Rizal Technological University Department of Architecture: College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

Department of Architecture
CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Tourism is important to most developing countries and particularly to
those that have good climate, scenic beauty and strong cultural heritage. In
most cases, it has brought about a favorable foreign exchange. In the
Philippines the resorts are in demand to foreign and locals as it offers
relaxation, entertainment, and landscape view. Times goes by many
entrepreneurs invest in having a resort and hotel resulting to increase the
number of tourist spot here in the Philippines. But thinking about a great
waterfront resort will give the local and foreign tourist an experience of a
lifetime.
The demand of tourism has led congestion in boracay and palawan
one of the famous beaches here in the Philippines. Decongestion of
popular tourist spot by providing a recreation venue in San Isidro Puerto
Galera, Oriental Mindoro, a tropical white beach resort with inherent beauty
of coral reefs wherein the researcher proposed to do the project that will
defines the beauty of Puerto Galera.

Therefore, a project was created by the researcher that will bring res
ort to the higher level of design and complexity. A combination of resort,
hotel, convention, swimming pools, and oceanarium, for indoor marine
interaction, water amenities, landscape, indoor and outdoor activity areas
biomimicry and organic architecture.
The researcher’s purpose of putting Oceanarium to a waterfront
resort complex is to provide an active ecological education and tourism
facility for Philippines. While Biomimicry is unusual use, it is the imitation of
the models, system, and elements of the nature for the purpose of solving
complex human problems a practice that simulate processes that occur in
nature. While the Organic architecture promotes harmony between human
habitation and the natural world.
Therefore, the purpose of the research paper is to study the
standard for a waterfront resort complex with oceanarium, biomimicry and
organic architecture. To contribute to the development of not just the social
but economic status of the Philippine tourism in San Isidro Puerto Galera
through evolution of resorts. Also this paper gives recommendation to
encourage investors, businessmen, capitals to invest on such projects.
Theoretical Framework
The research was conducted to fulfill the course syllabus as well as
to satisfy the researcher's proposal for a recreational, relaxing, leisure and

vernacular architecture for waterfront development and mixed use hub that
will cater to the upper class Filipinos for visitors and middle class. As a
result, the author must restrict the proposal on the Philippines-based San
Juan, La Union.
Throughout the ages, man has constantly sought, explore, enjoy
with nature. In doing so investors are investing to tourism attraction,
however natural environment has often been exploited to an irreparable
extent while society ignorantly believed the earth to contain infinite
available resources. Thus time man has come to realize the difference
between renewable and nonrenewable resources. The researcher wants a
recognition and preservation of these renewable natural resources in
creating a oceanarium on a waterfront complex that will practice and
learned the conservation techniques. Hence, that it will be educational
tourism for general public on the natural environment at San Isidro, Puerto
Galera becomes increasingly important for its preservation.
The researcher will adopt biomimicry and philosophy of organic
architecture to the resort, hotel, convention halls, swimming pools, and
oceanarium.
Biomimicry is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of
nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems; biomimicry in
architecture and manufacturing is the practice of designing buildings and

products that simulate or co-opt processes that occur in nature. (Mortice,
2016)
"A philosophy of architectural design, emerging in the early 20th
cent., asserting that in structure and appearance a building should be
based on organic forms and should harmonize with its natural
environment."
(Dictionary of Architecture and Construction)
Conceptual Framework
The researcher used the INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT, in the IPO
Model for the study.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1.Demographic
profile of tourist local
and foreign in Puerto
galera.
Conduct of
2. The location, type
survey through A W aterfront
of services, no. of
questionnaire . T ourism
man power,
population. C omplex
Analysis and
3. The possible interpretation of
outcomes in creating data .
a resort in Puerto
galera.
Statement of the Problem
This research aims to study the principles and standard for the
preparation of planning a oceanarium, biomimicry and organic architecture
waterfront Resort complex.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following problems:
1. The rise in hotel demand due to the influx to San Isidro Puerto
Galera of local and foreign tourist. Despite tourism improving in
recent years
and the "Best Undiscovered Domestic Tourist Destination"
competition, there is increasing pressure for lack of accommodation
on the long city's beaches.
2. The largest foreseeable problem of the Oceanarium facility will be
the controversy created when phillipines is having an especially dry
summer and water rationing is put into effect.
3. The potential for organic architecture in the Philippines, the
impression of typical Filipinos when they organic architecture is that
they are buildings with plants, or that they look very similar in
nature. Not realizing that they're supposed to work as one that
contributes to the community.
4. Neglected possibilities of biomimicry as a green building on the

