Questions Per Topic

Course Name: Integrated Science

Course Code: SCI30

Grade: 8

Term 1

Periods per 7
week

Topic 1 Thermal Energy

1. Which of the following would decrease a metal’s thermal energy?

A. Heating the metal

B. Increasing the kinetic energy of the particles that make up the material
C. Increasing the temperature of the material
√ D. Moving the material to a location where the temperature is lower

2. A silver spoon is placed in a ceramic cup of hot tea for some time. Why does the spoon feel hotter than
the outside of the cup?

A. The cup is better conductor than the spoon

B. The cup has a lower specific heat than the spoon
√ C. The spoon transfer thermal energy better than the cup does
D. The spoon is a good thermal insulator

3. Which statement about radiation is correct?

In solids, radiation transfers electromagnetic energy, but not thermal

A.
energy
Cooler objects radiate the same amount of thermal energy as warmer
B.
objects
Radiation occurs in fluids such as gas and water, but not in solids such
C.
as metals
√ D. Radiation transfer thermal energy from Sun to Earth

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4. In the picture below, thermal energy moves from the ___________________________________.

√ A. coffee cup to the environment

B. environment to the coffee cup
C. handle to the coffee
D. air to the coffee

5. Which energy conversion typically occurs in a heating appliance?

A. Chemical energy to thermal energy

√ B. Electric energy to thermal energy
C. Thermal energy to chemical energy
D. Thermal energy to mechanical energy

6. Which of the following increases the kinetic energy of the particles that make up a covered cup of
coffee?

A. Open the cup cover

B. Put the cup in the fridge
√ C. Heat the cup in the heater
D. Divide the coffee into two cups

7. __________ is the movement of thermal energy from a material or area with a higher temperature to a
material or area with a lower temperature.

√ A. Heat
B. Kinetic energy
C. Potential energy
D. Temperature

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8. When a material has a ___________ specific heat, giving a small amount of energy to the material
increases its temperature significantly

A. negative
B. zero
√ C. low
D. high

9. A ___________________ contains two different metals in a bimetallic coil.

A. lamp
√ B. thermostat
C. mercury thermometer
D. remote control

10. A(n) __________________ is an example of a device that moves thermal energy from the inside to
the outside surrounding.

√ A. refrigerator
B. electric heater
C. stove
D. recycle bin

11. Which of the following is NOT a property of metals?

A. Have a shiny surface

√ B. Have very low melting and boiling points
C. Good conductors of electricity
D. Malleable and ductile

12. Which of the following are true about the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

I. Kinetic energy depends on the mass and speed of an object.

II. Potential energy only depends on mass.
III. Kinetic energy is due to the motion of the substance.
IV. Potential energy is a stored energy.

A. I and II only
B. I, II and III only
√ C. I, III and IV only
D. III and IV only

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13. This refers to the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material.

√ A. Temperature
B. Heat
C. Potential energy
D. Thermal energy

14. Metals like copper tend to have low specific heat. What does it mean if a substance has a low specific
heat?

√ A. It needs to absorb less thermal energy to change its temperature.

B. It needs to absorb more thermal energy to change its temperature.
C. It needs less thermal energy to balance its temperature.
D. It needs more heat to decrease its temperature.

15. During transformation of energy, the total energy of the system ___________________.

A. increases
√ B. stays the same
C. double
D. decreases

16. The _____________________ is device that regulates the temperature of a system or an appliance.

A. calorimeter
B. combustion engine
C. thermometer
√ D. thermostat

17. What increases the kinetic energy of the particles of chocolate milk when making a chocolate milk
cup?

A. Adding some cold milk to the cup

B. Putting more milk powder into the cup
Heating the milk for 30 𝑠 in a
√ C.
microwave
D. Placing the cup in a refrigerator

18. This refers to the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy in in all particles of a material.

A. Temperature
B. Kinetic energy
C. Potential energy
√ D. Thermal energy

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19. Water has a very high specific heat. What does it mean if a substance has a high specific heat?

