Toosloftradeenergy
Toosloftradeenergy
Toosloftradeenergy
Energy conservation and efficiency, and use of renewable energy, are the major elements
of this category. Another area is the reduction of ozone-depleting substances. Energy
and atmosphere considerations include the following: iii
❚ Building Systems Commissioning: Verify and ensure that building elements and systems
are designed, installed, and calibrated to operate as intended.
❚ Measurement and Verification: Provide for the ongoing accountability and optimization
of building energy and water consumption performance over time.
❚ Optimize Energy Performance: Achieve levels of energy performance at (or above) Title
24 levels (in California) to reduce environmental impacts associated with excessive energy
use. (Measures include: integrated/whole building systems design; passive solar design
strategies; natural ventilation strategies; high-performance façade and envelope systems;
efficient HVAC systems; efficient lighting and appliances; etc.)
❚ Renewable Energy (on site): Encourage and recognize increasing levels of self-supply
through renewable technologies to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil
fuel energy use.
❚ Green Power: Encourage the development and use of grid-source energy technologies
on a net zero pollution basis.
❚ Ozone Depletion: Reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the
Montreal Protocol (zero use of CFC, HCFC, or Halon-based HVAC, refrigeration, and fire
suppression systems).
Another great resource is the local PG&E Pacific Energy Center at 851 Howard Street near
5th, in San Francisco. The center offers regular, free workshops on building energy topics,
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including presentations on modeling tools. The center also has a Heliodon, a mechanical
device used to physically model how the sun will hit a site at any time during the year at any
geographic location; and the center features a Tool Lending Library that provides
measurement tools for analyzing solar availability, wind, topography, and other site
conditions. For more information, visit the center, go to http://www.pge.com/pec/ or call the
PEC at 415-973-7268.
Detailed profiles of a number of energy design software tools are provided in this section,
within the areas of energy simulation / whole building design, photovoltaic design, lighting
and daylighting design, skylight design, fenestration design, HVAC systems design, and
energy design training. The profiled tools were selected because they are some of the most
widely used and recommended, they can be used for commercial/institutional projects,
and./or they can be used by designers who are not necessarily energy specialists.
There are a number of energy simulation tools that are not included in this Tool Kit, in most
cases because they are highly technical and are only used by energy specialists. Some
additional programs include DOE-2, RESEM, Trace, SPARK, HAP, and BLAST. BLAST is said
to have a very accurate simulation engine, but it is highly technical and not as user-friendly as
many of the programs profiled in this report. There are also a number of programs
developed outside of the United States (such as the solar PV tool, RETScreen), which can
sometimes be useful in the U.S. context. Descriptions of almost all energy software
programs can be found on the DOE’s online database
(http://www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/tools_directory/).
In addition to software tools, this section lists other types of energy design-related resources
(such as websites, databases, or guides) at the end of each sub-section.
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WHOLE BUILDING DESIGN TOOLS
Detailed profiles of the following tools are provided in this section: eQuest, Solar-5, Energy
Scheming, Energy-10, EnergyPlus, EnergyPro, VisualDOE, and Building Design Advisor.
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DOWNLOAD I FORMAT
http://www.energydesignresources.com
COST: Free
Advantages:
❚ Models building energy use over a typical year using hourly climatic data.
❚ Allows for fast and effective comparison and "testing" of alternative systems.
❚ Robust, DOE-2-derived calculation engine.
❚ Extensive reporting parameters.
❚ Can import AutoCAD drawings; comes with a drawing module.
❚ Easy to use; helpful Wizards for quick preliminary building modeling.
❚ Gearing up to be a major Title 24 compliance tool (pending CEC review).
❚ Can be downloaded; also is on the Energy Design Resources CD-ROM, along
with SkyCalc.
Disadvantages:
❚ Non-standard HVAC systems design (radiant systems, underfloor ventilation)
cannot be modeled by non-experts, using this tool.
❚ Unstable technical support.
❚ Not yet Title-24 compliant (pending).
http://www.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools
COST: Free
Advantages:
❚ Generates a basic building design based on only four pieces of data (floor area,
number of stories, location, and building type) and will develop more detailed
designs as more information is added.
❚ Displays 3-D plots of hourly energy performance, heat flow through thermal mass,
indoor air temperature, daylighting, HVAC system output, cost of electricity and
heating fuel, and the corresponding amount of air pollution.
