Basic Calculus Activity 1
Basic Calculus Activity 1
Basic Calculus Activity 1
In
Basic Calculus
Professor: Mr. Marlon C. De Mesa
STEM A1
LEADER:
Embang, Cyrill Jorge
ASSISTANT LEADER:
Esperanza, Jehan Carlo
MEMBERS:
Higuit, Ericka
Tolibas, Alvin
Bongabong, Jericho
Santiago, Steven Ricky
Sartin, Kervin
Pelayo, John Ched
Bonagua, John Dave
Bacuta, Angelo
Rate of Change
y f ( x x ) f ( x )
x x
a. Find the average rate of change of y with respect to x over the interval
[1,3]
Solution
y f ( x ) f ( x ) y f ( x2 ) f ( x1 )
x x x x2 x1
Notice that x = x x x x x .
2 1 2 1
y f ( 3 ) f ( 1) (( 3 )2 3 ) (( 1) y
3
x 3 1 3 1 x
dy dy
y x2 x 2 x 1 3
dx dx at x= -1
Position
Location of an object with respect to some reference plane. The
location of a particle/ body can be represented by unit vectors, Then the
position of an object will be
x x0
Where:
x = Final postion
x0 = Initial position
Time
Also called as the elapsed time. It is the duration required for a
particle/ body moved from rest or at motion. Thus.
t t t 0
Where:
t Change in time\
t Final Elapse TIme
t0 Initial Elapsed TIme
And time is a SCALAR QUANTITY
x0 0
t0 0
Distance
It is the total path travelled by an object. It is a Scalar quantity. [ m ].
Therefore:
d TOT d 1 d 2 d 3 ... d n
Displacement
It is a straight line path from the initial to the final postion. [ m ]. It is a
vector quantity.
d d d 0 x x x0
x x x 0 xTOT m
Speed , speed
TOT [ ]
t t t 0 also t TOT s
Note: That the speed is a scalar quantity. The speed quantifies how fast an
object is.
Acceleration
Is defined as the rate of change of velocity. It is a vector quantity and
2
it’s units are in [ m / s ].
Example. A particle starts from rest and moves with a velocity of 60 m/s
in 2 seconds. Find it’s acceleration.
v0 0
v 60m / s
t0 0
t2
Solution.
v
a
t
60 0
a
20
a 30m / s 2
Solution.
2.
v( t ) 12t 2 30t 18 (Velocity)
3.
a( t ) 24t 30 (Acceleration)
At 5 Seconds:
S ( 5 ) 4( 5 )3 15( 5 )2 18( 5 ) 6
1. S ( 5 ) 791m
v( 5 ) 12( 5 )2 30( 5 ) 18
2.
v( 5 ) 432m / s
a( 5 ) 23( 5 ) 30
3.
a( 5 ) 150 m / s 2
RELATED RATES
dx dy
2x 0
dt dt
dy x dx
.
dt y dt
The derivatives dx/dt and dy/dt are called related rates, since they are
related by means of an equation.
x 2 y 2 25
dx dy
2x 2y 0
dt dt
dy dx
2y 2x
dt dt
dy x dx
.
dt y dt
dy 3 dy
.( 8 ) 6
dt 4 dt
Remarks
The negative signs indicates that dy/dt is decreasing.
1.) If the revenue sales exceeds the cost of production, then the business
is running a profit.
2.) If the revenue equals the cost of production ,then the company neither gains nor
losses, it break even.
3.) If the cost of production exceeds revenue, then the business is
operating at a loss.
Q0
B.) Take the first derivative, set it equal to zero, and solve for Q to find
the critical points.
C.) Take the second derivative: evaluate it at the positive critical points
and ignore the negative critical point, which has no economic
significance and will prove mathematically to be a relative minimum.
Then check the sign of concavity to be sure of a relative maximum.