PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Multiple Choice Questions

UNIT – I

1. A scientist who studies the physiology of behavior, primarily by performing

physiological and behavioral experiments with laboratory animals is called
a. Psychopharmacologist
b. Physiological Psychologist
c. Neuropsychologist
d. Comparative Psychologist

2. Research in the physiology of behavior necessarily involves the use of laboratory

_____.
a. Plants
b. Humans
c. Animals
d. None of the above

3. Physiological psychology is psychology because it attempts to explain and predict

___
a. Behavior
b. Consciousness
c. Moods
d. Disorders

4. The subjects of ____ psychology are almost always laboratory animals.

a. Social
b. Environmental
c. Physiological
d. Abnormal

5. There is no excuse for mistreating animals and a majority of laboratory animals are
to be treated humanely. This is an important ________ in research with animals.
a. Evaluation
b. Ethical issue
c. Prediction
d. Natural selection

6. Modern physiological psychology has been greatly influenced by ________ theory of

evolution.
a. Gallup’s
b. Freud’s
c. Darwin’s
d. Mendel’s

7. Darwin argued that evolution occurs through ____

a. Natural selection
b. Social dominance
c. Attitudes
d. Adaptation

8. The human Central nervous system (CNS) begins to form when the embryo is about
a. 2 weeks old
b. 3 weeks old
c. 4 weeks old
d. 5 weeks old

9. ________ is the production of new cells.

a. _
b. Maturation
c. Proliferation
d. Migration

10. Physiological psychologists use both ___ and reduction to explain behavior.
a. Experimentation
b. Inheritance
c. Generalization
d. Observation

11. ______ is the treatment of repairing CNS damage in humans.

a. Apoptosis
b. Neuroplasticity
c. Epileptogenesis
d. Electro convulsive therapy

12. Majority of the brain growth in volumes happens in

a. First 2 years
b. Adolescence
c. Adulthood
d. Old age

13. When one part of the brain is damaged, other areas become less active than usual
because of their loss of
a. Experience
b. Representations
c. Focus
d. Input

14. A ____ causes of brain injury where there is a temporary interruption of normal
blood flow to a brain area.
a. Stroke
b. Parkinson’s disease
c. Stimulant
d. Phantom limb

15. _____ experiments were conducted to determine the effects of restricted

environmental stimulation on mental and physical functions.
a. Enrichment
b. Synaptogenesis
c. Sensory deprivation
d. Topography

16. After cells have been differentiated as neurons or glia, they

a. Grow
b. Differentiate
c. Separate
d. Migrate

17. The term neuroplasticity was first used by Polish neuroscientist ___ in 1948
a. Carla J Shatz
b. Jerzy Konorski
c. Roger W Sperry
d. D M Feeney

18. ____ refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage of neurons.
a. Diaschisis
b. Parkinson’s disease
c. Depression
d. Delirium

19. Although a destroyed cell body of a neuron cannot be replaced, damaged ____ do
grow back under certain circumstances.
a. Kidneys
b. Limbs
c. Axons
d. None of the above

20. Denervation supersensitivity is a change in ______

a. Axons
b. Drugs
c. Neurotransmitters
d. Dendritic receptors

21. Some of the scientific methods used by _____ psychologists come from physiology,
anatomy and biochemistry.
a. Pharmacological
b. Physiological
c. Clinical
d. Cognitive

22. Clues about the function of a neural structure can be obtained by stimulating it
a. Verbally
b. Medically
c. Electrically
d. Emotionally

23. Small electrical current impulses are used in the method of Electrical ____
a. Stimulation
b. Ablation
c. Surgery
d. Dialysis

24. Electrical stimulation simply involves passing ______ through a wire inserted into the
brain.
a. Chemicals
b. Electrical current
c. Enzymes
d. Auditory stimulus

25. Weak pulses of current produce an immediate increase in the firing of ______
a. Impulses
b. Emotions
c. Neurons
d. Chemicals

26. ______ may be implanted in the brain, to record the electrical activity of the nerve
impulses travelling from place to place in the nerves and brain.
a. Neuro-chemicals
b. Electrodes
c. Magnets
d. Implants

27. Pulses of electricity send magnetic fields that activate the ____ in the cerebral
cortex of the brain.
a. Neurons
b. Tissues
c. Chemicals
d. Blood

28. An electrode records the _______ of a large number of neurons in a particular region
of the brain.
a. Magnetic impulses
b. Action potential
c. Positron emission
d. Electrical activity

29. _____ maybe traced from one part of the nervous system to another, by using
electronic recording techniques.
a. Movements
b. Excitation
c. Inhibition
d. Stimulations

30. A research method that involves destroying part of the brain and evaluating the
animal’s subsequent behavior is called
a. Experimental ablation
b. Stereotaxic surgery
c. Electron microscopy
d. Magnetic resonance imagery (MRI)

31. A researcher who destroys part of a brain usually refers to the damage as a
a. Stroke
b. Brain stain
c. Neural pathway
d. Brain lesion

32. Electrical stimulation of the brain, by creating brain lesions and inserting electrodes
is usually used in
a. Animals only
b. Humans only
c. Both animals and humans
d. None of the above

33. _____ method is usually used to determine the exact location of the electrodes in
the brain.
a. Stimulation
b. Anatomical
c. Ablation
d. Clinical

34. The exact location of electrode placed in the brain or the extent of tissue damaged is
confirmed by the experimenter by ________ after the experiment.
a. Analyzing the result
b. Killing the animal
c. Further stimulation
d. Chemical analysis

35. In anatomical methods the brain is usually cut into thin slices and studied with a
_____
a. Microscope
b. CAT Scan
c. EEG
d. PET Scan

36. If a person suffers a loss after a kind of brain damage, then that area contributes in
some way to his _____
a. Habits
b. Attitudes
c. Behaviors
d. None of the above

37. In the case of brain damage in humans, the ______ is studied after the death of the
person from natural causes.
a. Body
b. Emotions
c. Behaviors
d. Brain

38. Most of the data of physiological psychology comes from the study of
a. Biological studies of humans
b. Laboratory animals
c. Theories
d. Field experiments