❚ Validated against DOE-2 and BLAST.
❚ User-friendly.
http://www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/tools_directory/software/energysc.htm
COST: $250
Advantages:
❚ 24-hour load analysis
❚ User-friendly, intuitive, easy to learn
❚ Graphical/visual data input and output
❚ Can export to DOE-2.1
❚ Because it’s meant for use during early, schematic design phase, enables
consideration of energy issues at same time as basic architectural issues, such
as site orientation, elevation, etc.
❚ Takes into account building heat loss, solar gain, ventilation, daylighting, shading,
etc.
Energy-10 "
http://www.sbicouncil.org/soft/
http://www.nrel.gov/buildings/energy10
Advantages:
❚ Analyzes and illustrates the energy and cost savings that can be achieved
through more than a dozen sustainable design strategies, including daylighting,
renewable energy systems, passive solar heating, natural ventilation, well-
insulated envelopes, high-efficiency windows, lighting systems, and mechanical
equipment.
❚ Provides site-specific climate data.
❚ User-friendly.
❚ Accurate.
❚ Automatic generation of base cases and energy-efficient alternatives.
❚ Hourly energy simulations.
❚ Comes with the Designing Low-Energy Buildings: Passive Solar Strategies design
guidelines handbook.
EnergyPlus "
http://www.eren.doe.gov/buildings /energyplus/
"A new generation building energy simulation program that builds on the most popular
features and capabilities of BLAST and DOE-2. EnergyPlus will include innovative
simulation capabilities including time steps of less than an hour, modular systems
simulation modules that are integrated with a heat balance-based zone simulation,
and input and output data structures tailored to facilitate third party interface
development. Other planned simulation capabilities include solar thermal, multizone
airflow, and electric power simulation including photovoltaic systems and fuel cells."
(DOE profile)
Advantages:
❚ Models building energy use over a typical year using hourly climatic data.
❚ High level of computer literacy not required.
❚ Accurate, detailed simulation capabilities through complex modeling capabilities.
Input is geared to the 'object' model way of thinking. Successful interfacing using
IFC standard architectural model has been demonstrated.
❚ Extensive testing (comparing to available test suites) is being done during
development and results will be made available.
❚ EnergyPlus has been tested against the IEA BESTest building load and HVAC
tests.
Disadvantages:
❚ Difficult to use without a graphical user interface. (It remains to be seen whether
an interface is developed; DOE does not plan to develop one.)
http://www.eley.com
Advantages:
❚ Based on DOE-2.1E simulation tool; energy use and peak demand evaluated on
an hourly basis. Comes with complete DOE-2.1E documentation.
❚ Software Suite includes VisualPlant, VisualRate, VisualSchedule, and
VisualConstruction (also sold separately)
❚ Can construct model using standard block shapes or a built-in drawing tool
❚ Weather data provided
❚ CAD compatible
❚ Skylight editor feature
❚ Unlimited technical support
Disadvantages:
❚ Difficult to model advanced features, such as displacement ventilation
(a limitation of DOE-2).
http://www.energysoft.com
Advantages:
❚ California Energy Commission-supported, Title 24 compliance tool.
❚ User-friendly, Report Wizards, Calculation Manager.
❚ Models building energy use over a typical year using hourly climatic data.
❚ 3.1 update now available for 3.0 users.
❚ Prescriptive and performance/DOE-2.1E simulations.
http://gaia.lbl.gov/BDA
Advantages:
❚ Supports the integration of multiple building models and databases.
❚ Allows comparison of multiple design solutions with multiple descriptive and
performance parameters, for decision making.
❚ Automatically prepares input to simulation tools and integrates their output.
❚ Useful from the early, schematic phases through detailed specification of
components and systems.
❚ Links to a Daylighting Computation Model, an Electric Lighting Computation
Model, and DOE-2.1E.
A couple of programs are available to help building designers position and size photovoltaic
(PV) solar panel systems (as well as solar hot water heating and wind power systems) for
their projects. Clean Power Estimator and PV WATTS are free web-based programs, while
PV-DesignPro and SolarPro are more technical programs available for purchase.
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DOWNLOAD I FORMAT
http://www.clean-power.com/cec/
FORMAT: Interactive website (more graphics for Windows than for Mac)
COST: Free
Advantages:
❚ Similar to PV WATTS, but also has utility rate tariffs built in and addresses wind
power, as well as solar.
