Guide Questions

a) Who is Antonio Pigafetta?

Antonio Pigafetta was a Venetian scholar and explorer. He joined the expedition to the Spice Islands led by
explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of King Charles I of Spain and, after Magellan's death in the Philippines, the
subsequent voyage around the world. He was an Italian seafarer and geographer and one of the key player of the
worlds most amazing exploration trip.
b) What are the events that resulted to the writing of “First Voyage Around the World”?
Portuguese Explorer Ferdinand Magellan set out from Spain in 1519 with a fleet of five ships to discover a western
sea route to the Spice Islands. Magellan himself was killed in battle on the voyage, but his ambitious expedition proved
that the globe could be circled by sea and that the world was much larger than had previously been imagined. And
Antonio Pigafetta was among of number of people that went with Magellan to circumnavigate the globe.
c) What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “First Voyage Around
the World?”
The First Voyage Around the World is about the happenings that unfolded during Ferdinand Magellan’s
expedition. The details from this exploration is very important to the history because it was the first trip that
circumnavigate the globe and and led to the formation of the International Date Line.
d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “First Voyage Around the World” in understanding the
grand narrative of Philippine history?
The accounts of Antonio Pigafetta helped us picture out and understand what truly happened when the Spaniards
arrived in our land it also have detailed narration about our ancestors. How they were like, how they treated the
Spaniards when they first came, how they live their daily lives, and Pigafetta also depicted our ancestors’ physical
appearance.

Guide Questions
a) Who is Juan de Plasencia?
Juan de Plasensia not a native Tagalog but a Franciscan missionary who first arrived in the Philippines in 1577. He
penned the Doctrina Cristiana, the first published book in the Phiilippines. He served the Philippine Islands from his
arrival in 1578 to his death in 1590.
b) What are the events that resulted to the writing of “Customs of the Tagalogs?”
The author, Juan de Plasencia, was tasked by the King of Spain to document the customs and traditions of the
colonized (“natives”) based on, arguably, his own observations and judgments.
c) What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “Customs of the
Tagalogs?”
The Customs of the Tagalogs tackles about everyday living of the ancient Filipinos, their social status,
customs,traditions and beliefs of the Tagalog. It also provided the first form of Civil Codeused by local governors to
administer justice.
d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document Customs of the Tagalogs” in understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine history?
The Customs of the Tagalogs helped us take a peak at how our ancestors lived back in they days. It gave us the
ideas about their lifestyles, beliefs, norms, and cultures.The books affirms that during the Spanish period Filipino
natives already have a government as well as sets of beliefs and practices.

Guide Questions
a) Who is Emilio Jacinto?
Emilio Jacinto known as the “Utak ng Katipunan” was born on December 15, 1875. He was raised by his mother
Josefa Dizon and his uncle Don Jose Dizon because Emilio grew up without his father Mariano Jacinto. After dropping
out of college at the age of 20, Emilio joined the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society. This was a group whose
objective was to gain Philippine independence from Spain in 1892
b) What are the events that resulted to the writing of “ Kartilla of the Katipunan?”
Kartilya ng katipunan was written because first it highlights the importance of living a purpose-driven life, second rule
is all about doing the right thing, the third tenet shows what kindness really means. True act of kindness for a
Katipunero is in the love and service he render to other people and not the other way around. The equality and other
rules was mentioned.
c) What is the content of the document all about? What important historical information found in the document “
Kartilla of the Katipunan?”
The Kartilya is used to guide the actions of Katipuneros. Upon joining the Katipunan, members were required to
read the Kartilya and adhere to its code of conduct.
This literary works content 14 teachings that reminds us the ordinance of the life and good morals that Filipino
Katipuneros should followed in order to fulfill the affairs, love, solidarity, respect and concern for the country.

d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “ Kartilla of the Katipunan” in understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine history?
The contribution of Kartilya ng Katipunan are equality of races, origin, education and religion. Also the woman and
children need big respect and care and equal human rights that reflect to our Philippine core values and norms and this
literary works mark as our Philippine History.

Guide Questions
a) Who is Ambrocio Rianzares Bautista?
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, author of the Declaration of Philpine Independence of June 12, 1898 was born on
December 7, 1830 Biiian, Laguna to Gregorio Enriquez Bautista and Silvestra Altamira. A distant relative of the Rizal
family, he was often sought after by young Jose for advice during the latter's student days in Manila. A generous man,
Bautista was popular among peasants and laborers as he often gave legal advice and services and defended their cases
in court free of charge.
b) What are the events that resulted to the writing of “Act of Declaration of Independence?”
After centuries of being colonized by the Spaniards, the Philippines finally was freed from the Spanish colonization.
With a government in operation, Aguinaldo thought that it was necessary to declare the independence of the
Philippines. He believed that such a move would inspire the people to fight more eagerly against the Spaniards.
Mabini, who had by now been made Aguinaldo's unofficial adviser, objected. He based his objection on the fact that it
was more important to reorganize the government. On June 12, between four and five in the afternoon, Aguinaldo, in
the presence of a huge crowd, proclaimed the independence of the Philippines at Cavite el Viejo (Kawit).

c) What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “Act of Declaration of
Independence ?”
The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared and written by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish,
who also read the said declaration. A passage in the Declaration reminds one of another passage in the American
Declaration of Independence. The Philippine Declaration was signed by ninety-eight persons, among them an American
army officer who witnessed the proclamation. The Act declared that the Filipinos “are and have the right to be free and
independent,” and that the nation from ”this day commences to have a life of its own, with every political tie between
Filipinas and Spain severed and annulled”.
d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “ Act of Declaration of Independence” in understanding
the grand narrative of Philippine history?
It is stated in the document of how Philippines became independent from the Spanish government
The timeline from Magellan landed on the shores of Cebu to the declaration of the Philippine Independent
Without this document we won't be able to identify when, where and how our country became independent.
This document named all important people who contribute for the country to become independent
The meaning of each details of the Philippine national flag.