39. A person suffering from nervous system dysfunction can be assessed cognitively
using ______ testing.
a. Clinical
b. Personality
c. Neuro-psychological
d. Projective

40. Neuropsychological testing usually involve using a standardized _________

approach.
a. Language
b. Test – battery
c. Listening
d. Observation

UNIT –II
1. The information-processing and information-transmitting element of the nervous
system is called ___________.
a) Neuron ( )
b) Cell ( )
c) Gland ( )
d) Hormones ( )

2. Which among the following is a part of the structure of a neuron?

a) Dendrites ( )
b) Soma ( )
c) Axon ( )
d) All of the above ( )

3. Which among the following is the meaning of Dendron?

a) Rope ( )
b) Tree ( )
c) Plain ( )
d) None of the above ( )

4. The part of a neuron which is a long, slender tube, often covered by a myelin
sheath is called __________.
a) Soma ( )
b) Axon ( )
c) Dendrites ( )
d) Terminal buttons ( )

5. The interruptions that occurs at the myelin sheath is called ___________

a) Nodes of Ranvier ( )
b) Action potential ( )
c) Golgi type I ( )
d) Membrane potential ( )

6. The chemicals that is secreted by the terminal buttons is called ____________.

a) Hormones ( )
b) Neurotransmitters ( )
c) Sodium ( )
d) Potassium ( )

7. Which among the following parts of the neuron contains the nucleus and much
of the machinery that provides for the life processes of the cell.
a) Soma ( )
b) Axon ( )
c) Dendrites ( )
d) Terminal buttons ( )

8. Nerve cells with myelin sheaths conduct ___________ than nerve cells without
myelin sheaths.
a) Slower ( )
b) Faster ( )
c) No change ( )
d) None of the above ( )

9. A brief electrical/chemical event called the action potential occurs at the

___________ in the neuron.
a) Soma ( )
b) Axon ( )
c) Dendrites ( )
d) Terminal buttons ( )

10. Which among the following is the part of neuron that secretes
neurotransmitters?
a) Soma ( )
b) Axon ( )
c) Dendrites ( )
d) Terminal buttons ( )

11. Which among the following type of neuron has a two process; single axon and
one dendrite at the opposite ends of the soma.
a) Bipolar ( )
b) Unipolar ( )
c) Multipolar ( )
d) Golgi type I ( )

12. Which among the following mostly transmit sensory information from the
environment to the central nervous system?
a) Bipolar ( )
b) Unipolar ( )
c) Multipolar ( )
d) Golgi type I ( )

13. Which among the following has only one stalk which leaves the soma and divides
into two branches a short distance away.
a) Bipolar ( )
b) Unipolar ( )
c) Multipolar ( )
d) Golgi type I ( )

14. The dendrites of most ______________ neuron detect touch, temperature

changes and other sensory events that affect the skin.
a) Unipolar ( )
b) Bipolar ( )
c) Multipolar ( )
d) Golgi type II ( )

15. The most common type of neuron in the central nervous system is the
_____________neuron.
a) Unipolar ( )
b) Bipolar ( )
c) Multipolar ( )
d) Golgi type II ( )

16. Which among the following has a single axon and several short dendrites and
therefore many processes are connected to the cell body?
a) Unipolar ( )
b) Bipolar ( )
c) Multipolar ( )
d) Golgi type II ( )

17. Golgi type I and Golgi type II are the types of ______________neuron.
a) Unipolar ( )
b) Bipolar ( )
c) Multipolar ( )
d) None of the above ( )

18. ___________________has long axons having few branches and cause excitation
to some distance, as do tracts and motor nerves.
a) Golgi type I ( )
b) Golgi type II ( )
c) Bipolar neuron ( )
d) Unipolar neuron ( )

19. If the neuron’s axons are short and branch repeatedly, they are called
___________ neurons.
a) Golgi type I ( )
b) Golgi type II ( )
c) Bipolar neuron ( )
d) Unipolar neuron ( )

20. Which among the following is the type of neuron whose function is to spread
excitation to nearby neurons?
a) Golgi type I ( )
b) Golgi type II ( )
c) Bipolar neuron ( )
d) Unipolar neuron ( )

21. Which among the following is the correct difference in charge at the resting
potential?
a) 50 mV ( )
b) 60 mV ( )
c) 80 mV ( )
d) 70 mV ( )

22. The differences in the concentrations of ions on opposite sides of a

cellular membrane lead to a voltage called the ________________.
a) Membrane potential ( )
b) Action potential ( )
c) Depolarization ( )
d) Hyperpolarization ( )

23. When the resting potential is disturbed, the membrane produces a

_____________– that is, it takes away some of the electrical charge across the
membrane, reducing the membrane potential.
a) Depolarization ( )
b) Hyperpolarization ( )
c) Action potential ( )
d) None of the above ( )

24. ________________occurs when the inside of a cell membrane becomes more

negative overshooting the resting potential, for a short time.
a) Hyperpolarization ( )
b) Depolarization ( )
c) Membrane potential ( )
d) Resting potential ( )

25. ___________________is a brief electrical/chemical event that starts at the end

of the axon next to the cell body and travels toward the terminal buttons.
a) Membrane potential ( )
b) Resting potential ( )
c) Action potential ( )
d) Hyperpolarization ( )

26. _______________ refers to movement of molecules from regions of high

concentration to regions of low concentration.
a) Electrostatic pressure ( )
b) Diffusion ( )
c) NA-K Pump ( )
d) Potential ( )

27. At the __________________ there is a higher concentration of sodium on the

outside of a neuron membrane than the inside and a higher concentration of
potassium on the inside than the outside.

a) Depolarization ( )
b) Resting potential ( )
c) Action potential ( )
d) Hyperpolarization ( )

28. In a resting nerve cell membrane, all the _____________ gates are closed and
some of the potassium gates are open.

a) Sodium ( )
b) Potassium ( )

c) Calcium ( )

d) Anion ( )

29. During ________________, positively-charged sodium rushing in causes the

membrane potential to become positive (the inside of the membrane is now
positive relative to the outside).

a) Depolarization ( )
b) Resting potential ( )
c) Action potential ( )
d) Hyperpolarization ( )

