Current, Resistance and EMF - DONE

University of Cebu – Lapulapu and Mandaue Home Assignment (Current, Resistance, and EMF)

College of Engineering Summer 2020 – Online Class

PHYS 121- Physics for Engineers Class Schedule: 11:00 – 2:00 pm M-F
Instructor: Engr. Dave Theodore R. Seroje
Date Given: July 10,2020 Deadline: July 12, 2020
Name: ___Cindy A. Boysillo__________

Program and Year: __BSEE-1________
Book Resources:
- Schaum’s Outlines: College Physics 9th Edition by Frederick J. Bueche and Eugene Hecht, McGRAW-Hill
- Sears and Zemansky’s University Phyisc with Modern Physics 13 th Edition by Hugh D. Young and Roger A.
Freedman, Addison-Wesley
Essay Questions
1. After reading the assigned topic, in your own understanding explain the relationship of current, resistance and
electromotive force. Cite example to support your answer.
2. A cylindrical rod has resistance R. If we triple its length and diameter, what is its resistance, in terms of R?
3. Two copper wires with different diameters are joined end to end. If a current flow in the wire combination, what
happens to electrons when they move from the larger-diameter wire into the smaller-diameter wire? Does their
drift speed increase, decrease, or stay the same? If the drift speed changes, what is the force that causes the
change? Explain your reasoning.
4. Current causes the temperature of a real resistor to increase. Why? What effect does this heating have on the
resistance? Explain.
5. High-voltage power supplies are sometimes designed intentionally to have rather large internal resistance as a
safety precaution. Why is such a power supply with a large internal resistance safer than a supply with the same
voltage but lower internal resistance?
Problem solving: (Show your complete solution).
Current
1. A silver wire 2.6 mm in diameter transfers a charge of 420 C in 80 min. Silver contains 5.8 x 10 28 free electrons
per cubic meter. (a) What is the current in the wire? (b) What is the magnitude of the drift velocity of the
electrons in the wire?
2. Copper has 8.5 x 1028 free electrons per cubic meter. A 71.0-cm length of 12-gauge copper wire that is 2.05 mm
in diameter carries 4.85 A of current. (a) How much time does it take for an electron to travel the length of the
wire? (b) Repeat part (a) for 6-gauge copper wire (diameter 4.12 mm) of the same length that carries the same
current. (c) Generally speaking, how does changing the diameter of a wire that carries a given amount of current
affect the drift velocity of the electrons in the wire?
Resistivity and Resistance

1. A 1.50-m cylindrical rod of diameter 0.500 cm is connected to a power supply that maintains a constant potential
difference of 15.0 V across its ends, while an ammeter measures the current through it. You observe that at room
temperature 20.0°C the ammeter reads 18.5 A, while at 92.0°C it reads 17.2 A. You can ignore any thermal
expansion of the rod. Find (a) the resistivity at 20.0°C and (b) the temperature coefficient of resistivity at 20.0°C
for the material of the rod.
2. A 14-gauge copper wire of diameter 1.628 mm carries a current of 12.5 mA. (a) What is the potential difference
across a 2.00-m length of the wire? (b) What would the potential difference in part (a) be if the wire were silver
instead of copper, but all else were the same?
Electromotive Force
1. A copper transmission cable 100 km long and 10.0 cm in diameter carries a current of 125 A. (a) What is the
potential drop across the cable? (b) How much electrical energy is dissipated as thermal energy every hour?
2. In the circuit of Figure, the 5.0 ohms resistor is removed and replaced by a resistor of unknown resistance R.
When this is done, an ideal voltmeter connected across the points b and c reads 1.9 V. Find (a) the current in the
circuit and (b) the resistance R.
Energy and Power in electrical circuits

1. The power rating of a light bulb (such as a 100-W bulb) is the power it dissipates when connected across a 120-V
potential difference. What is the resistance of (a) a 100-W bulb and (b) a 60-W bulb? (c) How much current does
each bulb draw in normal use?
2. Consider the circuit of Figure. (a) What is the total rate at which electrical energy is dissipated in the 5.0-Ω and
9.0-Ω resistors? (b) What is the power output of the 16.0-V battery? (c) At what rate is electrical energy being
converted to other forms in the 8.0-V battery? (d) Show that the power output of the 16.0-V battery equals the
overall rate of dissipation of electrical energy in the rest of the circuit.
Answer: Essay Questions

1. A current is any motion of charge from one region to another. The resistivity of a material is the ratio of
the magnitudes of electric ﬁeld and current density. The electromotive force (e) or e.m.f. is the energy
provided by a cell or battery per coulomb of charge passing through it, it is measured in volts (V). It is equal
to the potential difference across the terminals of the cell when no current is flowing . Any voltage source (in
this case, a carbon-zinc dry cell) has an emf related to its source of potential difference, and an internal
resistance r related to its construction. (Note that the script E stands for emf.). Also shown are the output
terminals across which the terminal voltage V is measured. Since V = emf − Ir, terminal voltage equals emf
only if there is no current flowing.
2. Given: 3L, 3d
Solution:
we know that the equation for the resistance is
R= ρ(L)/A ; A=π(d/2)^2
Substituting the given values of the length and diameter:
R= ρ(3L)/π(3d/2)^2
R= ρ(3L)/9π(d/2)^2 ; π(d/2)^2=A
R= ρ(3L)/9A
therefore;
R=ρ(L)/3A
3. The current intensity I, the charge Concentration n and is the charge of the charge carries are constant
material, therefore the drift speed depends only on the cross-sectional area with an inversely proportional
relation. So as the electron moves from large-diameter wire to small-diameter wire, the drift speed increases.
The force that increases the drift speed is increasing the number of collisions between electrons due to
reducing the cross-sectional area of wire.
4. Because current flowing through a resistor causes energy to be dissipated as heat within the resistor ( W =
R*I^2). In general, heating most resistive materials will cause their resistance to change. If the resistance of
the material increases with temperature, such as most metals, the material has a positive temperature
coefficient.
5. In order to limit the current to low values, large internal resistance is used in high-voltage power supplies.
This provides safety. A supply with the same voltage but lower internal resistance would have higher current
and thus would be less safe while operating.
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University of Cebu – Lapulapu and Mandaue Home Assignment (Current, Resistance, and EMF)

College of Engineering Summer 2020 – Online Class

Name: _Cindy A. Boysillo________

Problem solving: (Show your complete solution).

Resistivity and Resistance

Energy and Power in electrical circuits

Answer: Essay Questions

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