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    Amspec Techtalk A Stands For API Gravity 4

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    Sudea Cadaba
    This document discusses API gravity, density, and specific gravity measurements of petroleum products. It provides details on common test methods used by AmSpec to determine these properties, including hydrometer and digital density meter procedures. The relationship between API gravity, density, viscosity and other characteristics is also explained.

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    Amspec Techtalk A Stands For API Gravity 4

    Uploaded by

    Sudea Cadaba
    128 views5 pages
    This document discusses API gravity, density, and specific gravity measurements of petroleum products. It provides details on common test methods used by AmSpec to determine these properties, including hydrometer and digital density meter procedures. The relationship between API gravity, density, viscosity and other characteristics is also explained.

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    ASTM STANDARDS

    Original Title

    Amspec Techtalk a Stands for API Gravity 4

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    This document discusses API gravity, density, and specific gravity measurements of petroleum products. It provides details on common test methods used by AmSpec to determine these properties, including hydrometer and digital density meter procedures. The relationship between API gravity, density, viscosity and other characteristics is also explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    128 views5 pages

    Amspec Techtalk A Stands For API Gravity 4

    Uploaded by

    Sudea Cadaba
    This document discusses API gravity, density, and specific gravity measurements of petroleum products. It provides details on common test methods used by AmSpec to determine these properties, including hydrometer and digital density meter procedures. The relationship between API gravity, density, viscosity and other characteristics is also explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Technical Notes

    # 013
    Exceeding Expectations

    A stands for API Gravity


    The API Gravity of a product is very important in determining the characteristics of the petroleum
    product. To learn more about this property, let’s apply the AmSpec approach.

    A = Application
    API Gravity, or The American Petroleum Institute gravity, is a measure of how light or heavy a petroleum
    liquid is compared to water. If a product has an API gravity of less than 10, it sinks. If the product has an
    API gravity greater than 10, it floats. API gravity is referred to as being in "degrees" (o) and can be
    determined by hydrometer or a digital density meter. Once the API is determined, you can also find the
    density and specific gravity.

    Density is defined as weight per unit volume by the United States Oil and gas industry. Temperature and
    pressure affect the results and must be specified for both the sample and the reference. Density is
    reported as g/mL at the specified temperature (g/mL @ 20oC).

    Specific gravity (Relative density) is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference
    substance. This is almost always water for liquids and air for gases. Temperature and pressure must be
    specified for both the sample and the reference as this will affect the results. Relative density is
    dimensionless, but has to include the temperature of the sample and the temperature of the
    standard used (0.XXXX @ 20/20oC).

    If you would like to be removed from our distribution list or you require information on a certain subject, please let us know via return email.
    Also, please be advised individual / group AmSpec laboratory / operational tours can be arranged upon request.

    Please visit us on our website…www.amspecllc.com or contact us at (800) 286-2208


    Figure 1 - This shows the density of various products relating to water.

    Typical Values for Various Products


    Product Typical API Gravity (o) Typical Density Typical Specific Gravity
    (@ 60/60oF)
    (@ 60oF)

    Asphalt 11 0.9920 0.9930

    Crude (Heavy) 18 0.9465 0.9456

    Diesel 35 0.8498 0.8490

    Ethanol 48 0.7883 0.7875

    Gasoline 60 0.7389 0.7382

    Jet Fuel 45 0.8017 0.8009

    If you would like to be removed from our distribution list or you require information on a certain subject, please let us know via return email.
    Also, please be advised individual / group AmSpec laboratory / operational tours can be arranged upon request.

    Please visit us on our website…www.amspecllc.com or contact us at (800) 286-2208


    M = Methods
    These are the most common methods that AmSpec uses to determine API gravity, density and specific
    gravity:
    D287 - API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)

    D1298 - Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
    Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

    D4052 - Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter

    D5002 - Density and Relative Density of Crude Oils by Digital Density Analyzer

    ** Please note below, Turnaround Time is defined as the actual length of time, on average, it takes to
    perform a particular method once the sample has arrived and logged in the lab, and prepared for testing.

    SMethod
    = Scope
    Products Turnaround Time**
    D287 crude petroleum and petroleum 30 minutes
    products normally handled as
    liquids and having a Reid vapor
    pressure (D 323) of 26 psi (180
    kPa) or less.

    D1298 crude petroleum, petroleum 30 minutes


    products, or mixtures of
    petroleum and nonpetroleum
    products normally handled as
    liquids, and having a Reid vapor
    pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696
    psi) or less

    D4052 gasoline and gasoline- 15 minutes


    oxygenate blends, diesel, jet,
    basestocks, waxes, and
    lubricating oils

    D5002 crude oils that can be handled 15 minutes


    in a normal fashion as liquids at

    If you would like to be removed from our distribution list or you require information on a certain subject, please let us know via return email.
    Also, please be advised individual / group AmSpec laboratory / operational tours can be arranged upon request.

    Please visit us on our website…www.amspecllc.com or contact us at (800) 286-2208


    test temperatures between 15
    and 35°C

    P
    Method
    = Procedure Notes
    Procedural Notes Reported As
    D287 This procedure uses a API o or API Gravity
    hydrometer.

    D1298 This procedure uses a API Gravity, Density, or Relative


    hydrometer. Density
    D4052 This procedure uses a digital API Gravity, Density, or Relative
    density meter. Density
    D5002 This procedure uses a digital Density and Relative Density
    density meter.

    Figure 2 - Operation of the hydrometer is based on the principle that a solid suspended in a fluid will
    be buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the submerged part of the
    suspended solid. Thus, the lower the density of the substance, the farther the hydrometer will sink.

    If you would like to be removed from our distribution list or you require information on a certain subject, please let us know via return email.
    Also, please be advised individual / group AmSpec laboratory / operational tours can be arranged upon request.

    Please visit us on our website…www.amspecllc.com or contact us at (800) 286-2208


    EASTM
    = Equivalents
    IP ISO DIN JIS AFNOR

    D287

    D1298 160 3675 51757H K2249H T60-101

    D4052 365 12185 51757D K2249D T60-172

    D5002

    C = Cause & Effect


    Density is a physical property that can be used with other properties to characterize both the light and
    heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products. Determination of the density of petroleum and
    products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature
    of 15°C. The lower the API gravity of a sample, the higher viscosity and carbon residue content. The
    higher the API gravity of a sample, the lower the viscosity, carbon residue content, and the greater the
    heat of combustion.

    For any questions about these methods, please contact Jennifer Nesci at [email protected]

    Also, please download the new & improved AmSpec Smart Phone app for a number of useful conversion
    tools and information.

    If you would like to be removed from our distribution list or you require information on a certain subject, please let us know via return email.
    Also, please be advised individual / group AmSpec laboratory / operational tours can be arranged upon request.

    Please visit us on our website…www.amspecllc.com or contact us at (800) 286-2208

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