30. The minimum stimulus needed to achieve an action potential is called the
a) Threshold stimulus. ( )
b) Threshold of excitation ( )
c) Threshold of potential ( )
d) All of the above ( )

31. The _______________ follows all or none law.

a) Depolarization ( )
b) Resting potential ( )
c) Action potential ( )
d) Hyperpolarization ( )

32. The _______________ are junctions between the terminal buttons at the ends of
the axonal branches of one neuron and the membrane of another.
a) Cleft ( )
b) Synapse ( )
c) Dendrite ( )
d) Diffusion ( )

33. A small gap which is about 20nm wide between the presynaptic membrane and
postsynaptic membrane is called _______________.
a) Axosomatic ( )
b) Synaptic vesicles ( )
c) Receptor ( )
d) Synaptic cleft ( )

34. The neurotransmitters are located in the ______________ just inside the
presynaptic membrane.
a) Axosomatic ( )
b) Synaptic vesicles ( )
c) Receptor ( )
d) Synaptic cleft ( )
35. Which of the following is the correct number of potential that occurs at the
postsynaptic membrane?
a) One ( )
b) Three ( )
c) Two ( )
d) Four ( )

36. Postsynaptic potentials that produces depolarization is called _____________.

a) Excitatory postsynaptic potential ( )
b) Resting potential ( )
c) Action potential ( )
d) Inhibitory postsynaptic potential( )

37. Postsynaptic potentials that produces hyperpolarization is called

_____________.
e) Excitatory postsynaptic potential ( )
f) Resting potential ( )
g) Action potential ( )
h) Inhibitory postsynaptic potential( )

38. Which among the following is the mechanism for termination of postsynaptic
potentials that involves retrieval of molecules of the neurotransmitter, from the
synaptic cleft by means of transporters located in the presynaptic membrane and
transport the molecules back into the cytoplasm?
a) Enzyme deactivation ( )
b) Reuptake ( )
c) Deactivation ( )
d) Potential ( )

39. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are produced by the opening of K+ channels or

Cl- channels, the outflow of __________ causes hyperpolarization.
a) K+ ( )
b) Na+ ( )
c) Cl- ( )
d) Anion ( )

40. The presynaptic membrane that contains receptors that detect the presence of a
neurotransmitter are called________________.
a) Autoreceptors ( )
b) Ionotropic receptors ( )
c) EPSP ( )
d) IPSP ( )
UNIT-III

1. The tough and protective connective tissue that covers the entire nervous system is
called ___________
a) Meninges ( )
b) CSF ( )
c) Ventricles ( )
d) Pons ( )

2. How many are the meninges consists of?

a) Two ( )
b) Three ( )
c) Four ( )
d) Five ( )

3. The thin and delicate layer of the meninges that is closely attached to the brain and
spinal cord is called_______________
a) Dura mater ( )
b) Arachnoid membrane ( )
c) Pia mater ( )
d) None of the above ( )

4. ________________ are a series of hollow, interconnected chambers in the brain.

a) CSF ( )
b) Meninges ( )
c) Medulla ( )
d) Ventricles ( )

5. In which of the following ventricles is the cerebrospinal fluid produced?

a) Lateral ventricles ( )
b) Third ventricles ( )
c) Fourth ventricles ( )
d) All of the above ( )

6. How many major divisions does the brain consists of?

a) Two ( )
b) Three ( )
c) Four ( )
d) Five ( )

7. Telencephalons and Diencephalons are the parts of the _____________

a) Forebrain ( )
b) Midbrain ( )
c) Hindbrain ( )
d) Spinal cord ( )

8. In which part of the brain lies the cerebral cortex, limbic system and the basal
ganglia?
a) Telencephalon ( )
b) Diencephalon ( )
c) Mesencephalon ( )
d) Metencephalon ( )

9. The part of the brain that divides the frontal lobes from the rest of the other lobes is
called the _____________
a) Central sulcus ( )
b) Sylvian fissure ( )
c) White matter ( )
d) Gray matter ( )

10. Which of the following deals specifically with movement and planning of
movement?
a) Parietal lobe ( )
b) Temporal lobe ( )
c) Occipital lobe ( )
d) Frontal lobe ( )

11. Which part of the brain is involved in emotion, motivation and learning?
a) Frontal lobe ( )
b) Limbic system ( )
c) Pons ( )
d) Thalamus ( )

12. The caudate nucleus, the putamen and the globus pallidus are parts of the
___________
a) Limbic system ( )
b) Basal ganglia ( )
c) Thalamus ( )
d) Hypothalamus ( )

13. Which part of the brain controls the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system
and organizes behaviour related to the survival of the species?
a) Basal ganglia ( )
b) Medulla ( )
c) Thalamus ( )
d) Hypothalamus ( )

14. Which of the following directs information to and from the cerebral cortex.
a) Thalamus ( )
b) Amygdala ( )
c) Hypothalamus ( )
d) Hippocampus ( )

15. The thalamus and the hypothalamus are part of the ____________
a) Telencephalon ( )
b) Mesencephalon ( )
c) Diencephalon ( )
d) Metencephalon ( )

16. The tectum and the tegmentum are parts of the _____________
a) Forebrain ( )
b) Midbrain ( )
c) Hindbrain ( )
d) None of the above ( )

17. Which of the following is main function of the superior colliculi of the midbrain?
a) Visual system ( )
b) Auditory system ( )
c) Olfactory system ( )
d) Gustatory system ( )

18. Which of the following is main function of the inferior colliculi of the midbrain?
a) Visual system ( )
b) Auditory system ( )
c) Olfactory system ( )
d) Gustatory system ( )

19. Which of the following is important in sleep, arousal, and movement?

a) Periaqueductal gray matter ( )
b) Reticular formation ( )
c) Substantia nigra ( )
d) Red nucleus ( )

20. ___________ is a large bulge in the brainstem that lies between the mesencepalon and
medulla oblongata.
a) Pons ( )
b) Cerebellum ( )
c) Reticular activating system ( )
d) Thalamus ( )

