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Practice 2

The document describes the diffusion and absorption of a gas component A into a liquid layer. It presents equations to model the concentration profile of component A through the liquid layer as it diffuses and reacts at a first-order rate. The general solution provides the concentration of A at any depth z in the liquid layer based on the boundary conditions at the surfaces. Differentiating this solution gives the molar flux of A entering the liquid at the interface, which depends on the diffusion coefficient and rate constants. Without chemical reaction, flux depends only on diffusion coefficient and concentration gradient at the interface.

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1K views30 pages

Practice 2

The document describes the diffusion and absorption of a gas component A into a liquid layer. It presents equations to model the concentration profile of component A through the liquid layer as it diffuses and reacts at a first-order rate. The general solution provides the concentration of A at any depth z in the liquid layer based on the boundary conditions at the surfaces. Differentiating this solution gives the molar flux of A entering the liquid at the interface, which depends on the diffusion coefficient and rate constants. Without chemical reaction, flux depends only on diffusion coefficient and concentration gradient at the interface.

Uploaded by

Najmul Puda Pappadam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Mass Transfer Practice: Provides an overview of mass transfer coefficients and the scope of the document on related calculations and principles.
  • Quiz Problems: Presents quiz questions to test the reader's understanding of gas mixture compositions and properties.
  • Carbon Dioxide Vessel Problem: Examines a specific problem involving CO2 containment and evaluates the rate of loss and pressure variation over time.
  • Helium Diffusion in a Tube: Describes a diffusion problem with methane through a tube and the determination of partial pressures and flux.
  • Hydrogen and Oxygen Mixture: Discusses equimolar counter diffusion of a hydrogen and oxygen mixture and calculations for molecular diffusivity.
  • Naphthalene Sphere Mass Transfer: Provides a problem and solution for calculating mass transfer from a naphthalene sphere to air, using dimensional analysis.
  • Butanol Diffusion in Water Film: Involves calculating the diffusion rate of butanol under unidirectional diffusion within a water film.
  • CO2 Mass Transfer in Tanks: Describes an industrial scenario with CO2 and N2 tanks evaluating the mass transfer across a connection tube at steady state.
  • Theory of Gas Absorption: Explains the theory of gas absorption without a chemical reaction and how it affects the concentration profiles within a liquid phase.

Included in the QUIZ

The molar composition of a gas mixture at 273 K and 1.5 * 10 5 Pa is:

O2 7%
CO 10%
CO 2 15%
N2 68%

Determine

a) the composition in weight percent


b) average molecular weight of the gas mixture
c) density of gas mixture
d) partial pressure of O 2.
Calculations:
Let the gas mixture constitutes 1 mole. Then
O 2 = 0.07 mol CO = 0.10 mol CO 2 = 0.15 mol N 2 = 0.68 mol

Molecular weight of the constituents are:


O 2 = 2 * 16 = 32 g/mol
CO = 12 + 16 = 28 g/mol
CO 2 = 12 + 2 * 16 = 44 g/mol
N 2 = 2 x14 = 28 g/mol

Weight of the constituents are: (1 mol of gas mixture)


O 2 = 0.07 * 32 = 2.24 g
CO = 0.10 * 28 = 2.80 g
CO 2 = 0.15 * 44 = 6.60 g
N 2 = 0.68 * 28 = 19.04 g
Total weight of gas mixture = 2.24 + 2.80 + 6.60 + 19.04 = 30.68 g
Included in the QUIZ
A 10 liters vessel contains carbon dioxide CO2 at 25 Celsius and 5 bars. The vessel is fitted
with a 20 mm cork whose surface area is 300 mm2. Determine
a) Initial rate of mass loss of CO2
b) Reduction in the vessel pressure after 6 moths.
Given D co2-cork= 11x10 (-10) m/s
Solubility = 0.04015 kmole/m3-bar
Included in the QUIZ

Methane diffuses at steady state through a tube containing helium. At


point 1 the partial pressure of methane is pA1 = 55 kPa and at point 2,
0.03m apart PA2 = 15 KPa.
The total pressure is 101.32 kPa, and the temperature is 298 K. At this
pressure and temperature, the value of diffusivity

D= 6.75 * 10 –5 m 2/sec.

i) calculate the flux of CH4 at steady state for equimolar counter


diffusion.
ii) Calculate the partial pressure at a point 0.02m apart from point 1.
Included in the QUIZ

In a gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, steady state


equimolar counter diffusion is occurring at a total
pressure of 100 kPa and temperature of 20°C. If the
partial pressures of oxygen at two planes 0.01 m apart,
and perpendicular to the direction of diffusion are 15 kPa
and 5 kPa, respectively and the mass diffusion flux of
oxygen in the mixture is 1.6 * 10 –5 kmol/m 2.sec,
calculate the molecular diffusivity for the system.
Included in the QUIZ
Included in the QUIZ
Calculate the rate of diffusion of butanol at 20°C under unidirectional steady state

conditions through a 0.1 cm thick film of water when the concentrations of

butanol at the opposite sides of the film are, respectively 10% and 4% butanol by

weight. The diffusivity of butanol in water solution is 5.9 * 10 –6 cm 2/sec.