A. It needs less thermal energy to change its temperature

√ B. It needs to absorb more thermal energy to change its temperature
C. It can’t hold thermal energy for a while

D. It needs more heat to decrease its temperature

20. Which sequence describes the energy transformation in a car’s combustion engine?

A. Chemical mechanical thermal

√ B.
Chemical thermal mechanical
C.
Thermal kinetic potential

D. Thermal mechanical potential

21. Which of the following best describes the figure below?

A. Heat flows by convection from the hot cocoa into and up to the spoon

√ B. Heat flows by conduction from the hot cocoa into and up the spoon
C. Heat is lost to the surrounding air so the spoon gains the heat by radiation
D. Heat escape to the surrounding through conduction

22. A form of energy that moves from a hot to a cold object is known as ______ energy.

√ A. heat
B. thermal
C. chemical
D. potential

23. What type of heat transfer occurs when the Sun warms your face?

A. Convection
B. Conduction
√ C. Radiation
D. Evaporation

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24. In a thermostat’s coil, what causes the two metals in the strip to curl and uncurl?

A. They contract at the same rate when cooled

√ B. They expand at different rates when heated
C. They have the same specific heat
D. They melt at different temperatures

25. Which statement describes the thermal energy of an object?

√ A. Kinetic energy of particle + potential energy of particles

B. Kinetic energy of particle + number of particles
C. Potential energy of particle + number of particles
D. Potential energy of particle

26. In which way does the operation of a refrigerator differ from that of a heat engine?

A. A refrigerator uses heat to do work, while a heat engine does

work to transfer energy by heat
√ B. A heat engine uses heat to do work, while a refrigerator does
work to transfer energy by heat

C. A heat engine absorbs energy, while a refrigerator releases it

D. There is no difference in the operation of the two machines

27. Which of the following is NOT one of the four steps in the cycle of an internal combustion engine?

A. Intake stroke
B. Power stroke
√ C. Forward stroke
D. Compression stroke

28. Which is the lowest temperature?

A. 0℃
√ B. 0℉
C. 32 ℉
D. 273 𝐾

29. Which of the following processes transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?

A. Convection
√ B. Conduction
C. Radiation
D. Evaporation

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30. Which of the following best describes the function of a thermostat?

A. Measures temperature
B. Increases temperature
C. Decreases temperature
√ D. Regulates temperature

31. Air conditioners and refrigerators are similar as they both transfer __________.

A. chemical energy from the inside to the outside

B. chemical energy from the outside to the inside

√ C. thermal energy from the inside to the outside

D. thermal energy from the outside to the inside

32. A temperature scale with the melting point of ice at 32° and the boiling point of water at 212° is
known as _____.

A. Celsius
B. Kelvin
√ C. Fahrenheit
D. Boiling point

33. The diagram below represents a thermometer.

Which principle best explains how this thermometer works?

A. A liquid changes to a gas when heated

B. A gas changes to a liquid when heated
√ C. A liquid expands when heated and contracts when cooled
D. A liquid contracts when heated and expands when cooled

34. Heat transfer by conduction occurs when Molecules _____.

A. flow as currents through liquids

B. form waves that travel through space
C. become less dense and rise
√ D. collide with other molecules

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35. In an air conditioner, thermal energy is ____.

A. transferred from areas of higher temperatures to areas of lower temperatures

√ B. transferred from areas of lower temperatures to areas of higher temperatures
C. used to do work
D. transferred into the building

36. The thermostat below detects an increase in room temperature as _____.

A. an increase in thermal energy causes a bimetallic coil to curl

√ B. an increase in thermal energy causes a bimetallic coil to uncurl
C. a switch causes a bimetallic coil to curl
D. a switch causes a bimetallic coil to uncurl

37. A temperature scale with the melting point of ice at 0° and the boiling point of water at 100° is known
as _____ scale.

√ A. Celsius
B. Kelvin
C. Fahrenheit
D. Boiling point

38. Temperature represents the average _________ energy of the particles that make up a material.

A. potential
B. chemical
C. thermal
√ D. kinetic

39. Hot-air balloons rise due to thermal _______.

A. radiation
√ B. expansion
C. convection
D. conduction

40. In a thermostat coil, what causes the two metals in the strip to curl and uncurl?

A. They have the same specific heats

B. They melt at different temperatures
√ C. They expand at different rates when heated
D. They contract at the same rate when cooled

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41. Which of the following does NOT occur in an internal combustion engine?

A. Most of the thermal energy is wasted

B. Thermal energy forces the piston downward
√ C. Thermal energy is converted into chemical energy
D. Thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy

42. Convert the following temperatures:

a) 41℉ to Celsius.

41 − 32
41℉ = ℃
1.8
9
⟹ ℃ = 5℃
1.8

b) 5℃ to Kelvin.