21. Which part of the hindbrain plays an important role in the control of movements and
in control of vital functions such as heart rate, breathing and blood pressure?
a) Pons ( )
b) Medulla oblongata ( )
c) Cerebellum ( )
d) All of the above ( )

22. Which part of the brain is also called ‘little brain’?

a) Cerebellum ( )
b) Pons ( )
c) Medulla oblongata ( )
d) Thalamus ( )

23. _______________ is a long, conical structure, approximately as thick as an adult’s

little finger.
a) Cerebellum ( )
b) Medulla oblongata ( )
c) Reticular formation ( )
d) Spinal cord ( )

24. The principal function of the ____________is to distribute motor fibers to the
effectors organs of the body (glands and muscles) and to collect somatosensory
information to be passed on to the brain.
a) Somatic nervous system ( )
b) Midbrain ( )
c) Hindbrain ( )
d) Spinal cord ( )

25. How many individual vertebrae does the spinal cord have?
a) 22 ( )
b) 24 ( )
c) 26 ( )
d) 28 ( )

26. The part of the vertebrae which lies in the chest area is called the __________ region.
a) Thoracic ( )
b) Cervical ( )
c) Lumbar ( )
d) Sacral ( )

27. The part of the vertebrae which lies in the lower back area is called the __________
region.
a) Thoracic ( )
b) Cervical ( )
c) Lumbar ( )
d) Sacral ( )

28. The sacral and coccygeal portion of the vertebral column of the spinal cord lies in the
____________ region.
a) Chest ( )
b) Neck ( )
c) Lower back ( )
d) Pelvic ( )

29. In the ____________, the white matter is on the outside and the gray matter is on the
inside.
a) Brain ( )
b) Spinal cord ( )
c) Somatic nervous system ( )
d) Autonomic nervous system ( )

30. Which of the following are the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves a part of?
a) Somatic nervous system ( )
b) Sympathetic nervous system ( )
c) Parasympathetic nervous system ( )
d) None of the above ( )

31. The _______________ communicate with the rest of the body via the cranial nerves
and the spinal nerves.
a) Nervous system ( )
b) Somatic nervous system ( )
c) Sympathetic nervous system ( )
d) Parasympathetic nervous system ( )

32. The __________________ receives sensory information from the sensory organs and
controls the movement of skeletal muscles.
a) Spinal nerves ( )
b) Somatic nervous system ( )
c) Cranial nerves ( )
d) Parasympathetic nervous system ( )

33. Which of the following is the correct number of pairs of cranial nerves that are
attached to the ventral surface of the brain?
a) 10 ( )
b) 22 ( )
c) 12 ( )
d) 32 ( )

34. Most of the __________ nerves serve sensory and motor functions of the head and
neck region.
a) Cranial nerves ( )
b) Spinal nerves ( )
c) Afferent nerves ( )
d) Efferent nerves ( )

35. The portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movement of skeletal
muscles is __________
a) Autonomic nervous system ( )
b) Sympathetic ganglia ( )
c) Somatic nervous system ( )
d) Thalamus ( )

36. Which of the following is concerned with regulation of smooth muscles, cardiac
muscles and glands in the body?
a) Spinal cord ( )
b) Somatic nervous system ( )
c) Brain ( )
d) Autonomic nervous system ( )
37. Which part of the nervous system is mostly involved in activities associated with
expenditure of energy reserves that are stored in the body.
a) Sympathetic nervous system ( )
b) Parasympathetic nervous system ( )
c) Somatic nervous system ( )
d) All of the above ( )

38. When an organism is excited, the sympathetic nervous system increases blood flow to
skeletal muscles, stimulating the secretion of ________________
a) Epinephrine ( )
b) Norepinephrine ( )
c) Cortisol ( )
d) Melatonin ( )

39. The stimulation of ___________ results in the increased of heart rate, increased blood
sugar level and causes piloerection.
a) Norepinephrine ( )
b) Epinephrine ( )
c) Thyroxin ( )
d) None of the above ( )

40. Which of the following supports activities that are involved in the body’s supply of stored
energy?
a) Parasympathetic nervous system( )
b) Sympathetic nervous system ( )
c) Somatic nervous system ( )
d) Skeletal nervous system ( )

UNIT - IV
1. Endocrine glands secrete their chemicals into _______________
a) Bloodstream ( )
b) Ducts ( )
c) Receptors ( )
d) None of the above ( )

2. In which of the following are hormones synthesized?

a) Duct glands ( )
b) Ductless glands ( )
c) Circulatory system ( )
d) Blood ( )

3. Which of the following gland lies near the hypothalamus?

a) Pituitary gland ( )
b) Adrenal gland ( )
c) Thymus ( )
d) Pineal gland ( )
4. Which among the following is also called the master gland?
a) Adrenal gland ( )
b) Pituitary gland ( )
c) Thyroid gland ( )
d) Gonads ( )

5. Which among the following is a hormones secreted by posterior pituitary gland?

a) Prolactin ( )
b) Growth hormone ( )
c) Oxytocin ( )
d) Thyroxin ( )

6. _________________ hormone stimulate the follicles of the ovary to rupture and

release their eggs.
a) Growth hormone ( )
b) Follicle Stimulating hormone ( )
c) Prolactin ( )
d) Luteinizing hormone ( )

7. Which among the following is the hormone that affects the size of the thyroid gland?
a) Thyroxin ( )
b) Growth hormone ( )
c) Thyroid stimulating hormone ( )
d) Vasopressin ( )

8. Which among the following inhibits growth and results in pituitary dwarf or midget.
a) Hyposecretion of somatotropic hormone ( )
b) Hypersecretion of somatotropic hormone ( )
c) Hyposecretion of luteinizing hormone ( )
d) Hypersecretion of thyroxin ( )

9. Which among the following is a hormone that increases the blood pressure by causing
blood vessels to contract and also inhibits the formation of urine.
a) Oxytocin ( )
b) Vasopressin ( )
c) Endorphins ( )
d) Cortisol ( )

10. As a part of the “fight or flight” reaction to threat, which of the following gland
secretes hormones?
a) Adrenal medulla ( )
b) Adrenal cortex ( )
c) Thyroid gland ( )
d) Pancreas ( )