Philippines. Perceptions of common Filipinos when they hear green
building is that they are buildings that grow plants in them or they look
somewhat similar in nature. Not knowing that they should function as one
that contributes to the environment.
Hypothesis
The hypothesis of this research focuses on the application of
biomimicry and organic architecture and design accordingly to the basic
architecture guidelines for a Water Front Resort Complex.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study focused on the preparation and designing of a Biomimicry
and organic architecture resort complex, to build and maintain all the
amenities and unite as one.
The researcher will also analyze the economic and environmental
effects of the plan on the site. It will cross every rule, if it will affect the
place and people, if it is harmful. The plan was designed to cover high-
class and foreign tourists from middle-class Filipinos. The researcher will
also cover the estimation of the project's population density, which will
impact the project's layout.
The study is not aimed at stopping resorts near the site and replacing big
resorts in the Philippines, but it does add to the country's beautiful features.
The research study was limited to learning how to create a building that
mimics and harmonize nature and will not set new standards on how to
construct a building.
Significance of the Study
Due to the rapid population growth in urban areas, and congestion to
famous tourist spots people nowadays are looking for ways to find breaks
and have freedom for a while. A new kind of relaxation can be created with
the proposed thesis project.
A proposed thesis project that will contribute to the progress of the
economic, tourist population of the San Isidro, Puerto Galera through
innovation of resort designing is a one way to see the proposal. By also
focusing on preserving the natural environment in creating a oceanarium
for us to be responsible and also to create a learning recreation area. The
project will also show how biomimicry and architectural organic resort
complex can greatly collide with the environment for a purpose. The
proposed thesis project will help to eradicate pollution to the surrounding
environment through new technologies.
The resort will make a big contribution towards changing the way of life
for investors, owners and people around. The proposed thesis project
could show that there are still more ways of getting closer to the natural
environment while still relaxing and enjoying the resort.

This research paper will help those who aspire to suggest buildings that
relate to nature and aspect of biomimicry and organic architecture to get
insights and tips. In addition, it will also be a great help in enhancing the
development of resorts in the Philippines to a world class level.
Definition of Terms
Waterfront a part of a town next to an area of water such as a lake, a
river, or the ocea.
Oceanarium a large seawater aquarium in which marine animals are
kept for study and public exhibit.
Biomimicry It is a concept termed biomimicry, which literally means
to mimic life. Design solutions adapted through the use of biomimicry are
intended to foster a more sustainable human experience and existence.
Major architectural design firms, in building and city design, are actively
using this new discipline.
Organic architecture used to describe his environmentally
integrated approach to architectural design. Wright was not concerned with
architectural style, because he believed that every building should grow
naturally from its environment. (Frank Lloyd Wright 1867-1959)