5℃ = (273 + 5) 𝐾
⟹ 5℃ = 278 𝐾

c) 41℉ to Kelvin.

From part (a) and (b);

41℉ = 5℃ = 278 𝐾

43. The figure below shows a teapot being heated using a hot plate. The expanding steam then spins the
pinwheel.

a) What method of heat transfer is used to transfer heat from the hotplate to the base of the teapot?

Conduction

b) What method of heat transfer is used to heat all of the water in the teapot uniformly?

Convection

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c) In the spaces below, write in correct sequence the energy transformations taking place in this
system.

Electrical Thermal Mechanical/kinetic

d) What kind of machine is represented by the hot plate, the teapot, the steam, and the pinwheel
working together?

It represents a heat engine.

e) Explain how a refrigerator keeps the food cool

A refrigerator keeps food cold by moving thermal energy from inside the refrigerator out to the
refrigerator’s surroundings.

44. Two cubes with the same mass and volume are heated in the same pan of water. The graph below
shows the change in temperature with time.

a) Which cube’s temperature increases at a higher rate?

Cube B
b) Which cube has a lower specific heat capacity?
Cube A
c) Define specific heat capacity.
The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one
degree Celsius.

d) The table below shows the specific heat of four different materials.

i. Which material takes most thermal energy to change its temperature?

Water

ii. Which material is a good conductor of heat?

Copper

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45. Convert the following temperatures:

a. 212℉ to Celsius.
212 − 32
212℉ = ℃
1.8
180
⟹ ℃ = 100℃
1.8

b. 100℃ to Kelvin.
100℃ = (273 + 100) 𝐾
⟹ 100℃ = 373 𝐾

c. 212℉ to Kelvin.
From part (a) and (b);
212℉ = 100℃ = 373 𝐾

46. Two containers, a foam cooler and a metal pan, both containing ice are left outdoors in the Sun.

Foam
Metal
Cooler
Pan
a. Describe the two energy transfers that help melt the ice in the two containers.

Transfer of thermal energy from the Sun by radiation warms the containers.
Transfer of thermal energy from the containers by conduction melts the ice.

b. In which container would the ice melt faster?

Metal container

c. What is it about the containers that could explain the difference in the melting rates?
Foam is a thermal insulator, while metals are thermal conductors. The foam cooler did not transfer
as much energy to the ice by conduction as the metal pot did

d. Tick (√) the box(es) which indicate a good conductor.

(2 marks)
 Rubber
 Copper
 Mercury
 Wooden Pencil

e. Explain whether the transfer of heat from the Sun to the containers require a medium?

The transfer of heat from the Sun to the containers is in the form of waves which do not require a
medium.

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47. A Car engine and refrigerator, both transfer energy.

a. In the spaces below, write the correct sequence of energy transformations taking place in a car
engine.

Mechanical/
Chemical Thermal
Kinetic

b. What causes the air around a refrigerator to become warmer as the refrigerator is cooling the air
inside it?
The refrigerator coolant takes thermal energy from the air inside the refrigerator and travels to the
outside coils.
The coolant transfers the thermal energy to the outside coils, which transfer thermal energy to the
outside air, and the air is heated.

48. Celsius, Kelvin and Fahrenheit are common temperature scales. Complete the table below with the
melting and boiling point of water in Kelvin and degree Fahrenheit.

Temperature Melting Point Boiling Point

Scales
Celsius 𝟎℃ 𝟏𝟎𝟎℃

Kelvin 273 𝐾 373 𝐾

Fahrenheit 32℉ 212℉

49. All objects contain thermal energy due to the position and movement of particles in the object.
a) Complete the spaces below with the two forms of energies that make up thermal energy.

Thermal Energy

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy

b) The figures below show two different samples of air.

i. In what way do their temperatures differ?

Sample X is at a higher temperature than sample Y

ii. In what way does the kinetic energy of their particles differ?

Particles of sample X have a higher average kinetic energy than those of sample Y

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50. The diagram below shows water being heated using a fire. Complete the boxes with the method of
heat transfer happening at the indicated points on the diagram.

Conduction
Convection

Radiation

51. The diagram below shows an internal combustion engine.

a) List one type of energy that is an output from the heat engine.

Wasted thermal energy/ Mechanical energy

b) Explain how an internal combustion engine is an application of thermal

expansion.

Heating the air in the cylinder causes the air to expand, which increases
the volume of the air. This increased pressure pushes the piston down.