11. Which among the following is the hormone that increase the level of blood glucose
and accelerate the breakdown of proteins?
a) Thyroxin ( )
b) Melatonin ( )
c) Cortisol ( )
d) Insulin ( )

12. Which among the following is a hormone secreted by thyroid gland?

a) Cortisol ( )
b) Thyroxin ( )
c) Melatonin ( )
d) Estrogens ( )

13. Which of the following hormones prepare the body for action, raising heart rate and
respiration, among other things?
a) Cortisol ( )
b) Androgens ( )
c) Oxytocin ( )
d) Epinephrine ( )

14. Normal secretions of the ______________ are associated with good health (growth
and metabolism).
a) Adrenal gland ( )
b) Thymus ( )
c) Thyroid gland ( )
d) None of the above ( )

15. Which among the following causes the symptoms of depression and cognitive
impairment?
a) Hyperthyroidism ( )
b) Hypothyroidism ( )
c) Diabetes ( )
d) Hypertension ( )

16. Goiter is formed when people suffer from _________________

a) Hypothyroidism ( )
b) Hyperthyroidism ( )
c) Low blood pressure ( )
d) High blood pressure ( )

17. Which among the following is the causal factor of a condition called cretinism?
a) Hypothyroidism ( )
b) Hyperthyroidism ( )
c) Parathyroid deficiency ( )
d) All of the above ( )

18. _______________ deficiency results in calcium deposition in the basal ganglia and
leads to symptoms that resemble schizophrenia.
a) Thyroid ( )
b) Parathyroid ( )
c) Insulin ( )
d) Prolactin ( )

19. Which of the following results in Cushing’s syndrome, a constellation of symptoms

that includes fatigue, depression, hirsutism and various autonomic changes?
a) Excess of glucocorticoids ( )
b) Deficiency of glucocorticoids ( )
c) Excess of thyroxin ( )
d) Less thyroxin ( )

20. Which among the following hormone acts on the kidneys to retain sodium and thus
reduces the amount of urine produced, conserving water.
a) Testosterone ( )
b) Aldosterone ( )
c) Cortisol ( )
d) Glucocorticoids ( )

21. Which of the following gland is important for calcium regulation in the body?
a) Thyroid gland ( )
b) Pancreas ( )
c) Thymus ( )
d) Parathyroid gland ( )

22. ________________ produce hormones required for gamete development and the
development of secondary sexual characteristics.
a) Adrenal gland ( )
b) Pituitary gland ( )
c) Thyroid gland ( )
d) Gonads ( )

23. Testosterone and other male hormones are called ____________

a) Androgens ( )
b) Estrogens ( )
c) Sperm ( )
d) Progestin ( )

24. Which of the following hormone controls a wide range of bodily changes in man that
become visible at puberty, including changes in voice, hair growth, and genital size?
a) Estrogens ( )
b) Testosterone ( )
c) Progestin ( )
d) Melatonin ( )

25. Which of the following hormone helps to maintain pregnancy?

a) Progestin ( )
b) Prolactin ( )
c) Estrogens ( )
d) None of the above ( )

26. In males, ____________________ govern sperm production.

a) Luteinizing hormone ( )
b) Prolactin ( )
c) Growth hormone ( )
d) Follicle stimulating hormone ( )
27. In males, _________________ stimulates the testes to produce testosterone.
a) Luteinizing hormone ( )
b) Prolactin ( )
c) Growth hormone ( )
d) Follicle stimulating hormone ( )

28. Which of the following hormone promotes lactation in female mammals?

a) Prolactin ( )
b) Progestin ( )
c) Cortisol ( )
d) Melatonin ( )

29. Which of the following is also called somatotropic hormone?

a) Luteinizing hormone ( )
b) Insulin ( )
c) Growth hormone ( )
d) Endorphin ( )

30. Which among the following is the hormone that stimulates the liver to produce blood
glucose?
a) Alpha cells ( )
b) Beta cells ( )
c) Insulin ( )
d) Glucagon ( )

31. Which among the following is the hormone that inhibits the liver in either making or
releasing blood glucose?
a) Insulin ( )
b) Glucagon ( )
c) Oxytocin ( )
d) Thyroxin ( )

32. Which of the following is the cause of diabetes mellitus?

a) Hyposecretion of insulin ( )
b) Hypersecretion of insulin ( )
c) Hyposecretion of cortisol ( )
d) Hypersecretion of thyroxin ( )

33. Hypersecretion of insulin can result in a condition called ______________

a) Diabetes ( )
b) Hypoglycemia ( )
c) Cretinism ( )
d) Cushing’s syndrome ( )

34. Insulin shock convulsions can result because of ______________

a) Low blood glucose level ( )
b) High blood glucose level ( )
c) High blood pressure ( )
d) Low blood pressure ( )
35. Which of the following is the hormone that plays an important role in our biological
rhythms, especially the timing of sleep onset?
a) Insulin ( )
b) Prolactin ( )
c) Thyroxin ( )
d) Melatonin ( )

36. Which of the following hormone control breeding condition in many seasonally
breeding mammals?
a) Cortisol ( )
b) Oxytocin ( )
c) Melatonin ( )
d) None of the above ( )

37. _____________ is the hormone secreted by the pineal gland.

a) Melatonin ( )
b) Insulin ( )
c) Thyroxin ( )
d) Vasopressin ( )

38. The melatonin released by the ____________ suppresses or inhibits the activity of the
gonads and therefore affects sexual behavior.
a) Thyroid gland ( )
b) Thymus ( )
c) Pineal gland ( )
d) Gonads ( )
39. Which among the following is found to be the primary source of lymphocytes?
a) Thymus ( )
b) Pineal gland ( )
c) Thyroid gland ( )
d) Adrenal gland ( )

40. Which of the following support the body’s immune response?

a) Thyroid gland ( )
b) Thymus ( )
c) Pineal gland ( )
d) Pituitary gland ( )

UNIT – V
1. According to the________________theory, the feeling aspect of an emotion results
from feedback from actions of the muscles and organs.
a) James-Lange ( )
b) Cannon-Bard ( )
c) Schachter-Singer ( )
d) None of the above ( )
2. ___________________activity is viewed as a major component of the emotion
response in many recent theories of emotion.
a) Spinal cord ( )
b) Somatic nervous system ( )
c) Autonomic nervous system ( )
d) Hormones ( )