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This analysis follows a thematic review that addresses the key
subjects of the proposal which also respond to the question of the research
asked. It splits the analysis into parts: 1. Waterfront resort complex should
be build according to tourist and local Demographic profiles. 2. Complexity
of the resort. 3. Oceanarium Design of aquarium tanks, Water system,
lighting. 4. Biomimicry and organic architecture application to the project.
Waterfront resort complex should be build according to tourist and
local demographic Profile.
Puerto Galera is a municipality of the first class of the province of
Mindoro Oriental, Philippines that is formally the Municipality of Puerto
Galera. It is located in the easternmost part of the Oriental Mindoro and on
the south-western end of the island of verde, about 130 kilometers south of
Manila. The population of this is about 36,606. According to the 2015
census.
The traditional economy of the city used to be fishing and
subsistence agriculture, but with the boom of tourism at the end of the
1970s, the service sector became more and more important and led to
population and economic growth. Of the 13 villages ("barangays") in Puerto
Galera, half of them now rely on tourism-based activities for sustenance.
The town has a number of business and commercial
establishments. Candava Supermarket, New Virgo Grocery, Parkway
Supermarket, Castillo Store are supermarkets in Puerto Galera. Major
banks include Philippine National Bank (PNB) Savings Bank, Rural Bank of
Puerto Galera, Maxbank, and other microfinance banks.
In addition, Mindoro is quickly becoming one of the key places in the
development of renewable energy in the Philippines. With several large
wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal projects under construction, the island
hopes to be a net exporter of electricity by 2016.
Tourism now represents the core activity of the city economy which
is well known for its beaches, scuba diving and entertainment activities,
The city and its beaches have also become one of the many sites of the
Philippines tourism industry.
This coastal town has a number of pocket beaches and snorkeling
and Scuba diving spots. The area was designated a Man and Biosphere
Reserve of UNESCO in 1973 and has some of the most diverse coral reef
diving in Asia. Since 2001, the marine environment has benefited from a
huge reduction in the number of fishermen in the area, as they gain higher
revenue from tourism activities.
Puerto Galera is included in the list of the "Club of the Most Beautiful
Bays of the World", and is the only bay in the Philippines to be found there.
Among the beaches in Puerto Galera are Sabang Beach and White
Beach, which have an active nightlife with numerous bars and restaurants.
Both places are directly accessible from Batangas by bangka regular lines.
On the West, where is only a local boat connection to Abra de Ilog, the
planned road between the two cities has not been completed yet. On the
East, the city connects by road to Calapan through the Mindoro circular
road.
Sabang Beach is the main destination for foreign tourists. Big La
Laguna Beach and Small La Laguna Beach are considered part of Sabang
with resorts lining the beaches. Big La Laguna Beach is visited by local
swimmers and snorkelers. The city of Puerto Galera has a large central
Catholic church and a pier area with some dining outlets.
White Beach is situated 12 km east of Sabang beach. It is
connected by trike or jeepney to Sabang Beach. White Beach remains
popular with local travelers and Filipino families. The place features a long
beach of white fine sand. Filipinos like to come here at week ends and
during the holiday season. There is a long line of restaurants and a variety
of shops, the place is buzzing with life day and night. Since 2001, White
Beach has seen uncontrolled development. New restaurants and places to
stay are encroaching on the beach itself.
Behind the beaches are the generally unexplored mountain ranges
of central Mindoro. A local attraction is the 9-hole golf course located on
the hillside above White Beach which has views over Puerto Galera's
natural harbor and the Verde Island Passage. Mangyan tribes are
scattered over the mountainsides - some of the more remote tribes have
virtually no contact with the outside world. Of the eight tribes on Mindoro,
the Iraya are the largest. They are based in the Puerto Galera area.
Puerto Galera, especially Sabang area, is among the top diving
destinations in the Philippines and in Asia. Diving sites are found less than
5 minutes from Sabang Beach. The diving generally focuses around the
areas either side of Escarceo Point. Marine life is diverse. 180+ species of
nudibranchs are found in the area and many species of fish can be seen. A
variety of wrecks have been sunk over the years in addition to the one
wreck of an engine of a WWII Japanese patrol boat. The major diving
federations PADI, CMAS, NAUI and Technical Diving International - [TDI]
are represented in the area, offering courses from beginners' open water to
advanced and technical diving (rebreather). Diving trips in the Verde Island
passage, at the heart of the Coral Triangle are organised from Puerto
Galera. Many threatened species such as a variety of sea turtles including
hawksbills, olive ridleys, and green turtles, humphead wrasses, giant
groupers and giant clams are present in the Verde Island Passage.
The accelerated development of tourism jeopardizes the
preservation of its delicate ecological system consumed by
"overdevelopment due to a thriving but runaway free-market tourism".
Currently this appears to be the "biggest problem" of Puerto Galera.
Accelerated tourist oriented development poses degradation to the
environment, among which, seawater pollution brought about by improper
sewage and wastewater discharges. Unless serious action is taken, with
regular seawater monitoring, this situation poses a serious threat to the
sustainability of various tourist activities at the beaches.
In the summer of 1998, extensive coral bleaching occurred around
Medio Island and a large section of a shallow coral reef system (referred to
as the "Coral Gardens") died. Since then the coral has regrown with a
larger diversity of coral species replacing the prolific table corals. Corals in
Puerto Galera were largely unaffected by the 2010 El Niño event. The local
government declared the 4,828 ha of the municipal waters (12,690 ha) as
protected waters giving special protection to corals and reef fishes.