52. Complete the spaces below with three process of transfer of thermal energy.

Conduction Radiation
Convection

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53. A student puts a metal saucepan of milk on a cooker. Thermal energy can be transferred by
conduction, convection and radiation.

a) Which is the main process that transfers thermal energy through the milk?

Convection

b) Which is the main process that transfers thermal energy through the metal saucepan?

Conduction

c) What type of material should the handle of the saucepan be made of?

Poor conductor of heat like plastic or wood

54. Answer the following questions on internal combustion engine.

a. List one type of energy that is an output from the heat engine.

Wasted thermal energy/ Mechanical energy

b. Explain how an internal combustion engine is an application of thermal expansion.

Heating the air in the cylinder causes the air to expand, which increases the volume of the air. This
increased pressure pushes the piston down.

55. In the spaces below list the correct sequence of energy transformation taking place in a heat engine
running on fuel.

Chemical Mechanical / Kinetic

Thermal Energy
Energy Energy

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56. Below is a pot where heat transfer takes place. Write in the spaces below, the heat transfer methods
that takes place at a, b, and c.

Conduction
Convection

Radiation

57. Technicians place the transmission lines with a slightly U-shape making a sag from the span between
the columns. The lines expand from winter to summer causing the U-shaped sag to increase as the
temperature changes from 15° to 35°.

a) Why does the sag increases between winter and summer? Explain

the wire of the transmission lines expands with temperature, sag increases indicating the increase in length
of the wire.

b) Convert 15°C to °F.

9 15×9
°𝐹 = (°𝐶 × 5) + 32 = + 32 = 27 + 32 = 59°𝐹
5

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58. Below is a room where heat transfer takes place. Write in the space below, the heat transfer methods
taking place at 1,2, and 3.

Heat transfer at 1 by:

Conduction

Heat transfer at 2 by:

Convection

Heat transfer at 3 by:

Radiation

59. When engineers build a bridge, they separate the sections of the roadway by expansion joints as
shown in the figure below. The joints allow movement of these sections when the temperature changes
from 25° to 45°

a) Explain why are expansion joints necessary.

Bridges expand with temperature (2 marks), gap is kept to prevent cracking (2 marks)

b) Convert 45°C to °F.

9 45×9
°𝐹 = (°𝐶 × 5) + 32 = + 32 = 81 + 32 = 113°𝐹
5

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60. The blow figure shows a house with white wooden walls and a black wooden door.

a. The Sun shines on the door and the front wall of the house. Name of the process by which thermal
energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth.

Radiation

b. Two points in the house are marked A and B. A represents the steel metal roof and B the wooden wall
of the house, as shown in the figure.

Which material A (steel) or B (wood) has a higher specific heat capacity?

Point B (wall of the house)

c. What is meant when a substance has a higher specific heat capacity?

A substance with high specific heat capacity requires more thermal energy to increase its temperature.

61. Answer the following questions on temperature.

a. Differentiate between thermometer and temperature.

Thermometer is a device that is used to measure the temperature.

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.

b. A thermometer reads 420 𝐶, what temperature is this in the Fahrenheit scale?

9 9 × 42
𝐹 = 𝐶 + 32 = + 32 = 1080 𝐹
5 5

c. Metal furring such as steel could melt at around 1300 0 𝐶 . What is this temperature in Kelvin scale?

𝐾 = 1300 + 273 = 1370 + 273 = 15730 𝐾

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62. The air conditioner has a unit that takes warm air from the room and gives the room cold air. The air
conditioning unit’s position is shown in the below figure.

a. Explains how the air conditioning unit cools all the air in the room using heat transfer.
Cool air will fall and warm air rises or replaces the cold air forming convection currents
It cools all the air in the room because of convection current

b. The air conditioning unit is equipped with a device that regulates the temperature of a system. This
device is called _______________________________.
Thermostat
c. Answer the following questions on bimetallic coil.
i. What does the bimetallic coil made up of?
________________________ It is made up of two types of metal which are joined together
_____________________________________
ii- Where is it used?
e.g. in a thermostat __________________________________

iii- And how does it function?

it controls a switch that turns a heating or cooling device on or off / metal on the inside coil expands and
contracts more than the metal outside and acts like an on or off switch __________