❚ Generates information on: net cost, annual and monthly savings and costs, cash
flow, tax rates, daily and monthly electricity output, avoided CO2 emissions,
current and proposed loads, wind outputs and wind power curve.
❚ Generates customized reports based on location and information entered
regarding electric utility bill, rate schedule, the type of generating system, annual
cost of electricity, and preferred ways of paying for or financing the system(s).
❚ Allows for evaluating potential future rate increases.
❚ Provides net metering rate schedules.
❚ User-friendly.
PV Watts "
http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/codes_algs/PVWATTS/
COST: Free
Advantages:
❚ Uses hourly weather data from stations throughout the U.S.
❚ Calculates the estimate of monthly and annual energy production in kWh and
cost savings.
❚ Two types of calculators are available; user has the option to specify a specific
location, PV system size, local electric costs, and type of PV array, or can use
default system parameters.
http://mauisolarsoftware.com
COST: $149 (for the suite of programs; $125 for SolarPro only)
Advantages:
❚ Hourly, annual modeling based on local climate and system design.
❚ Includes climate and PV panel databases.
❚ Provides information on likely system power output and load consumption, and
necessary backup power.
❚ Based on the Sandia Labs field testing model.
❚ Includes financial costing and buyback factors.
Some of the most popular lighting and daylighting software programs include Desktop
Radiance, Lumen Micro, and Lightscape; these three are profiled in this report. Also
summarized are Lithonia Visual, Superlite, AGI 32, ProjectKalc, and FLEX, as well as a few
non-software tools.
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DOWNLOAD I FORMAT
http://radsite.lbl.gov/deskrad/
COST: Free
Advantages:
❚ AutoCAD-14 compatible.
❚ Very accurate simulation engine, which takes into account multiple reflectants.
❚ Produces photo-realistic images of architectural space in all lighting conditions.
❚ Includes libraries of materials, glazings, luminaires, and furnishings.
❚ Facilitates energy-efficient lighting and daylighting design.
❚ Predicts financial and experiential benefits.
❚ Produces DOE-2-ready data.
Note: Adeline 2.0 is the Windows interface for the UNIX version of Radiance.
http://www.lumenmicro.com
COST: $600
Advantages:
❚ CAD interface and import/export available.
❚ Includes an extensive product library.
❚ Can be linked to Lightscape 3.2 for photo-realistic color renderings.
❚ Animated walkthrough option.
❚ User-friendly.
Disadvantage:
❚ Program not designed for modeling irregular, non-rectangular spaces.
Note:
Lighting Technologies, Inc. also sells Lightscape 3.2 by Autodesk and Simply Lighting 2002.
http://www.lightscape.com
Advantages:
❚ Complements all Autodesk design and animation programs; compatible with
AutoCAD 2000 and previous version.
❚ Can plug into Autodesk’s new 3D Studio VIZ and Studio MAX software.
❚ Simulation with radiosity captures subtle lighting effects.
❚ Interactive walkthrough of virtual environments.
❚ User-friendly interface.
Superlite 2.0
http://eetd.lbl.gov/btp/superlite2.html
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. DOS-based daylighting tool. Free download.
ProjectKalc
http://208.254.22.6/index.cfm?c=business.bus_index
Energy Star: U.S. Department of Energy/Environmental Protection Agency. Lighting
upgrade, energy and economic analysis tool. Free download.
FLEX 3.0.1
http://www.fishbaugher.com/flex/index.html
Federal Lighting Energy Expert, from the Federal Energy Management Program.
Windows/DOS lighting retrofit, lifecycle costing tool for energymanagers. Free.
Heliodon
PG&E Pacific Energy Center, 415-973-7268
851 Howard St., San Francisco
The Heliodon is a mechanical device used to physically model how the sun will hit a site at
any time during the year at any geographic location.
EDR Lights
http://www.energydesignresources.com
A distance learning program on lighting tailored for California architects, contractors, and
engineers. Self-paced course covering energy efficient lighting for new, non-residential
construction.
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58
SKYLIGHT DESIGN TOOL
The SkyCalc software program is profiled in this section, accompanied by links to two other
free online resources related to skylight design.
