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    Electronic Eye Project - Antony Joy

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    ratheeshbr
    This document certifies that Antony Joy completed an investigatory project on an electronic eye security system under the guidance of his physics teacher Mr. Ritto Anto. It acknowledges the support received from the principal and other staff. The introduction explains that an electronic eye uses a light beam to detect obstructions and prevent garage doors from closing if an object breaks the beam. The circuit diagram and working of the electronic eye security system are described, which uses an LDR, transistors, and buzzer to detect objects and ring an alarm. The applications and precautions for operating the circuit safely are also outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Electronic Eye Project - Antony Joy

    Uploaded by

    ratheeshbr
    2K views14 pages
    This document certifies that Antony Joy completed an investigatory project on an electronic eye security system under the guidance of his physics teacher Mr. Ritto Anto. It acknowledges the support received from the principal and other staff. The introduction explains that an electronic eye uses a light beam to detect obstructions and prevent garage doors from closing if an object breaks the beam. The circuit diagram and working of the electronic eye security system are described, which uses an LDR, transistors, and buzzer to detect objects and ring an alarm. The applications and precautions for operating the circuit safely are also outlined.

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    Electronic_eye_project_-antony_joy

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    This document certifies that Antony Joy completed an investigatory project on an electronic eye security system under the guidance of his physics teacher Mr. Ritto Anto. It acknowledges the support received from the principal and other staff. The introduction explains that an electronic eye uses a light beam to detect obstructions and prevent garage doors from closing if an object breaks the beam. The circuit diagram and working of the electronic eye security system are described, which uses an LDR, transistors, and buzzer to detect objects and ring an alarm. The applications and precautions for operating the circuit safely are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views14 pages

    Electronic Eye Project - Antony Joy

    Uploaded by

    ratheeshbr
    This document certifies that Antony Joy completed an investigatory project on an electronic eye security system under the guidance of his physics teacher Mr. Ritto Anto. It acknowledges the support received from the principal and other staff. The introduction explains that an electronic eye uses a light beam to detect obstructions and prevent garage doors from closing if an object breaks the beam. The circuit diagram and working of the electronic eye security system are described, which uses an LDR, transistors, and buzzer to detect objects and ring an alarm. The applications and precautions for operating the circuit safely are also outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CERTIFICATE

    This is to certify that Antony Joy of class xii j has successfully


    completed the investigatory project on the topic “ELECTRONIC
    EYE” under the guidance of Mr. Ritto Anto (subject teacher –
    physics) during the year 2018-19 in the partial fulfillment of the
    physics practical examination conducted by CBSE

    Teachers signature Principal’s signature


    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    I would like to sincerely and profusely thank my Physics teacher


    Mr.Ritto Anto, for his able guidance and support in completing my
    project

    I would also like to extend my gratitude to the principal for


    privinding me with all the facility that was required

    Last but not the least, I would extend my gratitude towards all
    teaching and non teaching staff of Believers Church Vijayagiri
    Public school and towads my friends who have supported me to
    complete this project

    Antony Joy
    INTRODUCTION

    An electric eye is a photo detector used for detecting obstruction


    of a light beam. An example is the door safety system used
    on garage door openers that use a light transmitter and receiver
    at the bottom of the door to prevent closing if there is any
    obstruction in the way that breaks the light beam. The device
    does not provide an image; only presence of light is detectable.
    Visible light may be used, but infrared radiation conceals the
    operation of the device and typically is used in modern systems.
    Originally, systems used lamps powered by direct current or the
    power line alternating current frequency, but modern photo
    detector systems use an infrared light-emitting diode modulated
    at a few kilohertz, which allows the detector to reject stray light
    and improves the range, sensitivity and security of the device.

    Electronic Eye Controlled Security


    System Circuit Principle:

    The main principle of the circuit is to ring the door bell when
    there is any person at the entrance. Light on the LDR determines
    whether a person is present or not. When there is any object at
    the entrance, LDR is in dark and buzzer starts ringing and the LED
    starts glowing.

    Circuit Diagram of Electronic Eye


    Controlled Security System

    Circuit Components:
     7805 regulator U1
     Resistors R1,R2,R3,R4,R5-100k,1k,100,22o,820
     1N4007 diode D1
     Capacitors C1,C2
     BC 547 transistors Q1,Q2
     Light Dependent Resistor
     Buzzer BUZ1
     Light Emitting Diode D2.
     Bread board
     Connecting wires
     DC 9V battery.

    Electronic Eye Controlled Security


    System Circuit Design:
    This circuit can be divided into two parts. One is the power supply
    and the other is logic circuit. In the power supply 9v supply is
    converted to the 5v .The logic circuit operates the buzzer when
    any shadow falls on it.