63. Select the correct term in order to complete the following statements.

Thermostat Slower Specific heat Thermal energy

Temperature faster Refrigerator Convection currents

Fahrenheit Temperature difference Celsius Kelvin

a. __________________________ transfers thermal energy from its inside to outside. (Refrigerator)

b. The temperature scale that has a temperature of 100 degree for the boiling of pure water is the
______________________________ scale. (Celsius)

c. When the particles inside a gas move _____________________________ the kinetic energy of the gas
particles increases. (faster)

d. __________________________________________ is the amount of thermal energy required to

increase the temperature of 1 𝑘𝑔 of a material by 10 𝐶. (Specific heat)

e. The rate at which heating occurs depends on _________________________ (temperature difference)

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64. Below are some statements about using and transforming thermal energy.

Some statements are correct. Put a tick (√) in the box alongside each of these.
Some statements are false. Put a cross (×) in the box alongside each of these.

In an internal combustion engine, thermal energy forces the piston downward and this
energy is converted into mechanical energy (√)

In a heating appliance, the typical conversion involves electric energy to thermal energy.
(√)

During transformation of energy, the total amount of energy of the system is double. (x)

Both air conditioners and refrigerators have coolant that transfers thermal energy from the
inside to the outside. (√)

65. Answer the following questions on temperature.

a. Name two scales used to measure temperature

Any 2
Celsius
Kelvin
Fahrenheit
b. If a recipe says to bake a pizza in a 250 ℃ oven, at what Fahrenheit( ℉) temperature should you set
your oven that uses the Fahrenheit scale?

9 9 × 250
𝐹 = 𝐶 + 32 = + 32 = 482 ℉
5 5

c. Steel often melts at around 1370 ℃ . What is this temperature in Kelvin scale?

𝐾 = 𝐶 + 273 = 1370 + 273 = 1643 𝐾

66. Select the correct term implied in the following statements.

Decreases Increases Specific heat Thermal energy

Temperature Radiation Convection Convection currents

Thermal conductors Thermal insulators Conduction Expansion

___________________________________________ a. It involves in making popcorn using the

microwave oven. (Radiation)

___________________________________________ b. Copper, gold and steel (thermal

conductors)

___________________________________________ c. It involves in the movement of hot air up.

(Convection currents)

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___________________________________________ d. The amount of thermal energy required to
increase the temperature of
1 𝑘𝑔 of a material by 1℃. (Specific heat)

___________________________________________ e. Glass, rubber, oil. (Thermal insulators)

67. The below table shows different types of liquids which can be used as radiator fluid to cool the
engines. Examine the lists of liquids and decide which liquid would work best as a radiator fluid and
why?

Liquids Specific heat capacity (kJ/kg – K)

Salt water 3.93

Fresh water 4.19

Maple syrup 2.10

Vegetable oil 1.67

Corn syrup 2.72

Fresh water
Has the highest value of specific heat capacity.
Fresh water absorbs the largest amount of heat energy which is best to remove heat from an
engine.

68. Answer the following questions on heat.

a. Label the below figures with the three corresponding methods of heat transfer.

A. From the Sun to the Earth B. From the metal stick over C. From the liquid at the bottom
the candle to hand of a pan ( on hotplate) to the
Radiation liquid at the top of the pan
Conduction
Convection

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b. The graph below shows the change in temperature with time. Which cube has higher specific heat if
both cubes have the same mass and volume and are heated in the same pan of water? Support your
answer.

Cube A
Cube A takes more time to increase
its temperature.

69. Below are some statements about using and transforming thermal energy.
Some statements are correct. Put a tick (√) in the box alongside each of correct statements.
Some statements are false. Put a cross (×) in the box alongside each of false statements

 Cooling is the process of removing heat from the system. (√)

 A heating appliance is a device that converts thermal energy into electric energy. (x)

 During transformation of energy, the total amount of energy of the system increases by double. (x)

 Both air conditioners and refrigerators have coolant that transfers thermal energy from the inside to the
outside. (√)

 The bimetallic coil in a thermostat responds to heating and cooling. (√)

70. Below is a diagram showing a thermostat and how does it work. Answer the following questions on
thermostats

a. Describe a thermostat.
A device that regulates the temperature of a system or an appliance.

b. Describe the structure and function of a bimetallic strip in the above thermostat.
The bimetallic strip has two types of metal which are joined together.
The metal on the inside strip expands and contracts more than the metal outside.
The strip controls an electric switch that turns a heating or cooling device on or off.

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