Guide Questions
a) Who is Alfred Mc Coy?
Alfred William Mc Coy was born in Massachusetts, USA on June 8, 1945. He was a professor of history at the
university of Wisconsin-Madison and serves as director of the Center for SE Asian Studies. He is the author of
forthcoming in the Shadows of American Century: Rise and Decline of US Global Power and Policing American’s Empire.
McCoy has spent the past thirty years writing about Southeast Asian history and politics.

b) What are the events that resulted to the writing of “Political Caricatures of the American Era?”
In 1900-1941 Philippine political cartoons gained full expression during the American era. Filipino artists recorded
national attitudes toward the coming of the Americans as well as the changing mores and times. In the Philippines, the
presence of political cartoons has been seen as early as the publication of Kalayaan and La Solidaridad. The book of
McCoy and Roces (1986) was the first one to legitimize cartoons as sources of Filipino thoughts and views.

c) What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “Political Caricatures of
the American Era?”
Political Caricatures of the American Era is about the 377 cartoons compiled by historian Alfred McCoy’s extensive
research in Philippine and American archives provides a comprehensive background not only to the cartoons but to the
turbulent period as well. Accounts pointed that the Philippine press has had a love-hate relationship with political
cartoons as only in 1985 has there been a published book on Philippine cartoons.

d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “Political Caricatures of the American Era” in
understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
The document let us know that during the American Era, Filipinos used Caricatures for them to express their
political views and opinions about a certain issue. It doesn’t only show how creative we Filipinos are but it also shows
patriotism. it served as an eye opener and it also helped us to discover our roots because it provides us comprehensive
backgrounds.

Guide Questions
a) Who is Corazon C. Aquino?
Corazon Aquino was the 11th president (and first female president) of the Philippines. She restored democracy after
the long dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos. Corazon Aquino's husband had been an opponent of Ferdinand Marcos and
was assassinated upon returning from exile. When Marcos unexpectedly called for elections in 1986, Corazon Aquino
became the unified opposition's presidential candidate. She took office after Marcos fled the country, and served as
president, with mixed results, until 1992.
b) What are the events that resulted to the delivery of “ Speech of Corazon Aquino before the US Congress on
September 18, 1986?”
When former President Corazon Aquino spoke before a joint session of the United States Congress in September of
1986, the dust was only beginning to settle. It was her first visit to America since the dictator Ferdinand Marcos had
been deposed in February of the same year, and the Philippines was reckoning with everything his administration had
inflicted. That included $26 billion in total foreign debt, and a communist insurgency that grew, throughout the Marcos
era, from 500 armed guerillas to 16,000. We were just at the start of a long road to recovery.
c) What the content of the speech is all about? What important historical information found in the document “Speech
of Corazon Aquino before the US Congress?”
So Aquino lodged an appeal for help. Addressing the House, she delivered a historic speech that managed to sway in
our favor the vote for an emergency $200-million aid appropriation. In the moving speech penned by her speechwriter
(and our current ambassador to the United Nations) Teddy Locsin, Jr., Aquino defended her reconciliatory stand on the
communist insurgency—a sensitive issue in the U.S., given that this was 1986—and asked for financial aid towards
rebuilding the Philippine economy.
d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “Speech of Corazon Aquino before the US Congress” in
understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
Four years after taking Washington by storm—and receiving pledges of billions of dollars in aid—Aquino has discovered
that high political drama does not translate into concrete solutions to a moribund economy or political instability. The
factionalized military has tried six times to oust Aquino, and most Filipinos expect another coup attempt. Although the
Communist rebels now have fewer comrades under arms, they are still a real threat in both Manila and the countryside.

Guide Questions
a) Who is Fernando Armosolo? Who is Juan Luna?
Fernando Amorsolo painted and sketched more than ten thousand pieces over his lifetime using natural and
backlighting techniques. His most known works are of the dalagang Filipina, landscapes of his Filipino homeland,
portraits and WWII war scenes. And Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta, better known as Juan Luna, was a
Filipino painter, sculptor and a political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century. He became
one of the first recognized Philippine artists.
b) What are the events that resulted them to make such work of arts?
Their Paintings were made not just to express but to expose current situations of the community. Happening like
on how Filipinos were treated and how they lived their lives back then. It also helps us to picture out our history from
cruelness and beauty of our nation’s past.
c) What the painting is all about? What important historical information found in their paintings?
Amorsolo’s rural paintings reflects to a bigger picture of traditional Filipinos living a simple and peaceful life.
His pastoral works presented "an imagined sense of nationhood in counterpoint to American colonial rule" and were
important to the formation of Filipino national identity. Luna painted literary and historical scenes, some with an
underscore of political commentary. His allegorical works were inspired with classical balance, and often showed
figures in theatrical poses.

d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of their works in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
Amorsolo’s artworks portrayed Filipino's culture and way of life including traditional Filipino customs, culture,
fiestas and occupations. Luna’s paintings reflects historical scenes and sufferings in Spanish era colonization.

Guide Questions
a) Who is Emilio F. Aguinaldo?
b) What are the events that led him to record his Memoirs of the Revolution or Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan?”

c) What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “ Mga Gunita ng
Himagsikan?”
d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “ Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan” in understanding the
grand narrative of Philippine history?

Guide Questions
a) Who is Icelle Gloria D. Borja- Estrada and her co authors?
b) What are the events that resulted to the making of this
documentary film “Raiders of the Sulu Sea?”
c) What the content of the film is all about? What important
historical information found in the document “Raiders of the Sulu Sea?”
d) What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document
“Raiders of the Sulu Sea” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?