In 2006 two super typhoons damaged the shallow reefs around
Escarceo Point. A major section of the faster-growing coral species
growing up to a depth of 6 metres (20 ft) was destroyed. This represented
about 5% of the coral reef in the area. Extensive signs of new coral
recruitment were noted in mid-2008. Acropora species (staghorn and table
coral) rapidly recolonized the area so that most of the damaged coral has
been replaced with new growth.
Complexity of the resort.
Oceanarium Design of aquarium tanks, Water system, lighting.
Flexibility built into a new aquarium allows for periodic alterations
and new exhibits, which is important to its continuing commercial success.
Consequently it will be more responsive to new developments in exhibition
techniques and will be able to respond to the increasingly sophisticated
demands of its visitors.
In an aquarium complex with several display areas, the sequence of
exhibits and information must be easily understood by visitors. The
sequence may combine large tank displays housing a variety of animals,
with small tanks showing aspects of aquatic life in detail. The trend is to
encompass entire ecosystems and present living animals within the context
of their habitat, in its widest sense, while also conveying information on

animal behaviour, ecological and geographical aspects, water conservation
and pollution, the fishing industry and tidal mechanics.
The exhibits can be reinforced by a variety of multi-sensory
techniques and employ multi-media presentations. Each display addresses
a particular theme where biological information can be provided by
interactive devices.
Recent aquarium designs endeavour to recreate a complete aquatic
ecosystem in which natural replenishment is possible. The specific
environmental and behavioural needs of the exhibits have to be taken into
account; from the provision of rock arrangements to accommodate rock
dwellers and to allow fish to escape predators, to providing open space for
sharks to follow their continuous swim glide existence. The successful
exhibit has to combine the design skills of the architect and set designer
with the expertise of the biologist.
TYPES OF AQUARIUM TANKS
OCEAN SHORE TANK This is a tank that replicates the ocean shore,
complete with sand, waves and the shoe animal life. Wave machines are
utilized here to produce waves so as to create a natural effect.
GIANT OCEAN TANK It is generally a free standing cylindrical tank, 50 feet
in diameter and around four stories high with all windows all the way up
and down. It has a depth of 25 feet of water. In this 20,000 gallons of salt
water live sharks, sea turtles, stingray, moray eels and other marine
animals. The giant ocean tank is a large basket of glass and concrete.
Compression rings to support the outward pressure of 22 feet of water tie
down its precast concrete columns together. The glass windows
surrounding the sand are 54 inches wide and 74 inches high. At the bottom
of the tank where the pressure on each panel approximates to 15 tonnes,
the glass is 3 1/2 inches thick and is made of four laminations. Glass fibre
piping is used for the piping purpose to meet the enormous pressure of
water. The circulation of this tank contains 200,000 gallons of water. The
sand is piled up into a slope, then the rocks are buried deep into the slope
of the piled up sand, then the rocks hold the bank in its place and prevent it
from collapsing. Rocks or the compositions of rocks are used as a focal
point for the fishes to rest. However a number of such elements should be
avoided, as shy fishes prefer to go and hide behind them thus deterring
their view.
SHARK CHANNEL OR TUNNEL The shark tunnel or channel should be
torroidal in shape or circular ended to allow for the large turning radius of
the sharks. The minimum width should be 24 ft. and a depth of 7 ft.
CORAL REEF TANK These tanks represent the tidal zone of the oceans.
They can go higher to depict the mid and the bottom zone. Though the
coral reef tank can be constructed fully in glass the technical and the
constructional aspect need to be detailed out precisely. A full glass coral
tank requires specific maintenance. To avoid this, R.C.C. tanks can be
used such that it is punctured at different levels thus providing the view of
the different strata of the coral reefs.
The coral tank is designed so as to give the visitors a feeling of being in
water and observing closely the corals without the slightest fear of the
above mentioned dangers. A tunnel could be created so as to enable the
visitors to have a deeper look at the coral formations. Minimum depth
required in the tank is 15ft. (4.5mts).
Conditions required for coral development: 1. Corals are confined to clear
water less than 4000ft (122Mts) deep in nature. 2. The temperature should
not go below 65 degrees F. (18 degrees C). 3. The water should have
abundance of plankton to provide a food supply for the corals.
AQUARIUM TANK SHAPES The aquarium display tanks can have
different shapes according to the requirements:
RECTANGULAR BLOCK TANKS These types of tanks are suitable for
small fishes or invertebrates living in shoals and measuring 0.3 to 0.8m. In
length the size of the tank depends on the number of exhibits to be