The densities of 10% and 4% butanol solutions at 20°C may be taken as 0.971 and

0.992 g/cc respectively. Molecular weight of Butanol (C 4 H 9 OH) is 74, and that

of water 18.
Included in the QUIZ
Consider two large tanks containing CO2 and N2 at a total pressure 1 bar and
25 C. The tanks are connected by I m long tube
( 5 cm diameter) The partial pressure of CO2 are 50 mmHg and 100 mmHg.
Calculate the mass transfer rate of CO2 at steady state
Included in the QUIZ
Ammonia gas (A) and nitrogen (B) are stored in 2 large storage tanks respectively. The tanks are

maintained at constant pressure of 1.0132 x 105 Pa pressure and temperature of 298K.

A uniform tube 0.1-m long connects the 2 tanks, as shown below:

The partial pressure of A at point 1 is pA1 = 1.013 x 104 Pa and at point 2, pA2 = 0.507 x 104
Pa. The diffusivity DAB = 0.230 x 10-4 m2/s. R = 8314 m3.Pa/kg-mole.K
(a) Calculate the flux JA at steady-state.
(b) Repeat for JB.
Given:
Total pressure PT = 1.0132 x 105 Pa (constant)
Temperature T = 298 K
DAB = 0.230 x 10-4 m2/s
R = 8314 m3.Pa/kg-mole.K
At point 1, pA1 = 1.013 x 104 Pa
At point 2, pA2 = 0.507 x 104 Pa
Diffusion path = ( z2 - z1 ) = 0.1 m
We can use the Dalton's Law of partial pressures to determine the partial pressures of
component-B at points 1 and 2:
PT = pA + pB
At point 1:
pB1 = PT - pA1
PB1 = 1.0132 x 105 - 1.013 x 104 = 91,190 Pa
At point 2:
pB2 = PT - pA2
PB2 = 1.0132 x 105 - 0.507 x 104 = 96,250 Pa
Component-B is diffusing in the opposite direction to component-A: from Point 2 to Point 1, as
the partial pressure for B at point 1 is higher.
Included in the QUIZ
Calculate the rate of diffusion of butanol at 20°C under unidirectional steady state

conditions through a 0.1 cm thick film of water when the concentrations of

butanol at the opposite sides of the film are, respectively 10% and 4% butanol by

weight. The diffusivity of butanol in water solution is 5.9 * 10 –6 cm 2/sec.

The densities of 10% and 4% butanol solutions at 20°C may be taken as 0.971 and

0.992 g/cc respectively. Molecular weight of Butanol (C 4 H 9 OH) is 74, and that

of water 18.
Absorption operations involves contact of a gas mixture with a
liquid and preferential dissolution of a component in the
contacting liquid. Depending on the chemical nature of the
involved molecules, the absorption may or may not involve
chemical reaction. The following analysis illustrates the diffusion
of a component from the gas phase into the liquid phase
accompanied by a chemical reaction in the liquid phase.
Consider a layer of absorbing medium (liquid) as shown in
diagram.
Not included in the QUIZ
At the surface of the liquid, the composition of A is CA0. The thickness of the film,
δ is so defined, that beyond this film the concentration of A is always zero ; that is
C Aδ = 0. If there is very little fluid motion within the film,

If concentration of A in the film, C A is assumed small, equation (1) becomes

The molar flux NA changes along the diffusion path. This change is due to the
reaction that takes place in the liquid film. This changes could be written as

where –rA is the rate of disappearance of A. For a first order reaction,


where –rA is the rate of disappearance of A. For a first order reaction,

with the substitution from equation (4) and (2) in equation (3),

For constant Diffusivity

which is a second order ordinary differential equation. The general solution to this
equation is

The constants of this equation can be evaluated from the boundary conditions: at
Z = 0 C A = C A0 And at Z = δ C A = 0.
The constant C 1 is equal to C A0 , and C 2 is equal to

With this substitution equation (6) becomes

This equation gives the variation of concentration of A with z (i.e concentration


profile of A in the liquid). The molar flux at the liquid surface can be determined by
differentiating equation (7), and evaluating the derivative
Differentiating C A with respect to z,

Substituting z = 0 in equation (8) and from equation (2),

For absorption with no chemical reaction, the flux of A is obtained from


equation (2) as

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