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    The Population Frequencies Are Equal To The Expected Frequencies. The Null Hypothesis Is False

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    Abbegail Calinao
    1. A department store hired a consultant to analyze customer preferences across 5 stores. A survey of 1100 customers found preferences were not equal, rejecting the null hypothesis of equal preferences. 2. An experiment rolled a die 240 times, recording outcomes. At a 5% significance level, there was not enough evidence to reject the hypothesis that each face was equally likely, supporting an unbiased die. 3. A drug trial analyzed side effects of nausea in 565 patients receiving drug or placebo. At a 10% level, there was enough evidence to reject independence between treatment and nausea, indicating a relationship between drug and nausea side effect.

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    The Population Frequencies Are Equal To The Expected Frequencies. The Null Hypothesis Is False

    Uploaded by

    Abbegail Calinao
    304 views3 pages
    1. A department store hired a consultant to analyze customer preferences across 5 stores. A survey of 1100 customers found preferences were not equal, rejecting the null hypothesis of equal preferences. 2. An experiment rolled a die 240 times, recording outcomes. At a 5% significance level, there was not enough evidence to reject the hypothesis that each face was equally likely, supporting an unbiased die. 3. A drug trial analyzed side effects of nausea in 565 patients receiving drug or placebo. At a 10% level, there was enough evidence to reject independence between treatment and nausea, indicating a relationship between drug and nausea side effect.

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    COSTING

    Original Title

    BORROMEO_WITH_EXCEL

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    1. A department store hired a consultant to analyze customer preferences across 5 stores. A survey of 1100 customers found preferences were not equal, rejecting the null hypothesis of equal preferences. 2. An experiment rolled a die 240 times, recording outcomes. At a 5% significance level, there was not enough evidence to reject the hypothesis that each face was equally likely, supporting an unbiased die. 3. A drug trial analyzed side effects of nausea in 565 patients receiving drug or placebo. At a 10% level, there was enough evidence to reject independence between treatment and nausea, indicating a relationship between drug and nausea side effect.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    304 views3 pages

    The Population Frequencies Are Equal To The Expected Frequencies. The Null Hypothesis Is False

    Uploaded by

    Abbegail Calinao
    1. A department store hired a consultant to analyze customer preferences across 5 stores. A survey of 1100 customers found preferences were not equal, rejecting the null hypothesis of equal preferences. 2. An experiment rolled a die 240 times, recording outcomes. At a 5% significance level, there was not enough evidence to reject the hypothesis that each face was equally likely, supporting an unbiased die. 3. A drug trial analyzed side effects of nausea in 565 patients receiving drug or placebo. At a 10% level, there was enough evidence to reject independence between treatment and nausea, indicating a relationship between drug and nausea side effect.

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    SHEET 1

    1. A department store, A, has four competitors: B, C, D, and E. Store A hires a consultant to


    determine if the percentage of shoppers who prefer each of the five (5) stores is the same. A
    survey with 1100 randomly selected shoppers is conducted, and below are the results of which
    one of the store's shoppers prefer. Is there enough evidence using a significance level 𝛼𝛼 = 0.05 to
    conclude that the proportions are really the same? (7 items x 3 points)

    Store A B C D E

    Number of Shoppers 262 234 204 190 210

    a. The null hypothesis 𝐻𝐻0 : The population frequencies are equal to the expected
    frequencies.
    b. The alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝐻𝑎𝑎: The null hypothesis is false
    c. The level of significance 𝛼𝛼 = 0.05
    d. The degrees of freedom: k –1=5
    5–1=4
    e. The test statistic:

    STORE % of E O O-E (O – E)2 (O-E)2


    SHOPPERS E

    A 20% 0.2 x 110 = 220 262 42 1764 8.018

    B 20% 0.2 x 110 = 220 234 14 196 0.891

    C 20% 0.2 x 110 = 220 204 -16 256 1.163

    D 20% 0.2 x 110 = 220 190 -30 900 4.091

    E 20% 0.2 x 110 = 220 210 -10 100 0.455

    f. The critical value: 9.488


    g. Decision: Since x2 14.618 > 9.488, there is enough statistical evidence to
    reject the null hypothesis and believe that the costumers don’t prefer to the
    five stores equally.

    SHEET 2
    2. Suppose that we have a 6-sided die. We assume that the die is unbiased (upon rolling the die,
    each outcome is equally likely). An experiment is conducted in which the die is rolled 240 times.
    The outcomes are in the table below. At a significance level of 𝛼𝛼 = 0.05, is there enough evidence
    to support the hypothesis that the die is unbiased? (7 items x 3 points)

    Outcome 1 2 3 4 5 6
    Frequency 34 44 30 46 51 35

    a. The null hypothesis 𝐻𝐻0 : Each face is equally likely to be the outcome of single roll.
    b. The alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝐻𝑎𝑎 : the null hypothesis is false.
    c. The level of significance 𝛼𝛼 = 0.05
    d. The degrees of freedom: k – 1 = 6
    6 -1 = 5
    e. The test statistic:
    FACE E O O-E (O – E)2 (O-E)2
    E

    1 240/6= 40 34 -6 36 0.9

    2 240/6= 40 44 4 16 0.4

    3 240/6= 40 30 -10 100 2.5

    4 240/6= 40 46 6 36 0.9

    5 240/6= 40 51 11 121 3.025

    6 240/6= 40 35 -5 25 0.625

    f. The critical value: 0.01 and k-1, the critical value is 15.086
    g. Decision: Since x2  8.35 < 15.086, I fail to reject the null hypothesis, that the
    dies is fair.

    SHEET 3

    3. The side effects of a new drug are being tested against a placebo. A simple random
    sample of 565 patients yields the results below. At a significance level of 𝛼 = 0.10, is
    there enough evidence to conclude that the treatment is independent of the side effect of
    nausea?
    Result Drug Placebo Total

    Nausea 36 13 49

    No nausea 254 262 516

    Total 290 275 565


    a. The null hypothesis 𝐻0:

    - The treatment and response are independent


    b. The alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝑎:

    - The treatment and response are dependent


    c. The level of significance 𝛼 =
    - 0.10
    d. The degrees of freedom:
    - (2-1) (2-1)=1
    e. The test statistic:
    ROW, E O O-E (O – E)2 (O-E)2
    E
    COLUMN
    1,1 25.15 36 10.85 117.72 4.681
    1,2 23.85 13 -10.85 117.72 4.936
    2,1 264.85 254 -10.85 117.72 0.444
    2,2 251.15 262 10.85 117.72 0.469

    f. The critical value:


    - 2.17
    g. Decision:
    - Since x2  10.53 > 2.71, There is enough statistical evidence to reject the null and
    to believe that there is a relationship between the treatment and response.

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