EFFECTIVENESS OF SHS PANTAWID PAMILYA

PILIPINO PROGRAM TOWARDS THEIR

A Quantitative Research
presented to the Faculty of SHS
SANTA CRUZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
MAUJO, MALITBOG, SOUTHERN LEYTE

in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

BALDONAD, ANDREW C.
BIAG, RIVA
BIAG, RIENA
MONTEDERAMOS, LOVELY
ESOREM, KRISTEL
ESOREM, CYRA JHANE

Grade 12- GAS

ASTER CASTRO
Research Adviser

OCTOBER,2018
ABSTRACT
Not more three hundred words, single-spaced
Keywords: aaa, bb, c

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION

This chapter of the paper presents the problem and its setting. It includes the

background of the study, the statement of the problem, significance of the study, and scope and

delimitation of the study.

Background of the Study

According to Childfund(2015), education in all different form is key to breaking the

cycle of poverty. It can amends family situation. Poverty is the most crucial issue and factual

reason in terms of low academic rating of student. One cannot have a better education if

he/she do not have some money. In many countries especially Philippines school is free, but

there are additional costs for uniforms, books and transportation, especially in rural areas,

where a student may travel more than an hour each way by public bus to school. Even though

they do not need to pay the school tuition, but school project need to be paid. Students tend to

get low grades as they were bounded by poverty. Bounded by the control of money support.

In societies where poverty is a day-to-day struggle, children suffer the most as they

comprise the most vulnerable group in any population. Poverty impacts directly on children’s

physical and intellectual growth. In the Philippines, despite the country's recent economic

progress, poverty continues to affect millions of families, most of which have young children.

This is evident in the number of youths who wander in the urban streets, scavenge in dump

sites and landfills or those who, at an early age, are forced to drop out of school and to work so

as to supplement their family income. The problem goes beyond mere lack of income or assets

for these children's families.

Statistics Authority (PSA) in 2009, about 13.4 million (35.5%) of all children aged below 18

years were considered income poor. This shows that many children suffer the poverty and

affect their education life. So how can a child learn and get high grades if they cannot get some

assistance.

By 2007, the government come up with an idea about fighting the scarcity. Which is

the PANTAWID PAMILYA PILIPINO PROGRAM. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

or 4Ps (formerly Ahon Pamilyang Pilipino) is a version of conditional cash transfer program

here in the Philippines under the Department of Social Welfare and Development. It aims to

eradicate extreme poverty in the Philippines by investing in health and education particularly

in children from 0-18 years of age. Following the pilot program conducted at the end of 2007—

in which the household targeting system and basic operation of the Pantawid Pamilya were

tested. the Pantawid Pamilya was scaled up in March 2008 as a response to the food and fuel

price shocks and global financial crisis. The Pantawid Pamilya has undergone two more phases

of expansion since then. The Pantawid Pamilya aims to cover 2.3 million beneficiary

households, or almost 60 percent of the poor households in the Philippines. The program has

budgetary support of P21 billion, or about 60 percent of DSWD’s budget for 2011.

4Ps was patterned after the Conditional Cash Transfer(CCT) programs in Latin American

and African countries which have been proven successful as a very reduction and social

development measure. CCT is an innovative social assistance program that has been shown as

an effective way of helping the poor and its children.

According to (Mella, Osido, & Suing, 2011), a conditional cash transfer program is a

program implemented by the government where money (cash grants) is given to eligible

beneficiaries given that these beneficiaries comply with certain conditions such as nutrition,
education, family development sessions, and other such services offered by the government. It

is a means of helping the beneficiaries through provision of social and medical assistance and

increasing the investment in human capital for society by providing education to those who

cannot afford it. In recent years, several countries have adopted the CCT program as a new

approach to providing social assistance to the poor. Many countries in Latin America have such

a program, and large-scale CCT programs are also being undertaken in Asian countries such

as Bangladesh and Indonesia. One of the aims of 4ps is the education of children As of 2008,

more than 20 low- and middle-income countries had such education-targeted CCT programmes

in place (Fiszbein et al. 2009). And that belongs PANTAWID PAMILYA PILIPINO

PROGRAM as it focus not only the family aspect but also the students academic behaviors.

Because government believe that this program can aid the low academic rating of students. 4ps

will eradicate the poverty of Filipino through education. As education is the only thing left or

option for government to easily solve the poverty problem in the country. Some may think that

having this kind of program, people might be lazy. That people tend to do nothing and just wait

for the cash grant. But if people think like this, country will never succeed.

It is in this light that the purpose of this study to determine whether the effectiveness of

4ps possess any significant relationship with the academic performance of Grade 12 students

of Sta. Cruz National High School.

The main objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilya

pilipino Program towards the academic performance of the SHS students in SCNHS.

Specifically, this study well seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the 4ps SHS beneficiaries, in terms of:

1.1 Track/Strand

1.2 Daily Allowance

2. What is the level of effectiveness of 4Ps to the academic performance of the

SHS students, in terms of:

2.1 attendance

2.2 punctuality

2.3 grades in academic subjects

2.4 performance in doing assignments

3. Is there a significant relationship between the effectiveness of SHS Pantawid

Pamilya Pilipino Program and their academic performance?