displayed in it. Usually for proper maintenance, tank capacity is restricted
to 1500 to 2000 gallons (6750 to 9000 litres).
Advantages: Since the form of the tank is rigid it can be grouped to form a
row; this type of layout is economical and saves on space. Tank with a
height of 0.6m needs to be arranged by the height of the visitors looking at
the centre of the tank. Larger heights must have a proper viewing window
distance maintained from the viewing tank.
Disadvantage: Since the arrangement is in a single row it tends to be
repetitive and monotonous and hence lead to museum fatigue.
SLOPING SIDEWALL TANKS: In these tanks the sidewalls are tilted to an
angle, the maximum being 45 degrees so as to avoid the fishes from going
out of the vision of the viewers.
Advantages: Due to the angle of the sidewalls feeling of spaciousness is
created as the walls go out of the visual field of man. This sort of an
arrangement facilitates better viewing. In all glass.
construction, side of the tank should be limited to the glass size, fabricated
to the required specification. Fibreglass can be used in such cases. It is
completely inert, light, readily altered, drilled and can resist water pressure
to a certain limit larger size tanks are possible with the help of concrete for
large size species.

Disadvantage: The main disadvantage is that the spacing of these tanks
needs some considerations if it is to be made economical. Also the total
volume of the tank is restricted to 2000 gallons.
ROUNDED SIDE TANKS In this case the sides are rounded to prevent the
aquarium from looking like concrete tanks with rigid forms. They help often
to break the monotony. These are helpful especially for the sharks that are
incapable of sharp or abrupt turns.
OCEANARIUM TANKS Fishes, when swimming, tend to go in circles,
especially fish of large size like the sharks and dolphins. Thus the tank can
be circular, oval or doughnut shaped as shown earlier.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR TANKS Ideal tanks are those that are
least costly, light in weight, readily altered or moved, inert in the seawater,
with hard and smooth materials among other things. Though there are
many materials available for tank construction, no currently available
materials from which tanks may be produced have quite all the foregoing
desirable features. The different construction materials are as follows:
FIBERGLASS: For small tanks containing about 2000 gallons of water
fibreglass or plastic, impregnated plywood seems to be a good choice.
Fibreglass is completely inert, light weight and can be readily altered or
diluted fibreglass is probably the most practical supporting material for all
but the largest tanks since it is lightweight, strong, does not deteriorate and
can be easily fabricated into any shape. Adhesives for sealing the tank
include epoxy resins, polyvinyl chloride, silicone rubber and neoprene.
GLASS Sheets of polished plate glass up to 6m in length can be used. As
a thumb rule ¼ inches or 6mm. Thickness of the glass for 12 inches or 30
cm of depth could be allowed. Therefore water that is 24 inches deeper
requires ½ inches thick glass and 36 inches deep requires ¾ inches thick
glass. For an extra safety margin ½ inches should be increased.
Acrylic is the very versatile, can be shaped into dome, and can be shaped
into dome and cylindrical sections. Dome windows that project into the tank
can provide an intimate fish eye view of the aquarium. Cylindrical tanks can
provide attractive features, particularly effective when housing shoaling
fish; tunnel forms also, provide a unique underwater experience. Acrylic
can be separated but is a good insulator to cope with temperature
differences that would otherwise promote considerations. Acrylic can be
assembled with millions, sealant joints or with bonded joints. invisible joint.
structural mullions would require the panels to be designed to a higher
degree of safety. Panel sizes range from window panels 24ft long x 8ft high
and 8 inches thick to tunnels 65ft long 5ft radius.
WATER SYSTEMS There are three basic types of water systems: open,
closed and semi-closed.