3. Which among the following has discovered that it was still possible to experience
emotion even if the brain was excised from the signals of bodily responses?
a) William James ( )
b) Phillip Bard ( )
c) Walter Cannon ( )
d) Carl Lange ( )

4. Rage and fear are accompanied by diffuse sympathetic discharge, reinforced by

hormones from the _____________.
a) Adrenal medulla ( )
b) Adrenal cortex ( )
c) Pituitary gland ( )
d) Thyroid gland ( )

5. Which of the following ___________ raises the blood pressure by cardio-

acceleration, i.e., increasing the beating of the heart?
a) Cortisol ( )
b) Thyroxin ( )
c) Testosterone ( )
d) Epinephrine ( )

6. Which among the following raises the blood pressure by constricting the blood
vessels leading to the skin and viscera?
a) Norepinephrine ( )
b) Epinephrine ( )
c) Adrenaline ( )
d) Cortisol ( )

7. It appears that more __________is released in fear reactions.

a) Cortisol ( )
b) Testosterone ( )
c) Epinephrine ( )
d) Norepinephrine ( )

8. Which among the following is released in greater amount in anger reactions?

a) Norepinephrine ( )
b) Epinephrine ( )
c) Adrenaline ( )
d) Cortisol ( )

9. _______________stimulation lowers the blood pressure more in fear than in anger

because it slows the heart rate and combats the effect of epinephrine more directly.
a) Sympathetic ( )
b) Hippocampal ( )
c) Amygdala ( )
d) Parasympathetic ( )

10. In man, depression which is often considered as self-directed anger, like anxiety or
fear, is accompanied by a high __________output.
a) Cortisol ( )
b) Thyroxin ( )
c) Epinephrine ( )
d) Norepinephrine ( )

11. The pathways that provided the connections necessary for cortical control of
emotional expression is known as the _____________
a) CSF ( )
b) Papez circuit ( )
c) Hypothalamus axis ( )
d) None of the above ( )

12. Which among the following plays a major role in the experience and expression of
emotion?
a) Hippocampus ( )
b) Occipital lobe ( )
c) Hypothalamus ( )
d) Amygdala ( )

13. Which among the following is the causal factor for Kluver-Bucy syndrome where the
main symptoms include visual agnosia, hypersexuality, hyperactivity and marked
changes in emotional behavior?
a) Lesions in the temporal lobe( )
b) Lesions in the hippocampus ( )
c) Lesions in the parietal lobe ( )
d) Lesions in the basal ganglia ( )

14. Which among the following is the site where learning about fearful stimuli occurs?
a) Hippocampus ( )
b) Amygdala ( )
c) Basal ganglia ( )
d) Reticular formation ( )

15. Activity of the_______________, especially of frontal and temporal lobes, relates to

what is called the behavioral activation system (BAS), marked by low to moderate
autonomic arousal and a tendency to approach, which could characterize happiness or
anger.
a) Left hemisphere ( )
b) Right hemisphere ( )
c) Both hemispheres ( )
d) All of the above ( )
16. Increased activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the ____________ is associated
with the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which increases attention and arousal,
inhibits action, and stimulates emotions such as fear and disgust.
a) Left hemisphere ( )
b) Right hemisphere ( )
c) Both hemispheres ( )
d) All of the above ( )

17. On the average, people with greater activity in the __________of the left hemisphere
tend to be happier, more outgoing, and more fun-loving.
a) Frontal cortex ( )
b) Parietal lobe ( )
c) Occipital lobe ( )
d) All of the above ( )

18. People with greater _____________ activity tend to be socially withdrawn, less
satisfied with life, and prone to unpleasant emotions.
a) Left hemisphere ( )
b) Right hemisphere ( )
c) Both hemispheres ( )
d) All of the above ( )

19. Activation of the frontal and temporal areas of the ___________is associated with
approach and the behavioural activation system.
a) Left hemisphere ( )
b) Right hemisphere ( )
c) Both hemispheres ( )
d) All of the above ( )

20. The part of the brain that involves in moral decision making is the ____________.
a) Prefrontal cortex ( )
b) Parietal lobe ( )
c) Occipital lobe ( )
d) None of the above ( )

21. Information that are stressful or emotionally exciting experiences increase the
secretion of epinephrine and __________.
a) Norepinephrine ( )
b) Cortisol ( )
c) Thyroxin ( )
d) Melatonin ( )

22. Which among the following is important for memory storage?

a) Basal ganglia ( )
b) Hippocampus ( )
c) Thalamus ( )
d) Prefrontal cortex ( )

23. When there is prolonged stress, even more ___________is being released which
impairs memory.
a) Epinephrine ( )
b) Adrenaline ( )
c) Norepinephrine ( )
d) Cortisol ( )

24. The part of the brain that is most important for the working memory is the
____________.
a) Frontal lobe ( )
b) Prefrontal cortex ( )
c) Thalamus ( )
d) Cerebellum ( )

25. Which among the following shows a decline in activity in older humans with
declining memory?
a) Parietal lobe ( )
b) Prefrontal cortex ( )
c) Hippocampus ( )
d) Cerebellum ( )

26. Increased activity in the _____________during delayed response task helps store the
memory.
a) Frontal lobe ( )
b) Parietal lobe ( )
c) Temporal lobe ( )
d) Prefrontal cortex ( )

27. The inability to form new memories after the brain damage occurred is called
____________
a) Anterograde amnesia ( )
b) Retrograde amnesia ( )
c) Korsakoff syndrome ( )
d) Senile dementia ( )

28. Loss of memory for events before the brain damage is called ___________
a) Anterograde amnesia ( )
b) Retrograde amnesia ( )
c) Korsakoff syndrome ( )
d) Senile dementia ( )

29. The ability to put a memory into words (things you know that you can tell others) is
called ___________
a) Implicit memory ( )
b) Explicit memory ( )
c) Declarative memory ( )
d) Procedural memory ( )

