus

20. Anecdotes on Rizal, the Atenean • Felix M. Roxas – resignation to pain and
forgiveness • Mansano and Lesaca – quarreled and violently hurled books at each
other • Manuel Xeres Burgos – boarded shortly • Julio Meliza from Iloilo – crying
because of the kite

21. Poems Written in Ateneo • Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) –

dedicated to his mother • 1875: • Felicitacion (Felicitation) • El Embarque: Himno a
la Flota de Magallanes (The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s Fleet) • Y Es Espanol:
Elcano, el Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo (And He is Spanish: Elcano, the First to
Circumnavigate the world.

22. • El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo) •
1876: religion, education, childhood memories, and war • Education: “Through
Education Our Motherland Receives Light” • “The Intimate Alliance Between
Religion and Good Education” • Religion: “Al Nino Jesus” (To the Child Jesus) • 1877:
last year in Ateneo

23. Dramatic Work in Ateneo • Father Sanchez – requested Rizal to write a drama
based on the prose story of St. Eustace the Martyr • San Eustacio, Martir

24. First Romance of Rizal • Segunda Katigbak – 14-yr. old Batanguena from Lipa •
Visited his maternal grandmother in Trozo, Manila with his friend Mariano Katigbak •
Segunda’s portrait • Came to know Segunda more intimately during his weekly
visits to La Concordia College • “a love at first sight” • Hopeless – Segunda engaged
to Manuel Luz

25. • Thursday – December 1877; Visited her at La Concordia College to say

goodbye • First Romance: “ruined by his own shyness and reserve,”

26. RIZAL AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS (1877-1882)

27. Mother’s Opposition to Higher Education  Her Reason: If Rizal gets to learn
more, the Spaniards will cut off his head.  In contrary, Paciano and Don Francisco
wanted Rizal to pursue College Education.  Take note: The Bachelor of Arts degree
during Spanish times was equivalent to a high school diploma today.

28. ENROLLMENT AT UST Philosophy and Letters during his freshman year. (1877-
1878)  Why Philosophy & Letters? 1.) Don Francisco liked it. 2.) Uncertainty on
what course to take up. 3.) Failure to solicit the advice of Father Ramon Pablo,
Ateneo’s Rector, who was then at Mindanao.

29. Rizal’s Grades (1877-1878) Conversion Sobresaliente Notable, Aprovechade

Bueno Mediano Aprovado Suspenso Reprobado = 1.00 Excellent = 1.50 Very Good
= 2.00 Good = 2.50 Fair = 3.00 Passed = 4.00 Conditioned = 5.00 Failed Philosophy
and Letters Cosmology & Metaphysics Sobresaliente Theodicy Sobresaliente History
of Philosophy Sobresaliente

30.  UST was under the Dominicans, rival of the Jesuits in education.  He
remained loyal to Ateneo, participated in extracurricular activities and completed a
course in surveying in that same school.  perito agrimensor  November 25, 1881

31. Extra-curricular activities in Ateneo while studying at UST: President of the

Academy of Spanish Literature Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences
Secretary of the Marian Congregation

32. Other Extra-curricular Activities • Literary contests: Liceo Artistico Literario de

Manila A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) El Consej de los Dioses (The
Council of the Gods) • Wrote one-act play: Junto al Pasig • Poems: Abd el-Aziz y
Mohama Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon
33. Medical Studies at UST  Shifting from PHL & Letters to Medicine.  Why did
Rizal Shift to Medical course? 1.) Don Pablo Ramon, Ateneo Rector, advised him to
choose medicine. 2.) Rizal wanted to cure his mother’s growing blindness.

34. Scholastic Records from 1878-1882 1st year – Medicine (1878-1879) Physics Fair
Chemistry Excellent Natural History Fair Anatomy 1 Good Dissection 1 Good 2nd
year – Medicine (1879-1880) Anatomy 2 Good Dissection 2 Good Physiology Good
Private Hygiene Good Public Hygiene Good

35. 3rd year – Medicine (1880-1881) General Pathology Fair Therapeutics Excellent
Surgery Good 4th year – Medicine (1881-1882) Medical Pathology Very Good
Surgical Pathology Very Good Obstetrics Very Good

36. Reasons Why Rizal didn’t enjoy his stay at UST: 1.) Hostility of Dominican
Professors to him. 2.) Racial discrimination against Filipino students. 3.)
Dissatisfaction with the method of instruction. Reasons why Rizal performed poorly
at UST: 1.) Medicine is not his vocation. 2.) Discontentment with the system of
education. 3.) Distractions of youth.

37. Romances • Segunda Katigbak - Rizal’s puppy love Batangas • Miss L – fair
with seductive and attractive eyes Calamba • Leonor Valenzuela – Orang
Pagsanjan, Laguna Parents: Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela
Rizal sent love notes written in invisible ink

38. • Leonor Rivera – a frail, beautiful girl, tender as a budding flower with kindly
wistful eyes Camiling, Tarlac April 11, 1867 Father: Antonio Rivera
University: La Concordia College Taimis • Vicenta Ybardaloza Pagsanjan Can
play Harp

39. Student Activism at UST • Rizal displayed his leadership in student activism. •
Indio/chongo vs kastila/bangus • Bitter hostility exist • Racial animosity

40. Compañerismo (The Comradeship) – Inspired by Alexander Dumas, Three

Musketeers – Secret Society of Filipino Students  Companions of Jehu Inspired
by Les Compagnons de Jehu Rizal (president) Galiciano Apacible (secretary)

41. • Humiliating treatment of brown Filipino students • Archaic method of

instruction at UST • Favoritism & skin color – criteria for academic performance

42. Spanish Brutality  happened during his 1st summer vacation at Calamba after
his freshman year.  Failure to perceive a lieutenant during that night.  Gen.
Primo de Rivera – Gov. General of the Philippines at that time.

