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    21st Martial Law

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    Desiree Cayle Ilagan
    Ferdinand Marcos was the president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He declared martial law in 1972 due to alleged threats from rebels and communists. This gave him authoritarian rule over the country for over 20 years. While his regime built important infrastructure projects, it also severely restricted civil liberties and human rights. It was accused of corruption and putting the country into massive debt. Widespread protests from the People Power Revolution eventually ousted Marcos in 1986.

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    21st Martial Law

    Uploaded by

    Desiree Cayle Ilagan
    130 views3 pages
    Ferdinand Marcos was the president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He declared martial law in 1972 due to alleged threats from rebels and communists. This gave him authoritarian rule over the country for over 20 years. While his regime built important infrastructure projects, it also severely restricted civil liberties and human rights. It was accused of corruption and putting the country into massive debt. Widespread protests from the People Power Revolution eventually ousted Marcos in 1986.

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    Ferdinand Marcos was the president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He declared martial law in 1972 due to alleged threats from rebels and communists. This gave him authoritarian rule over the country for over 20 years. While his regime built important infrastructure projects, it also severely restricted civil liberties and human rights. It was accused of corruption and putting the country into massive debt. Widespread protests from the People Power Revolution eventually ousted Marcos in 1986.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    130 views3 pages

    21st Martial Law

    Uploaded by

    Desiree Cayle Ilagan
    Ferdinand Marcos was the president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He declared martial law in 1972 due to alleged threats from rebels and communists. This gave him authoritarian rule over the country for over 20 years. While his regime built important infrastructure projects, it also severely restricted civil liberties and human rights. It was accused of corruption and putting the country into massive debt. Widespread protests from the People Power Revolution eventually ousted Marcos in 1986.

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    Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr.

    was known as a dictator and he had

    been controversial since then until now. He was ousted when People Power

    Revolution rose which then made for former President Corazon Aquino to

    replace him. In 1989 at the age of 72, Marcos died in Hawaii, United States.

    Under the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte, Marcos was finally

    allowed to be buried at the “Libingan ng mga Bayani” which many Filipinos

    contested to.

    He first seated as the President of the Philippines back in December 1965

    until February 1986. Marcos ruled the Philippines for over 20 years.

    September 23, 1972 he declared ‘martial law’ due to alleged attack from

    rebels and communists.

    According to KAMI has listed the pros and cons of the Marcos regime

    throughout the 21 years he governed the country.

    INFRASTRUCTURE, During the time of Marcos, infrastructures in the country

    had bloomed. As written by Max Sangil in SunStar, Marcos administration

    was able to build the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Kidney Center,

    Philippine Heart Center, Folk Arts Center. Marcos also put up the Lung Center,

    San Juanico Bridge, and the Manila Film Center. Criminal activities.

    Criminal activities According to Sangil as well, the criminality lowered during

    the time of Marcos due to the curfew imposed as part of martial law. The

    corruption also lessened in government agencies like Bureau of Customs and


    Bureau of Internal Revenue to the point that they brought their own “baon”

    for lunch when they used to eat at the Manila Hotel before.

    Transportation and Geothermal power

    Marcos was the man behind the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) as well as

    the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX). During his regime, Manila Light Rail

    Transit (LRT) was also built. All these are still being used by the Filipinos up

    until now. According to Lopez Link, in 1983, Philippines became the world’s

    second largest producer of geothermal power.

    Cons

    Philippines’ external debt

    Marcos went on a ‘borrowing spree’ in between the 70’s to early 80’s. In 1975,

    the external debt reached from $4.1 billion to $8.2 billon. In 1982, it went

    higher up to $24.4 billion. The debt exceeded more than the exports at that

    time.

    Freedom of Expression and of the Press

    When Marcos declared martial law, the media was shut down. As written by

    Jose Santos and Melanie Pinlac in Center for Media Freedom and

    Responsibility (CMFR)’s website, media practitioner as well as the opposition

    personalities who criticized Marcos were brought to military camps for

    detention. As per Department of Public Information (DPI) mandated, all media


    publications must seek permission from them first. Marcos also issued a

    Presidential Decree to penalize anyone who would “undermine the integrity if

    the government” through print or even just possessing leaflets about it.

    Everything went through censorship.

    Human rights violation

    As reported by The Manila Times, around 3, 257 were killed during the martial

    law. The data was written by American historian Alfred McCoy who authored

    A Question of Torture and Policing America’s Empire. “Under Marcos military

    murder was the apex of a pyramid of terror with 3,257 killed, an estimated

    35,000 tortured, and some 70,000 arrested,” McCoy wrote. Prominent

    oppositions were also arrested that time like the late Senators Ninoy Aquino,

    Jose Diokno, Lorenzo Tañada and Jovito Salonga. Former Senate President

    Auquilino “Nene” Pimentel Jr. was arrested as well.

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