Harbor

Harbor

New York Harbor and the Hudson River in the

foreground; the East River in the background.
Capri harbor, Italy seen from Anacapri.

A harbor or harbour (see spelling
differences; synonyms: wharves, haven) is
a sheltered body of water where ships,
boats, and barges can be docked. The
term harbor is often used interchangeably
with port, which is a man-made facility
built for loading and unloading vessels and
dropping off and picking up passengers.
Ports usually include one or more harbors.
Alexandria Port in Egypt is an example of a
port with two harbors.
Harbors may be natural or artificial. An

artificial harbor can have deliberately
constructed breakwaters, sea walls, or
jettys or they can be constructed by
dredging, which requires maintenance by
further periodic dredging. An example of
an artificial harbor is Long Beach Harbor,
California, United States which was an
array of salt marshes and tidal flats too
shallow for modern merchant ships before
it was first dredged in the early 20th
century.[1] In contrast, a natural harbor is
surrounded on several sides by
prominences of land. Examples of natural
harbors include Sydney Harbour, Australia
and Trincomalee Harbour in Sri Lanka.
Artificial harbors
Artificial harbors are frequently built for
use as ports. The oldest artificial harbor
known is the Ancient Egyptian site at Wadi
al-Jarf, on the Red Sea coast, which is at
least 4500 years old (ca. 2600-2550 BC,
reign of King Khufu). The largest artificially
created harbor is Jebel Ali in Dubai.[2]
Other large and busy artificial harbors
include:
Port of Rotterdam, Netherlands;

Port of Houston, Texas, United States;
Port of Savannah, Georgia, United
States;
Port of Long Beach, California, United
States;
Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro,
California, United States.
The Ancient Carthaginians constructed

fortified, artificial harbors called cothons.
Natural harbors
A natural harbor in Vizhinjam, India

Visakhapatnam Natural Harbor
A natural harbor is a landform where a part

of a body of water is protected and deep
enough to furnish anchorage. Many such
harbors are rias. Natural harbors have long
been of great strategic naval and
economic importance, and many great
cities of the world are located on them.
Having a protected harbor reduces or
eliminates the need for breakwaters as it
will result in calmer waves inside the
harbor. Some examples are:
Port Hercules in Principality of Monaco;
Pago Pago Harbor in American Samoa;
New York Harbor in the United States;
Presque Isle Bay in Pennsylvania, United
States;
Tampa Bay in Florida, United States;
Boston Harbor in Massachusetts, United
States
Poole Harbour in England, United
Kingdom;
Kingston Harbour in Jamaica;
Grand Harbour in Malta;
Marsamxett Harbour in Malta;
Subic Bay in Zambales, the Philippines;
Scapa Flow in Scotland, United
Kingdom;
Sydney Harbour in Australia; technically
a ria
Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, United States;
Trincomalee Harbour in Sri Lanka;
San Francisco Bay in California, United
States;
Visakhapatnam Harbour in India;
Killybegs in County Donegal, Ireland;
Halifax Harbour in Nova Scotia, Canada;
Hamilton Harbour in Ontario, Canada;
Burrard Inlet in Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada;
Cork Harbour, Ireland;
Waitemata Harbour in Auckland, New
Zealand;
Port of Tobruk in Tobruk, Libya;
Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong.
Ice-free harbors
For harbors near the North and South
Poles, being ice-free is an important
advantage, especially when it is year-
round. Examples of these include:
Murmansk, Russia;
Pechenga, Russia;
Liinakhamari, Russia;
Hammerfest, Norway;
Vardø, Norway;
Vostochny Port;
Nakhodka in Nakhodka Bay, Russia;
Prince Rupert Harbour, Canada.
The world's southmost harbor, located at

Antarctica's Winter Quarters Bay (77° 50′
South), is potentially ice-free, depending
on the summertime pack ice conditions.[3]
Important harbors
The tiny harbour at the village of Clovelly, Devon,
England
Old Harbor in Lüneburg, Germany.
The harbor of Piraeus in Greece.

Port Jackson, Sydney.
The harbour of Gorey, Jersey falls dry at low tide.
Punta del Este's harbor – nicknamed the Monte Carlo

of South America[4][5][6]
Port of Kaohsiung
The harbor in Aberystwyth, painted c. 1850
Although the world's busiest port is a hotly

contested title, in 2006 the world's busiest
harbor by cargo tonnage was the Port of
Shanghai.[7]
The following are large natural harbors:

Algeciras, Spain
Amsterdam, Port of Amsterdam,
Netherlands
Antwerp, Port of Antwerp, Flanders,
Belgium
Baltimore's Inner Harbor, Maryland,
United States
Bremerhaven, Germany
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Busan, Korea
Cartagena, Colombia
Charleston, South Carolina, United
States
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Port of Chittagong, Chittagong City,
Bangladesh
Dnipro, Ukraine
Durban, South Africa
Falmouth, Cornwall, England, United
Kingdom
Freetown Harbour, Sierra Leone
Golden Horn, Istanbul, Turkey
Gothenburg, Sweden
Gwangyang, Korea
Hai Phong Port, Haiphong, Vietnam
Hakodate, Japan
Hamburg Harbour, Germany
Hampton Roads, Norfolk, Virginia,
United States
Havana Harbor
Helsinki, Finland
Incheon, Korea
Izmir, Turkey
Port of Jakarta (Tanjung Priok), Jakarta,
Indonesia
Kaliningrad, Russia
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Kerch and Port Krym to Port Kavkaz,
Russia
Kiev, Ukraine
Kingston, Jamaica
Kobe Harbour, Kobe, Japan
Port of Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal,
India
Lisbon, Portugal
Lushunkou, Dalian, China
Mahón, Menorca, Spain
Manila Bay, Philippines
Maputo, Mozambique
Milford Haven, Wales, United Kingdom
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Montevideo, Uruguay
Mumbai, India
Nassau, Bahamas
New York Harbor, United States
Nikolaev, Ukraine
Novorossiysk and Anapa, Russia
Odessa, Ukraine
Osaka, Japan
Oslofjord and Oslo, Norway
Pärnu, Estonia
Plymouth Sound, Devon, England, United
Kingdom
Port of Portland, Casco Bay, Maine,
United States
Port of Sevastopol, Sevastopol, Russia
Port Phillip, Melbourne, Victoria,
Australia
Provincetown Harbor, Provincetown,
Massachusetts, United States
Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Bay, Brazil
Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Rotterdam, Port of Rotterdam,
Netherlands
Salvador, All Saint's Bay, Brazil
San Antonio, Chile
San Diego Bay, San Diego, California,
United States
Sankt Petersburg, Russia
Sochi and Adlersky City District, Russia
Stockholm, Sweden
Tallinn, Estonia
Tanger-Med, Tangier, Morocco
Tauranga Harbour, Tauranga, New
Zealand
Tokyo Bay, Tokyo, Japan
Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
Port of Tyne, Tyne & Wear, United
Kingdom
Ulsan, Korea
Victoria Harbour (British Columbia) &
Esquimalt Harbour, Victoria, British
Columbia, Canada
Vladivostok, Russia
Vyborg, Russia
Willemstad, Curaçao
Wellington Harbour, New Zealand
Yevpatoria, Russia
Zaporozhe, Ukraine
Port of Szczecin, Poland
Valparaiso, Chile.
See also
Boyd's Automatic tide signalling
apparatus
Dock
Ice pier
Inland harbor
Mandracchio
Marina, List of Marinas
Mulberry harbour
Quay
Roadstead
Seaport, List of seaports
Shipyard
Wharf
Notes
1. "Archived copy" . Archived from the
original on 2014-02-23. Retrieved
2014-01-21.
2. Hattendorf, John B. (2007), The Oxford
encyclopedia of maritime history, Oxford
University Press, p. 590, ISBN 978-0-19-
513075-1
3. U.S. Polar Programs National Science
Foundation FY2000.
4. "Circuit Guide | Punta del Este,
Uruguay" . FIA Formula E. Retrieved
2014-08-24.
5. "Formula E reveals circuit for Punta del
Este ePrix" . FIA Formula E. 2014-06-20.
Retrieved 2014-08-24.
6. "Formula E unveils Punta del Este circuit
in Uruguay" . autosport.com. 2014-06-20.
Retrieved 2014-08-24.
7. "AAPA World Port Rankings 2006" .
Archived from the original on 2008-12-21.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Harbors.
Look up harbor in Wiktionary, the free

dictionary.
Harbor Maintenance Finance and
Funding Congressional Research
Service
"Harbor". New International
Encyclopedia. 1905.
Retrieved from
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title=Harbor&oldid=865442831"
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New York Harbor and the Hudson River in the

Capri harbor, Italy seen from Anacapri.

Harbors may be natural or artiﬁcial. An

Port of Rotterdam, Netherlands;

The Ancient Carthaginians constructed

A natural harbor in Vizhinjam, India

A natural harbor is a landform where a part

The world's southmost harbor, located at

Old Harbor in Lüneburg, Germany.

The harbor of Piraeus in Greece.

The harbour of Gorey, Jersey falls dry at low tide.

Punta del Este's harbor – nicknamed the Monte Carlo

The harbor in Aberystwyth, painted c. 1850

Although the world's busiest port is a hotly

The following are large natural harbors:

Port of Szczecin, Poland

Look up harbor in Wiktionary, the free

Last edited 1 month ago by Fettlemap

Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless

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