43. Finishing Medicine at UST • Notable in all of his subjects. • He was the 2nd best
student in a class of seven who passed the medicine course.
44. Decision to Go to Europe  To complete his medical course in Barcelona, Spain.
 To make a name for himself in the field of Journalism.  To observe and study
European Society.  To prepare himself for the task of liberating the Filipinos from
Spanish Tyranny.

45. Important Literary Works as a University Student (UST)

46. LITERARY WORKS ᴥ Consejo de los Dioses El ᴥ Junto al Pasig ᴥ Filipinas A ᴥ the
Filipino Youth (A La To Juventud Filipina)

47. To the Filipino Youth (A La Juventud Filipina)

48. To the Filipino Youth oLiceo Artistico Literario de Manila o1879 oGrand prize

49. To the Filipino Youth • 1st Stanza: Unfold, oh timid flower! Lift up your radiant
brow, This day, Youth of my native strand! Your abounding talents show
Resplendently and grand, Fair hope of my Motherland!

50. To the Filipino Youth • 9th Stanza Run! For genius' sacred flame Awaits the
artist's crowning Spreading far and wide the fame Throughout the sphere
proclaiming With trumpet the mortal's name

51. To the Filipino Youth • 10th Stanza Oh, joyful, joyful day, The Almighty blessed
be Who, with loving eagerness Sends you luck and happiness

52. References: • Rizalina site (www.seasite.niu.edu) • Jose Rizal: Social Reformer

and Patriot by De Viana et al.

53. References: • Rizalina site (www.seasite.niu.edu) • Jose Rizal: Social Reformer

and Patriot by De Viana et al. • Rizal and the Development of Filipino Nationalism by
Garcia et al. • Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist and
a National Hero

Medical Studies in University of Sto. Thomas (1877-1882)

- After graduating , he continued his education at UST

- He finished a year in Philosophy and Letters

- He decided to shift to a medical course

- UST was under the Dominicans , rival of the Jesuits in education

- Remained loyal to Ateneo participated in extracurricular activities in Ateneo and

completed a course in surveying
- As a Thomasian he won more literary laurels

- During his first term in 1877-1878 in UST, he studied Cosmology, Metaphysics ,

Theodicy and History of Philosophy.

- It was during the school term 1878-1879 that Rizal pursued his studies in medicine

Reasons why Rizal wanted to study Medicine:

- He wanted to be a physician so that he could cure his mother’s failing eyesight

- Fr. Pablo Ramon, the Father Rector of Ateneo whom he consulted for a choice of
career, finally answered his letter , and recommended medicine

Pre- Med Course

- Curso de Ampiacion or Advanced course in Physics, Chemistry and Natural History.

- Out of the 28 young men taking Ampliacion only four including Rizal were granted
the privilege of taking simultaneously the preparatory course and the first year of
medicine

- Rizal also received his four year practical training in medicine at the Hospital de
San Juan de Dios in Intramuros

- During his last year at the University, Rizal had obtained the global grade of
Notable(Very Good) in all of his subjects, and he was the second best student in a
decimated class of seven who passed the medicine course. After which, Rizal
decided to study in Spain.

Academic Journey To Spain ( 1882-1885 )

- His departure for Spain was kept secret from Spanish Authorities, friars and even
his parents especially his mother because she would not allow him to go

- To avoid detection , he used the name Jose Mercado

- On May 3, 1882 he boarded on Salvadora bound for Singapore where he was the
only Filipino passenger
- On November 3, 1882, he enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid taking up two
courses: Philosophy an Letters and Medicine

- On June 21, 1884 , he conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine

- The Following academic year , he studied and passed all subjects leading to the
degree of doctor of medicine

- Unfortunately, he was not able to submit the thesis required for graduation nor
paid the corresponding fees

- With that, he was not awarded his Doctor’s Diploma

- Jose Rizal also finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters with higher grades

- He was awarded the Degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the

Universidad Central de Madrid June 19, 1885 with the rating of excellent.

Opthalmology studies and travels in Europe

- Jose Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology.

Among all branches, he chose this specialization because he wanted to cure his
mother’s failing eyesight.

- In 1885, after studying at the Universidad Central de Madrid, Rizal, who was then
24 years old, went to Paris to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology

Rizal friends in Europe:

- Maximo Viola

- Senor Eusebio Corominas

- Don Miguel Morayta

- Dr. Louis de Weckert

- On February 3, 1886, after gathering some experience in ophthalmology, he left

Paris and went to Heidelberg, Germany

- He worked at the University Eye Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto Becker, a
distinguished German ophthalmologist
- On April 22, 1886, Rizal wrote a poem entitled A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the
Flowers of Heidelberg) because he was fascinated by the blooming flowers along
the Neckar River, which was the light blue flower called “forget-me-not”.

- On August 14, 1886, Rizal arrived in Leipzig. There, he attended some lectures at
the University of Leipzig on history and psychology

Resons Why Rizal choose to reside in germane longer:

- to gain further his studies in science and languages

- to observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation

- to associate with the famous scientists and scholars

- lastly to publish his novel Noli Me Tangere

Jose Rizal earned a Licentiate in Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid,

where he also took courses in philosophy and literature. It was in Madrid that he
began writing Noli Me Tangere. He also attended classes in the University of Paris
and, in 1887, he completed his eye specialization course at the University of
Heidelberg. It was also in that year that Rizal’s first novel was published in Berlin.