30. The ability to develop motor skills (remembering or learning how to do things) is
called
a) Implicit memory ( )
b) Explicit memory ( )
c) Declarative memory ( )
d) Procedural memory ( )

31. Which part of patient H.M.’s brain was removed, the result of which caused him to
have anterograde amnesia?
a) Hippocampus ( )
b) Amygdala ( )
c) Hypothalamus ( )
d) Pons ( )

32. Which among the following parts of the brain is important for declarative memory?
a) Basal ganglia ( )
b) Medulla oblongata ( )
c) Hippocampus ( )
d) Substantia nigra ( )

33. Which among the following parts of the brain is important for spatial memory?
a) Hippocampus ( )
b) Amygdala ( )
c) Thalamus ( )
d) Hypothalamus ( )

34. The process of strengthening short-term memories into long-term memories is

called___________.
a) Sensory register ( )
b) Consolidation ( )
c) Rehearsal ( )
d) None of the above ( )

35. Which among the following is important for the process of consolidation?
a) Amygdala ( )
b) Prefrontal cortex ( )
c) Hippocampus ( )
d) All of the above ( )

36. The disease that results in the progressive loss of memory in old age is
called___________.
a) Korsakoff syndrome ( )
b) Sham rage ( )
c) Kluver-Bucy syndrome ( )
d) Alzheimer’s disease ( )

37. Which among the following is important for gradual learning?

a) Basal ganglia ( )
b) Amygdala ( )
c) Hypothalamus ( )
d) None of the above ( )

38. In people with ______________damage, that process of associating one piece of

information with another is impaired.
a) Parietal lobe ( )
b) Hippocampus ( )
c) Thalamus ( )
d) Frontal lobe ( )

39. People with damage in the anterior and inferior regions of the ____________suffer
semantic dementia, a loss of semantic memory.
a) Frontal lobe ( )
b) Parietal lobe ( )
c) Temporal lobe ( )
d) Occipital lobe ( )

40. Which among the following parts of the brain is important for learning about rewards
and punishments?
a) Prefrontal cortex ( )
b) Temporal lobe ( )
c) Parietal lobe ( )
d) None of the above ( )

PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Fill in the blanks

UNIT – I

1. _________ psychology is psychology because it attempts to explain and predict

behavior. (Physiological)

2. Physiological psychology predicts _______ by using knowledge of how the organs

and systems of the body work.
(Behavior)
3. The goal of the physiological psychologist is to ______________ rather than the
systems of the body.
(understand behavior)

4. Research in physiological psychology necessarily involves the use of laboratory

______.
(animals)

5. ______ theory of evolution, helps physiological psychologists discover the

relations between the brain mechanisms, behavior and adaptation to
environment.
(Darwin’s)
6. ______ is the brain’s capacity to reorganize itself by forming new neural
connections throughout life.
(neuroplasticity)

7. Ischemia, is a common type of ____, that results in the clot of blood in the brain.
(stroke)

8. Neurons deprived of blood lose much of their ______ and glucose supplies.
(oxygen)

9. When undamaged axons grow new nerve endings to reconnect those neurons
whose links have been damaged, they are called ______.
(axonal sprouting)

10. Neuroplasticity is also called _________

(brain plasticity or brain malleability)

11. The removal or destruction of a portion of the brain of a laboratory animal is

called ____
(ablation)

12. Clues about the function of the neural structure can be obtained by stimulating it
_____.
(electrically)

13. Electrical stimulation of the brain is usually done on _____.

(animals)

14. In electrical ___, small electrical current pulses are used, since they resemble
most closely the impulses initiated by sense organs in nerves going to the brain
(stimulation)

15. _______ may be implanted in the nerves or brain to record the electrical activity
of nerve impulses travelling from place to place in the nerves and brain.
(electrodes)

16. _______ method is used to confirm where the electrodes were placed or
determine which part of the brain was destroyed during ablation.
(anatomical)

17. The _____ may be cut into thin slices and studied with a microscope to show the
position of the electrodes.
(brain)

18. Results obtained from experiments of laboratory animals can sometimes be not
applicable to _____.
(man)
19. We can study ________ changes in man, after accidental brain damage or brain
surgery.
(behavioral)

20. ______ Tests are used to examine patients suspected of suffering from some sort
of nervous system dysfunction.
(Neuro-psychological)

UNIT II

1. The _______________ is the information-processing and information-

transmitting element of the nervous system. (neuron or nerve cell)
2. The ________________contains the nucleus and much of the machinery that
provides for the life processes of the cell. (soma or the cell body)
3. The axon is a long, slender tube, often covered by a___________, which is a fatty
covering. (myelin sheath)
4. Nerve cells with myelin sheaths conduct _________than nerve cells without
myelin sheaths. (faster)
5. Most axons divide and branch many times and at the end of the twigs are found
little knobs called ______________. (terminal buttons)
6. The neuron that has a single axon and one dendrite at the opposite ends of the
soma are called ___________ neuron. (Bipolar)
7. ____________ neuron has only one stalk which leaves the soma and divides into
two branches a short distance away. (Unipolar)
8. The most common type of neuron in the central nervous system is the
_____________ neuron. (multipolar)
9. Multipolar neurons that cause excitation to some distance, with long axons
having few branches are called ______________ neurons. (Golgi type I)
10. Multipolar neurons whose axons are short and branch repeatedly and whose
function is to spread excitation to nearby neurons are called _____________
neurons. (Golgi type II)
11. An __________________is a brief electrical/chemical event that starts at the end
of the axon next to the cell body and travels toward the terminal buttons. (action
potential)
12. The axon carried information from the cell body to the terminal buttons. The
basic message it carries is called ____________ (action potential)
13. This electrical change across the membrane, when the membrane is at rest is
called______________. (resting potential)
14. After the action potential, the membrane potential quickly returns to normal, but
first it overshoots the resting potential, becoming _________________ for a
short time. (hyperpolarized)
15. The whole process of the action potential takes about ____________ .(2msec)
16. The voltage level that triggers an action potential is called the
___________________. (threshold of excitation)
17. in a resting nerve cell membrane, all the _____________gates are closed and
some of the potassium gates are open. (sodium)
18. _________________are junctions between the terminal buttons at the ends of
the axonal branches of one neuron and the membrane of another. (Synapse)
19. Terminal buttons have a special function: when an action potential traveling
down the axon reaches them, they secrete a chemical called a
_________________. (neurotransmitter)
20. Postsynaptic potentials can be either depolarizing (excitatory) or
__________________. (hyperpolarizing (inhibitory)