    Power supply circuit consists of battery, diode, regulators and


    capacitors. Initially a 9v battery is connected to the diode. Diode
    used here is a P-N junction diode of 1N4007 series. In this circuit
    1N4007 is connected in the forward bias condition .The main
    purpose of the diode in this circuit is to protect the circuit from
    negative voltages .There is a chance of connecting battery with
    reverse polarities which damages the circuit. So P-N junction
    diode connected in the forward bias allows the current to flow
    only in one direction and thus the circuit can be protected .There
    is some voltage drop across the diode. A voltage of 0.7V is
    dropped across the diode.

    A regulator is used for regulating the output voltage of the circuit


    .The regulator IC used here is 7805.78 represents the series and
    05 represents the output voltage .Thus a voltage of 5v is produced
    at the output of the regulator .Two capacitors are used before
    and after the regulator .These two capacitors eliminate the ripples
    .Thus a constant voltage is produced at the output of the
    regulator, which is applied to the logic circuit.

    The logic circuit mainly consists of Light Dependent Resistor,


    transistors,Op-amp IC and a buzzer. A 220KOhm resistor is
    connected in series to the LDR. Light dependent resistor will have
    resistance in mega ohms when it is placed in dark. This resistance
    value will decrease gradually when it is placed in the light. Thus
    there is a variation in the series resistances. When the LDR is in
    dark it has high resistance and produces the logic high value at the
    output .When the LDR is in light, the resistance value of the LDR
    decreases and at the not gate it gives logic low voltage.
    The op-amp IC used is LM 358.This IC compares the two inputs
    and produces an output which is applied to the transistor. Two
    transistor are connected to the buzzer from these resistances.
    The first transistor inverts the input from the op-amp. The second
    transistor drives the buzzer. The diode is placed for protection.

    Buzzer used here is a 5v magnetic buzzer. It has two pin at the


    output. One pin is connected to the not gate and the other pin is
    connected to the Light Emitting Diode.LED is used for indication
    only. When the output from logic gate is high buzzer starts
    ringing. Led also starts blinking.
    Block Diagram of Electronic Eye
    Security Control System

    The block diagram of the electronic eye security control system


    mainly includes Battery, Slide switch, LDR, Ripple Counter IC,
    Transistor, Buzzer, Relay, Bulb, Diode, Transformer, Capacitor and
    Resistor. The main principle of this Electronic eye security control
    system project is to give a buzzer when there is any person at the
    door entrance. When the light falls on the LDR tells whether a
    person at the door entrance is present or not. Whenever there is
    any object placed at the entrance of the door, light dependent
    resistor is in dark and gives the buzzer and the LED starts blinking.
    Working
    When NOT gate goes high(1) the input pin is at lower and at 1/3rd
    level of the supply voltage. Conversely the output goes low(o)
    when it is above 1/3rd level. So small change in the voltage of pin 2
    is enough to change the level of output (pin-3) from 1 to 0 and 0
    to 1
    The output has only two states high and low and cannot remain in
    any intermediate stage it is powered by a 9V batter for portable
    use. The circuit is economic in power consumption, Pin 1 is
    connected to the positive supply and pin 8 is grounded. LDR used
    in the circuit is a special type of resistance whose value depends
    on the brightness of the light which is falling on it.
    It has resistance of about I mega ohm when in total darkness, but
    a resistance of only about 5k ohms when brightness illuminated. It
    responds to a large part of light spectrum. We have made a
    potential divider circuit with LDR and 220 kilo ohm resistance
    connected in series. We know that voltage is directly proportional
    to conductance so with more voltage we will get from this divider
    when LDR is getting light and low voltage in darkness
    This divided voltage is given to input of Not gate. As soon as LDR
    gets dark the voltage of input not gate drops 1/3rd of the supply
    voltage and pin 2 gets high and LED or buzzer which is connected
    to the output gets activated.
    How to Operate this Electronic
    Eye Controlled Security
    System Circuit?
     Initially, connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram on
    the bread board.
     Now connect the supply voltage of 9v using battery.
     Place the Light Dependent Resistor in light .You can observe
    no sound is produced from the buzzer.
     Place the LDR in dark buzzer starts ringing. LED connected to
    the buzzer also starts blinking.
     As the intensity falling on the LDR increases sound produced
    by the buzzer increases.

    Electronic Eye Controlled Security


    System Applications:
     This can be used in door bell circuits.
     This can be used in garage door opening circuits.
     Electronic eye can be used in security applications.
    Conclusion
     Hence, when the light beam is made to fall on the LDR and is
    interrupted, the resistance of LDR increases and IC -4049 will
    produce a loud sound in the speaker
    Precautions

    1. Keep safe yourself from high voltage.


    2. While taking the readings of current and voltage the A.C should
    remain constant.
    3. Use equipments with care for the purpose for which it is
    intented
    4. when working with electric circuits, be sure that the current is
    turned off before making adjustments in the circuits
    Bibliography
     Wikipedia
     Internet
     School library
     Teachers
     Electronic devices and circuit theory

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