OPEN WATER SYSTEMS In open systems the water flows through the
aquarium once and is discarded. This provides water quality comparable to
that of the natural environment and there is no build-up of toxic metabolic
wastes; however, temperature control and pumping are usually costly and
filtration often is necessary. Hence an open system is not preferred.
CLOSED WATER SYSTEMS Water is continuously re-circulated in closed
systems and is only renewed periodically. Metabolic wastes must be
treated since they are not continuously flushed from the system. An
important problem is that ammonia must be rapidly removed or
transformed because it is harmful even at very low concentrations. In the
aquarium the bacteria that convert ammonia to nitrite reside primarily in the
filter material and a slow sand filter with a large surface area is usually
provided to ensure their abundance. Plant growth in the aquarium,
especially in marine systems are not usually sufficient to utilize the entire
nitrate produced by bacteria from nitrite. Although some aquariums have
operated many years with a minimum of water renewal, it is normally
necessary to replace from 1 to 10 % of the water per month to maintain a
low level of nitrates. The use of charcoal in both fresh water and seawater
system helps to slow down the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes.
Metabolic wastes also cause an increase in the acidity of water. Carbonate
compounds are commonly used to maintain an optimal level of acidity,
particularly when water renewal is infrequent.

SEMI-CLOSED WATER SYSTEMS Semi closed are the same as closed
systems except that there is a constant connection to the water supply and
the problem of dissolved wastes is controlled by the regular addition of new
water; this system is more economical than the open type in terms of
temperature control and pumping. Systems vary through simple flow
through systems to completely automated recirculating systems with
special provisions for monitoring and controlling the physical and chemical
characteristics of water. The turnover rate or rate of water replacement, of
individual aquariums is important and should be no more than two hours. In
addition, aeration by means of air stones (diffusers) should be provided to
guard against asphyxia in the event of an unexpected water supply failure.
Fishes and invertebrates can also be maintained without filtration or
aeration in aquariums that are ‘balanced’ with plants; however, the balance
between plants and animals is very difficult to attain on a large scale or
even in a normally stocked aquarium, especially a seawater aquarium.
Freshwater pools for mammals and birds present a special problem. They
generally require a higher filtration rate and greater filter capacity because
they accumulate large amounts of faecal wastes. Air-breathing animals,
however, are not highly sensitive to water quality; thus, chemical
treatments, such as chlorination, which could kill fishes, can be used to
control bacteria and to improve water quality. Seawater formulas are
simpler; for a 2% sodium chloride solution will satisfactorily maintain

