ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY:

1. Search about Quarrying and the Philippine Mining Law and write a report about it.

A. QUARRYING:

Guide Questions:

1. What kind of mineral/rocks are usually taken from quarries?

 According to Wiliam Andrew Hustrulid, Quarry place where dimension stone or aggregate (sand,
gravel, crushed rock) is mined. The products of dimension stone quarries are prismatic blocks of
rock such as marble, granite, limestone, sandstone and slate.

2. Describe three methods used to removed rocks from quarries.

 The three methods of removing rocks from quarries are;

3. Where are large quarries located in our country?

 Based on 2012 Census of the Philippine Business and Industry-Mining and Quarryng for all
Establishments: Final Results. Across the country, Central Luzon recorded the highest number of
mining and quarrying establishments with 37 or 11.7 percent of the total.

4. How do these activities affect the environment and human settlements?

 Humans impact the environment in several ways. Common effects include decreased water
quality, increased pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, depletion of natural resources and
contribution to global climate change.

5. Why are there still illegal quarrying activities done in remote areas which caused so much damage in
our mountains and hillsides as reported on TV in Laguna?

 Because some people are hard headed they will do illegal activities just to make money.

B. THE PHILIPPINE MINING LAW

Guide Questions:

2. Write a summary of the following selected chapters of the Philippine Mining Law and give your
comments regarding its implementation.

a. Chapter 4 – Government Ownership of Mineral Resources

 This section describes existing mineral resources in the vicinity of the Monterey Peninsula Water
Supply Project (MPWSP or proposed project) and analyzes the potential effects of construction and
operation of the proposed project on these resources. Sand is the largest known and valuable
mineral resource in the region, but are not present within the project area.
b. Chapter 16 – Opening Ancestral Lands for Mining 1.4 Operations

 No ancestral land shall be opened for mining-operations without prior consent of the indigenous
cultural community concerned.

c. Chapter 43 – Quarry Permit

 Any qualified person may apply to the provincial/city mining regulatory board for a quarry permit on
privately owned lands and/or public lands for building and construction materials such as marble,
basalt, andesite, conglomerate, tuff, adobe, granite and ect. The maximum area which a qualified
person may hold at any one time shall be five hectares. A quarry permit shall have a term of five
years renewable for like periods but not +to exceed a total term of twenty-five years.

d. Chapter 62 – Employment of Filipinos in Mining

 A contractor shall give preference to Filipino citizens in all types of mining employment within the
country insofar as such citizens are qualified to perform the corresponding work with reasonable
efficiency and without hazard to the safety of the operations.

e. Chapter 63 – Mines Safety and Environmental Protection

 All contractors and permittees shall strictly comply with all the mines safety rules and regulations as
may be promulgated by the secretary concerning.

f. Chapter 72 – Timber Rights

 Any provision of law to the contrary not with standing, a contractor may be granted a right to cut
trees or timber within his area as may be necessary for his mining operations subject to forestly
laws, rules and regulations.

g. Chapter 85 – Mine Wastes and Tailings Fees

 A semi-annual fee to be known as mine wastes and tailings fee is hereby imposed on all operating
mining companies in accordance with the implementing rules and regulations.
Enrichment Activity:
A. Strip Intercropping to Reduce Climate Hazard Impacts

Guide Questions:

1. What is the objective of strip intercropping pilot program in Bicol?

2. What are the three different crop combinations introduced for three cropping seasons?

 Sorry Sir, I don’t know the answer!

3. Identify its economic benefits and feedbacks.

 Reduction of the risk of total loss from pest, drought and diseases. It helps the farmers with land
shortages asi t gives full production in small plots. It also helps in maintaining the fertility of soil

B. Natural Vegetative Strip for Agroforestry cropping System at [Link]

Guide Questions:

1. What is NVS (natural vegetative strips) and how do NVS prevent soil erosion?

 The vegetation on the established NVS needs to be cut back to a height of 5-10 cm: once before
planting a crop, and once or twice during the cropping period. Land users appreciate the
technique because it effectively controls soil erosion and prevents loss (through surface runoff)
of fertilizers applied to the crop.

2. How do NVS improve water infiltration during heavy rains?

 Infiltration depends on there being sufficient porosity in the surface soil for rainfall to infiltrate,
and in the subsoil and parent material (if shallow) for rainwater to percolate. When the porosity
of the surface soil is too low to accept rainfall, or subsoil porosity is too low to allow rainwater
percolation (i.e. permeability is too slow), then infiltration will be restricted and rainwater will
be lost as runoff.

3. Can these strategy prevent landslides, rockslides and mud slides during heavy rains in areas with
very steep slopes or mountains region?


C. Forest Denudation and its Effects to the environment and write your reactions/cooment about
it.

Guide Questions:

1. What is forest Denudation?

 In geology, denudation involves the processes that cause the wearing away of the Earth’s surface by
moving water, by ice, by wind and by waves, leading to a reduction in elevation and in relief of
landforms and landscapes.

2. What are the common human activities that caused our forests to be badly denuded?

 Deforestation causes can either be direct or indirect. Among direct causes are: Natural causes as
hurricanes, fires, parasites and floods. Human activities as agricultural expansion, cattle breeding,
timber extraction, mining oil extraction, dam construction and infrastructure development.

3. Are there government program geared towards the protection of our forests?

 The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is responsible for the formulations
and implementations of policies, guidelines and rules related to environmental management, as well
as the management and conservation of the country’s natural resources.

4. Are these programs well implemented and how can we help to conserve the remaining forest cover
that our country has?

 Yes and we can help to conserve the remaining forest cover that our country has by following some
steps;
 National Forest Policy: In this policy Joint Forest management and local villages works together
to manage forest.
 Conservation of Reserve forest
 Local people Involvement
 Adopting afforestation
 Increasing Forest Productivity

D. ‘’Climate Change: Effects on Glaciers’’. Write a report about it.

Guide Questions:

1. Why are glaciers considered as one of the most sensitive indicators of climate change?

2. How do ice core studies consider a significant of the changes in carbon dioxide levels of the
atmosphere?

3. How will the on-going ice melting at the polar regions affect our costal regions of which many are
inhabited by people?


4. Based on news reports on TV and magazines, is our government doing something in preparation for
the worst effects of climate change?

 Sea level rise, more frequently and severe heat waves, growing wildfire risks, and an increase in
extreme weather events – these and others consequences of global warming were once largely
preventable, but foot-dragging by our elected leaders and policy makers over the past two decades
means that we must now confront the dangerous new reality of rising temperatures and the serious
impacts that accompany them.+