Pregestational Conditions

 Pregestational Conditions

1. Rheumatic Heart Disease: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a condition that develops when the
streptococcus bacterium leads to an infection, known as acute rheumatic fever. The condition
damages the valves of the heart, the linings of the heart muscle, etc. RHD can lead to
complications such as maternal death, preterm delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension,
gestational diabetes and low birth weight.
2. Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of
metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased
hunger.
3. Substance Abuse: Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in
which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to
themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder.
4. HIV/AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening
condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune
system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight the organisms that cause disease. HIV is a
sexually transmitted infection.
5. Rh Sensitization: Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH), which can occur during pregnancy or
delivery, triggers the Rh-negative mother's immune system to develop antibodies against the
antigens in her baby's Rh-positive blood. This is called Rh-sensitization or alloimmunization
6. Anemia: a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood,
resulting in pallor and weariness.

 Gestational Conditions
1. Hyperemesis gravidarum: Extreme, excessive, and persistent vomiting in early pregnancy that
may lead to dehydration and malnutrition.
2. Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy that is not in the uterus. The fertilized egg settles and grows in
any location other than the inner lining of the uterus. The large majority (95%) of ectopic
pregnancies occur in the Fallopian tube. However, they can occur in other locations, such as the
ovary, cervix, and abdominal cavity.
3. Incompetent Cervix: An incompetent cervix, also called a cervical insufficiency, is a condition
that occurs when weak cervical tissue causes or contributes to premature birth or the loss of an
otherwise healthy pregnancy.
4. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (H-mole): Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth
that forms inside the womb (uterus) at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational
trophoblastic disease (GTD). A GTD is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours.
These tumours are rare, and they appear when cells in the womb start to proliferate
uncontrollably. The cells that form gestational trophoblastic tumours are called trophoblasts
and come from tissue that grows to form the placenta during pregnancy.
There are several different types of GTD. Hydatidiform moles are benign in most cases, but
sometimes may develop into invasive moles, or, in rare cases, into choriocarcinoma, which is
likely to spread quickly, but which is very sensitive to chemotherapy, and has a very good
prognosis. Gestational trophoblasts are of particular interest to cell biologists because, like
cancer, these cells invade tissue (the uterus), but unlike cancer, they sometimes "know" when
to stop.
GTD can simulate pregnancy, because the uterus may contain fetal tissue, albeit abnormal. This
tissue may grow at the same rate as a normal pregnancy, and produces chorionic gonadotropin,
a hormone which is measured to monitor fetal well-being.
While GTD overwhelmingly affects women of child-bearing age, it may rarely occur in
postmenopausal women.
5. Spontaneous abortion: A miscarriage, that is, any pregnancy that is not viable (the fetus cannot
survive) or in which the fetus is born before the 20th week of pregnancy. Spontaneous abortion
occurs in at least 15-20% of all recognized pregnancies and usually takes place before the 13th
week of pregnancy.A spontaneous abortion is as opposed to an induced abortion. In a
spontaneous abortion, it is purely accidental, that is spontaneous.
6. Abruptio placentae: is defined as the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus.
Patients with abruptio placentae, also called placental abruption, typically present with
bleeding, uterine contractions, and fetal distress.
7. Placenta Previa: a condition in which the placenta partially or wholly blocks the neck of the
uterus, thus interfering with normal delivery of a baby.
8. Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is the development of new
hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks gestation without the presence of protein in
the urine or other signs of preeclampsia. Hypertension is defined as having a blood pressure
greater than 140/90 mm Hg.
9. A fetus surrounded by the amniotic sac which is enclosed by fetal membranes. In PROM, these
membranes rupture before labor starts. ... When premature rupture of membranes occurs at or
after 38 weeks completed gestational age (full-term or term), there is minimal risk to the fetus
and labor typically starts soon after.

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 Pregestational Conditions

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