UNIT – III
1. The thick, tough, and flexible but unstretchable layer of the meninges is called the
_________. (Dura mater)
2. The protective sheaths around the brain and the spinal cord are referred to as
________. (Meninges)
3. The central nervous system is filled with a fluid called the ______________.
(Cerebrospinal fluid)
4. Between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane of the meninges there is a gap
called the________________. (Subarachnoid space)
5. The brain and the spinal cord are part of the _____________. (Central nervous
system)
6. The ___________ of the cerebral cortex is located on the side of the cerebral
hemisphere, just behind the sulcus. (Parietal lobe)
7. The limbic cortex, __________ and the amygdala are involved in emotion, motivation
and learning. (Hippocampus)
8. The main function of the _____________is in the control of movement. (Basal
ganglia).
9. The ____________controls the functions relating to the survival of species.
(Hypothalamus)
10. The cerebellum and pons consists of the ___________. (Metencephalon)
11. The most caudal portion of the brainstem is the _____________. (Medulla
Oblongata)
12. The principal function of the ____________ is to distribute motor fibers to the
effectors organs of the body (glands and muscles) and to collect somatosensory
information to be passed on to the brain. (Spinal cord)
13. The _______________ consists of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic
nervous system. (Peripheral nervous system)
14. The somatic nervous system controls the movement of the ____________. (Skeletal
muscles)
15. The _______________ begin at the junction of the dorsal and ventral roots of the
spinal cord. (Spinal nerves)
16. There are ______ pairs of cranial nerves. (12)
17. The ____________ nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are the
divisions of the autonomic nervous system. (Sympathetic nervous system)
18. The sympathetic nervous system __________ blood flow to the skeletal muscles.
(Increases)
19. The ___________ nervous system supports activities that are involved in the body’s
supply of stored energy. (Parasympathetic)
20. The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the secretion of __________.
(Epinephrine)

UNIT - IV

1. ______________ is also called the master gland in the body. (Pituitary gland)
2. ______________are chemical messengers secreted by one group of cells and carried
through the bloodstream to other parts of the body. (Hormones)
3. Many hormones are produced by __________ glands. (Endocrine glands)
4. Oxytocin and vasopressin are the two principal hormones of the __________
pituitary gland. (Posterior)
5. The posterior part of the pituitary gland is called the __________.
(Neurohypophysis)
6. The hormone ____________is involved in many aspects of reproductive and parental
behaviour including the stimulation of contractions of the uterus in childbirth.
(Oxytocin)
7. The hormone _________controls the production and release of hormones of the
adrenal cortex. (Adrenocorticotropic hormone or ACTH)
8. The hormone _____________ is released almost exclusively during sleep. (Growth
hormone)
9. Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) are the hormones
secreted by the _____________. (Adrenal medulla)
10. Prolonged stress causes the enlargement of the ___________ gland. (Adrenal gland)
11. ________________ causes the acceleration of the heart rate and raises blood
pressure. (Epinephrine)
12. Hyposecretion of ____________ by the beta cells of the pancreas causes diabetes
mellitus. (insulin)
13. ______________ of insulin causes hypoglycemia. (Insulin)
14. The male reproductive hormones are called _____________. (Androgens)
15. The birth control pills imitate the action of _____________ and progesterone and
are taken to prevent pregnancy. (Estrogens)
16. Hypersecretion of ______________________ before puberty can result in pituitary
giant. (Somatotropic hormone or STH)
17. If hypothyroidism develops in early or during childhood, it causes symptoms called
________________. (Cretinism)
18. Adult hypothyroidism is called _______________. (Myxedema)
19. The _____________ is a small pea-shaped structure found on top of the posterior
part of the third ventricle of the brain. (Pineal gland)
20. The hormone ____________ has effects on the skin pigmentation. (Melatonin)

UNIT – V
1. According to William James (1894), emotions has three components: __________,
actions and feelings. (Cognition)
2. Emotional situations arouse the____________________, which has two branches- the
sympathetic and the parasympathetic. (Autonomic nervous system)
3. The most obvious signs of emotional arousal involve changes in the activity of the
_____________motor (autonomic) system. (visceral)
4. The activity of the ____________division of the visceral motor system prepares the
animal to fully utilize metabolic and other resources in challenging or threatening
situations. (sympathetic)
5. The activity of the ______________division (and the enteric division) promotes a
building up of metabolic reserves. (parasympathetic)
6. _________________raises the blood pressure by cardioacceleration, i.e., increasing
the beating of the heart. (Epinephrine)
7. ________________raises the blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels leading
to the skin and viscera. (norepinephrine)
8. More _________________is released in fear reactions. (epinephrine)
9. The part of the brain that is affected in a behavior called sham rage is
______________. (Hypothalamus)
10. Impulsive behaviour and poor decision making are two common symptoms of
_____________ damage. (prefrontal)
11. Information that are stressful or emotionally exciting experiences increase the
secretion of_______________ and cortisol. (epinephrine or adrenaline)
12. _______________ refers to the way we store information while we are working with
it. (working memory).
13. Older humans with declining memory show declining activity in the
_________(prefrontal cortex)
14. The ability to put a memory into words (things you know that you can tell others) is
called ____________memory. (Declarative)
15. Evidence suggests that the ____________is important for “consolidation” of
memories. (hippocampus)
16. The _____________ is important for declarative memory. (hippocampus)
17. Learning that occurs after repeated experiences or what is called gradual learning
depends on the ____________. (basal ganglia)
18. Parts of the _______________are important for learning about rewards and
punishments. (prefrontal cortex)
19. For procedural memory, the ___________is more important than the
hippocampus. (Basal ganglia)
20. In semantic dementia, there is damage to the parts of the ____________lobe.
(Temporal)