whales and dolphins. Seals and sea lions have been kept in fresh water,
but this may increase their eye problems because of the osmotic effect of
the freshwater on the eye tissues.
CLOSED WATER SYSTEMS 1. Unless aquariums can be built near a
dependable source of water, which is unpolluted, disease free and clear
closed water systems become necessary. 2. Completely closed system in
which water is added only to make for the loss by evaporation. 3. The
closed system, which has some flows through. 4. The site selection need
not be dictated by unavailable fresh water source. 5. Environmental control
of various parameters such as salinity, temperature and photoperiod. 6.
Ease of monitoring as storage is in reservoirs. 7. Convenience of sampling.
8. Convenience of continuous visual monitoring. 9. Ease of maintaining
several systems simultaneously. 10. Preferential selection of the biota
without the danger of contamination of the water by the plank tonic forms.
Natural water is subject to seasonal temperature fluctuations and may be
subjected to nature’s effects as storms, floods etc. it may be carry various
parasites, pollutants are also taken care of in a closed water systems. By
equipping a closed water system with good aeration and an efficient
biological filter the two most serious problems-ammonia toxicity and the
change of the ph levels can be greatly reduced. The following parameters
have to be agreed to: 1. 500 litres of cultured water are needed by per kg
of animals. 2. sq.m filter. 3. Bed consisting of 2.5 mm grains of calcareous
filter containing some magnesium shall be used. A flow rate of 80 litres per
minute through each sq. m of the filter bed surface shall be maintained.
Replacement of 25% of cultured water per month or in some cases 33%
every fortnight. The lamp and the water surface will prevent damage and
will cut down excessive losses due to evaporation.
WATER TREATMENT Water quality is of the utmost importance, as it
provides the life-support medium for the animals. Water treatment must
remove animal wastes, prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms,
remove toxic chemicals and maintain water clarity for viewing. It is
necessary to control salinity, hardness and algal growth. It is also
necessary to manage turbidity (resulting from suspension of fine air
bubbles, silt etc.), colour and light levels. An aquarium building needs a
specific engineering system to service the tanks, requiring approximately
90% of the building's area. The equipment includes filters, sterilisers,
pumping systems, heaters, reserve tanks, piping etc. Most aquariums have
been located near the sea and have an unlimited supply of sea water. The
water quality in the tanks is maintained by an 'open system', directly
circulating fresh sea water. When fresh sea water is unavailable as a result
of location or impurities, a closed system in which water is recirculated
becomes necessary. Water management filter systems include sand and
gravel filters, diatomaceous earth filters, biological and ultra-violet filters.

Treatment to eliminate micro-organisms and algae include chlorine, ozone,
ultra-violet radiation, copper salts and protein skimmers. Each species
requires a specialist designed system.
MECHANICAL FILTRATION It is the straining of the solid particles from
the aquarium water. It does not remove directly the dissolved ammonia nor
does it remove the algae or the solid particles trapped in the plants and
other objects. Wave makers improve the chances of removing the trapped
solids through the mechanical filter or vacuum filters can also be used.
Mechanical filters use filter material such as sponge paper phlox etc.
sponge being the commonest. These filter media have numerous small
pores, which trap the particles. These get clogged after some time and
need to be cleaned.
CHEMICAL FILTRATION This is the removal of dissolved wastes in the
aquarium waters. The dissolved wastes are of two types, polar and
nonpolar. Chemical filtration in case of non-polar can be actively achieved
by filtering the water through gas activated carbon. This works best on
nonpolar wastes though it also removes polar wastes. Polar wastes can
also be removed by another method called protein skimming, which is very
effective in removing dissolved, organic. Gas is developed from carbon,
which is processed to develop large number of minute holes, which trap
non-polar wastes at molecular level by means of ion exchange and

absorption, and carries out a process of molecular sieving. Reef aquaria
people are concerned about the phosphate leaching from activated carbon.
Low ash carbons have low phosphate leaching chances and they also
reduce the chance of undesirable pH shifts.
ZEOLITE This is another chemical filtrate. Protein skimmers are used in
reef aquariums. They have an ability to remove organic matter before it
decomposes. The process involves taking advantage of the polar nature of
the molecules, which are attracted, to the surface of air bubbles injected by
column of water. The resultant form is gathered and skimmed off.
INTEGRATED TOTAL FILTRATION: Modern advancement in filtration
technology has produced total integrated systems, which are aimed
particularly at the marine end of the fish keeping market. They include
some form of mechanical filtration followed by a biological filtration,
including a denitrifying filter. For marine tanks, such a set up also has
protein skimming. In an integrated system, filter parts are modular and
easily serviceable, but the combined bulk of the systems on top of the tank
often make special hood and lighting necessary.
Lighting manufacturers have responded to the different needs of the
aquarists by providing a range of bulb type and qualities. In general the
human eye responds to the aquaria lit with yellow green light because it
appears warmer and more appealing. Plants however prefer red/blue ends
of the spectrum. Although some light is absorbed in the water, the average
aquarium is not deep enough or normally not cloudy enough, for these to
make an appreciable difference.
NATURAL LIGHTING This is a correct spectrum range for all animals and
plants. This encourages algal growth. But this is quite unpredictable and
uncontrollable. Excess of sunlight would cause excessive growth of algae,
which would suffocate the aquarium.
TUNGSTEN LIGHTING These are extremely unsuitable as a form of
illumination for any type of modern aquarium. They do not give an optimum
light spectrum for good plant growth and are efficient, converting most of
the energy into heat, rather than into useful light output. They are therefore
no longer recommended as they have nothing to offer to the aquarist.
Biomimicry and organic architecture application to the project.
Hotels in resort destinations show wide diversity, responding to the
tourist attractions of the locality as well as marketing requirements. Hotels
in rural surroundings, isolated from business and local users used to create
their own individual amenities. (Fred Lawson, 2000)
Biomimicry is unusual use, it is the imitation of the models, system,
and elements of the nature for the purpose of solving complex human
problems a practice that simulate processes that occur in nature. While the
Organic architecture promotes harmony between human habitation and the
natural world.

