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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Handouts

The document discusses quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research focuses on collecting and analyzing numerical data using statistical methods, and can be experimental or non-experimental. Non-experimental quantitative research describes relationships between variables without determining causes. It includes survey, historical, observational, correlational, and descriptive research. Quantitative research aims for objectivity, while qualitative research explores peoples' subjective experiences through open-ended questions. The key differences between quantitative and qualitative methods are also outlined.

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Sharlyn Balgoa
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Topics covered

  • Research Findings,
  • Inquiry,
  • Sampling Techniques,
  • Subjective Research,
  • Data Collection Methods,
  • Research Trends,
  • Research Planning,
  • Research Results,
  • Research Objectives,
  • Research Ethics
7K views3 pages

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Handouts

The document discusses quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research focuses on collecting and analyzing numerical data using statistical methods, and can be experimental or non-experimental. Non-experimental quantitative research describes relationships between variables without determining causes. It includes survey, historical, observational, correlational, and descriptive research. Quantitative research aims for objectivity, while qualitative research explores peoples' subjective experiences through open-ended questions. The key differences between quantitative and qualitative methods are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Sharlyn Balgoa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • Research Findings,
  • Inquiry,
  • Sampling Techniques,
  • Subjective Research,
  • Data Collection Methods,
  • Research Trends,
  • Research Planning,
  • Research Results,
  • Research Objectives,
  • Research Ethics
  • Nature of Inquiry and Research: Introduces key terms and concepts related to inquiry and research, including definitions and characteristics of quantitative research.
  • Planning a Survey Research: Covers the methods and objectives of planning a survey research, highlighting important considerations for effective survey design.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

Inquiry – a term that is synonymous to “investigation” which means to ask questions to probe
or examine something.

Research – is a scientific , experimental, or inductive manner of thinking; it starts from a


particular idea and ends in a more complex idea; it involves execution of varied thinking acts
that ranges from lower order to higher order thinking strategies

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative Research – focuses on specific things by means of statistics that involve


collection and study of numerical data; expressed in numerical forms, objective thinking,
statistical methods and measurements.

Characteristics of Quantitative Research

 Objective type of research


 Analogous to scientific or experimental thinking
 Theorize, hypothesize, analyse, infer and creates problems
 Usually happens in hard sciences

Classifications of Quantitative Research

 Experimental – deals with the subject of the research in a definite or exact manner
and determines the cause of effects of the treatment of the subject, then discovers
the causes of such effects.

a. True Experimental- uses random selection in determining who among the


participants should compose the experimental and control group.
b. Quasi- Experimental – adopts a comparative technique in choosing the
subjects
 Non-experimental – a way of finding out truths about a subject by describing the
collected data about the subject and determining their relationships or collections
with one another

Characteristics of Non-experimental Research

 Incapable of establishing cause-effect relationship


 Involves various ways of data analysis
o Primary – analysis of data collected by the researcher himself.
o Secondary – examination of data collected by other people.
o Meta-analysis – analysis of data expressed numerically
 Uses research methods that are applicable to both quantitative and qualitative data
 Collects data through survey, observation, historical studies and so on.

Types of Non-experimental Research


1. Survey Research
2. Historical
3. Observational
4. Correlational
5. Descriptive
6. Comparative
Importance of Quantitative Research

 Production of results that should reflect precise measurement and an in-depth analysis
of data
 to obtain objective understanding of people, things, places and events
 enables an objective study of the surroundings
 to obtain information about specific personality traits of a member of group as a whole.

QUANTITATIVE VS. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH


STANDARDS QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
Mental Survey of reality Exist in physical world Results from social interactions
Revealed by automatic
Explained by peoples’ objective
Cause-effect relationship descriptions of circumstances
desire
or conditions
Researcher’s involvement Objective Subjective
Expression of data, data
Numerals, statistics Verbal language
analysis and findings
Plans all research aspect Takes place as the research
Research plan
before collecting data proceeds gradually
Behaviour toward research Control or manipulation of Desires to preserve natural
aspect/conditions research conditions setting
Obtaining knowledge Scientific method Multiple methods
Evaluates objectives and
Makes social intentions
Purpose examines cause-effect
understandable
relationship
Thematic codal ways,
Data-analysis technique Mathematically based methods
competence based
Impersonal, scientific,
Style of expression Personal, lacks formality
systematic
Purposive sampling or use of
Sampling technique Random sampling
samples based on some criteria

Survey Research – is a method of research that aims to knowing what big number of people
think and feel about some sociological issues; it is the most used non-experimental research in
the field of sociology, psychology and humanities.

Purposes of Survey research

 To obtain information about people’s opinions and feelings about an issue


 To identify present condition, needs or problems of people in a small span of time
 To seek answers to social problems
 To give school officials pointers on curricular offerings, guidance and counselling
services, teacher evaluation and so on.

Planning a Survey Research

1. Explanation of objectives clearly


2. Formulation of research questions or hypothesis to predict relationships of variables
3. Determination of the exact kind of the data referred to by the hypothesis or research,
teacher evaluation, and so on
4. Assurance of the population or group of people to which the findings will be applied to
5. Finalization of the sampling method for selecting the participants
6. Identification of the method or instrument in collecting data; that is, whether it is
questionnaire on paper through phone, via computer or face-to-face.

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