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DOWNLOAD I FORMAT
http://www.energydesignresources.com/tools/skycalc.html
COST: Free
Advantages:
❚ One-of-a-kind program that calculates the lighting and whole building energy
impacts of various designs.
❚ Provides data for many climate zones in California.
❚ Compares the net energy cost savings using a variety of electric lighting control
strategies.
❚ Produces graphs and charts that describe hourly, annual energy-use patterns.
❚ User-friendly; simple data inputs.
❚ SkyCalc User Guide is available, as are Skylighting Guidelines and case studies.
❚ Can be downloaded; also is on the Energy Design Resources CD-ROM, along
with eQuest.
(Note: This program does not provide accurate data for buildings with more than a slight roof
slope.)
There are several free software programs for efficient window design and selection,
designed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. However, none of them are ideally
suited for use by city architects or engineers. The following are brief descriptions of the
available programs and their applications:
Therm 2.1a
http://windows.lbl.gov/software/therm/therm.html
A program for analyzing two-dimensional heat transfer through building products; primarily
for use by building component manufacturers, engineers, and students.
Resfen 3.1
http://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen/resfen.html
A program for calculating the heating and cooling energy use of windows in residential
buildings; helpful for comparing the performance of two or more different window types.
Window 4.1/5.0
http://windows.lbl.gov/software/window/window.html
A program for analyzing window thermal and optical performance; primarily used by window
manufacturers to rate their products and by public officials developing building energy
codes.
Also see the SkyCalc and the AAMA Skylight Handbook descriptions in the previous section.
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H.V.A.C. SYSTEMS DESIGN TOOLS
65
DOWNLOAD I FORMAT
http://mm3.energy.wsu.edu/mmplus/default.stm
COST: Free
Advantages:
❚ Includes motor inventory management tools, maintenance log tracking, efficiency
analysis, lifecycle costing, savings evaluation, energy accounting, etc.
❚ Used to identify inefficient or oversized facility motors
http://208.254.22.6/index.cfm?c=business.bus_index
APPLICATIONS: Variable Air Volume (VAV) system and centrifugal chiller cost
analyses
COST: Free
Advantages:
❚ User-friendly
❚ QuikFan provides screening-level data without complex building data; relates to
the application of variable speed drives to fan motors; has options for high-
efficiency motor installation and static pressure reset.
❚ QuikChill performs full economic and energy analyses of upgrade scenarios
involving complex chiller plants; handles consolidation of existing chillers,
integration of new chillers, and retrofits to existing chillers. An excellent tool for
CFC phase-out issues.
DESIGN TOOLS: H.V.A.C. SYSTEMS DESIGN: QuikFan 4.0 and QuikChill 1.00 67
DOWNLOAD I FORMAT
YORKworks "
YorkCalc
http://www.york.com/products/esg/Software/EngYorkWorks/body.asp
Advantages:
❚ Includes the YorkCalc program for calculating and comparing costs of operating
single or multiple chillers from multiple manufacturers.
❚ Also includes programs for configuring, selecting, and rating indoor and outdoor
air handling units; loose coils; and DX chiller products.
DOWNLOAD I FORMAT
h t t p : / / w w w. t r a n e . c o m / c o m m e r c i a l / s o f t w a r e / a n a l y s i s . a s p
Advantages:
❚ User-friendly
❚ Comes with one year of technical support
There are a number of other software tools for HVAC design, many of which are highly technical and
meant primarily for use by HVAC experts. These include TRACE (Load 700), HAP, Elite, and Wrightsoft.
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ENERGY DESIGN TRAINING TOOLS
EcoAdvisor
http://www.ecoadvisor.com
Web or CD; Windows only.
Free (online version); $49.95 per CD
(for government users).
Interactive, multimedia training and
guidance tools, which adapt to users’
location and level of expertise. The
graphics-intensive lessons are useful
for building owners, managers, and
decision-makers, as well as construction agencies and design professionals. The HVAC
Energy Primer has been completed; it is focused on mechanical system design for large
buildings. Modules for Lighting, Daylighting, and Building Form & Envelope are being
developed. To use the free online version, Macromedia Authorware must be downloaded.
Energy Star
http://www.energystar.gov
A joint program of the U.S. Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency.
The website provides information on energy efficiency, as well as lists of products with the
Energy Star rating (including roofs, appliances, lighting, etc.).
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