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Rizal Technological University Department of Architecture: College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

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RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering and Industrial Technology

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Tourism is important to most developing countries and particularly to

most cases, it has brought about a favorable foreign exchange. In the

Philippines the resorts are in demand to foreign and locals as it offers

relaxation, entertainment, and landscape view. Times goes by many

entrepreneurs invest in having a resort and hotel resulting to increase the

The demand of tourism has led congestion in boracay and palawan

one of the famous beaches here in the Philippines. Decongestion of

popular tourist spot by providing a recreation venue in San Isidro Puerto

defines the beauty of Puerto Galera.

ort to the higher level of design and complexity. A combination of resort,

hotel, convention, swimming pools, and oceanarium, for indoor marine

interaction, water amenities, landscape, indoor and outdoor activity areas

biomimicry and organic architecture.

The researcher’s purpose of putting Oceanarium to a waterfront

resort complex is to provide an active ecological education and tourism

facility for Philippines. While Biomimicry is unusual use, it is the imitation of

complex human problems a practice that simulate processes that occur in

nature. While the Organic architecture promotes harmony between human

habitation and the natural world.

Therefore, the purpose of the research paper is to study the

standard for a waterfront resort complex with oceanarium, biomimicry and

organic architecture. To contribute to the development of not just the social

through evolution of resorts. Also this paper gives recommendation to

encourage investors, businessmen, capitals to invest on such projects.

The research was conducted to fulfill the course syllabus as well as

to satisfy the researcher's proposal for a recreational, relaxing, leisure and

Throughout the ages, man has constantly sought, explore, enjoy

with nature. In doing so investors are investing to tourism attraction,

however natural environment has often been exploited to an irreparable

extent while society ignorantly believed the earth to contain infinite

between renewable and nonrenewable resources. The researcher wants a

recognition and preservation of these renewable natural resources in

creating a oceanarium on a waterfront complex that will practice and

learned the conservation techniques. Hence, that it will be educational

Galera becomes increasingly important for its preservation.

The researcher will adopt biomimicry and philosophy of organic

architecture to the resort, hotel, convention halls, swimming pools, and

Biomimicry is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of

nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems; biomimicry in

architecture and manufacturing is the practice of designing buildings and

products that simulate or co-opt processes that occur in nature. (Mortice,

"A philosophy of architectural design, emerging in the early 20th

cent., asserting that in structure and appearance a building should be

based on organic forms and should harmonize with its natural

(Dictionary of Architecture and Construction)

The researcher used the INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT, in the IPO

Model for the study.

Statement of the Problem

preparation of planning a oceanarium, biomimicry and organic architecture

waterfront Resort complex.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following problems:

Galera of local and foreign tourist. Despite tourism improving in

and the "Best Undiscovered Domestic Tourist Destination"

competition, there is increasing pressure for lack of accommodation

on the long city's beaches.

2. The largest foreseeable problem of the Oceanarium facility will be