Significance of the Study

This study will be able to contribute everyone. As it aims to show the effectivess of the

Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program to all students.

More specifically, this research can be benefit to this group of people.

Students, this study is important to children, for it will give them information about the

4ps program they are in.. This study will make them know how to value the opportunity that
are given to them and make them understand that education is their only assets that they have

in achieving the success. this study will help them to make sure they will go to school regularly

Parent, this study will help the parents to have enough knowledge about the 4Ps

program. It can help them in having some action with regards to their children. They will

know how to handle their children. It will also help them realize the significance of the

program.

Teachers, this research will be a benefit one for teachers as it will give them a

valuable knowledge about their students. They will able to understand the students action and

have them correct that one.

Readers, this study will help the readers to in understanding the 4ps program and the

programs plans to the students. They will have an overview that even on valuing education.

Future Researchers, this may serve as a basis for future research that they will

conduct. It will serve as a reliable research because this kind of topic is rarely being studied.

Community, this study will help community to be well learn about the current stand

of the government the program especially the 4ps. And they will have an idea that

government is making some plans for the nations especially to the youth or children as the

hope of nations.

Lastly, this study will help government agencies especially to DSWD as it will serve

as a report on what their government action has achieve. It will help them in making some

improvement or some adjustments for the said program. the result of this study is important

for it provides them the knowledge on how to plan effectively to be more reliable and to

achieve and fulfill the Millennium Development Goals.

This research was focus on the effectiveness of pantawid pamilya pilipino program among

the 100 samples of the 4ps SHS students beneficiary enrolled at SCNHS during the SY:2018-

2019.

Furthermore, this study delimits itself to the academic performance of SHS students 4ps

beneficiaries and will not attempt to measure any factor but Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program

itself.

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter of the paper presents the review of related literature, the conceptual

framework, the research hypotheses, and the definition of terms.

Related Literature

According to Somera(2010), the 4Ps is targeted at chronic poor households with

children aged 0-14 years old who are located in poor areas receiving cash grants range from

PhP500 to PhP1, 400 per household per month, depending on the number of eligible children.

In exchange for the financial resources that the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino program provide

to families are the families’ fulfillment of certain tasks such as ensuring that its children’s

attendance in school, regular visits to community health centers, participation in government-

sponsored feeding programs and attendance in more specific trainings, to name a few.

Fernandez and Olfindo (2012)stated that the 4ps program is seen more broadly as “a

vehicle for enhancing coordination within the government in assisting the poor and for

increasing the effectiveness of social protection programs.”

According to (DSWD, 2009) , there is a noticeable increase in the number of enrollees in

many elementary schools in areas included in the scope of the 4Ps, and kindergarten classes
were being established to answer the need of the community in compliance to the condition of

sending 0-5 years old children in day care centers and preschools.

Mella, Osido, & Suing, (2011) stated that In the long run, the 4Ps as well as the other CCT

programs will establish social equality and mobility through education.

Baird,Ferreira & Woolcock, 2013 stated that in recent years there has been growing

attention concerning the use of cash and conditional cash transfer programs as part of broader

poverty reduction strategies. Since the late 1990’s Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs

have spread rapidly. While "first generation" CCT programs originated in Brazil and Mexico,

CCT programs now are found across a wide range of countries and contexts.Increasing

educational attainment around the world is one of the key aims of the Millennium Development

Goals.

According to Rawlings & Rubio (2005) ,the CCT programs address both future poverty,

by fostering human capital accumulation among the young as a means of breaking the

intergenerational transmission of poverty and current poverty, by providing income support for

consumption in the short run.

According to Tabilog,Mapola,Cantillano,Cabrera & Mañabo(2017), as to education, 4Ps

is effective to an extent level. There is an improved access of children to formal education,

increased school attendance and improved grades of children.

Reyes, Tabuga, Mina and Asis (2015) stated one of the results of their research entitled

"Promoting Inclusive Growth through the 4Ps" that the 4Ps program leads to an increase in

the school participation rate by 3.0 percentage points among children aged 6–14."

According to Lindert, Skoufias, and Shapiro 2005, the lack of human capital is typically

associated as a cause and consequence of poverty and underdevelopment. The fact that low-

income households invest very little on education and health tends to perpetuate poverty via
vicious circles, i.e. poverty traps. As a response, the last two decades have witnessed the

emergence of a series of Conditional Cash Transfers programs (CCT),

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 below illustrates the conceptual framework of the research. The paradigm

presents the variables that will consider in the research.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SHS PANTAWID

 Level of 4ps Effectiveness

Fig. 1 The Conceptual Framework of the Study

The Effectiveness of SHS Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program will be described in the

research in terms of two sub-variables: (a) 4Ps SHS beneficiaries profile (b)level of 4Ps

effectiveness. In hypothesized relationships with SHS academic performance represented by

the two headed arrow connecting both variables.

Research Hypothesis

HO, There is no significant relationship between the effectiveness of SHS Pantawid

Pamilya Pilipino Program and their academic performance.

The following terms are defined as used in the study:

1. Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program(4P’s)- The 4Ps is a short-term poverty reduction and

social development strategy of the government. It provides cash transfers to poor family-

beneficiaries with the condition that they invest in health and education of their children.

2. Academic performance-

Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the research design, the sample, the instruments, the intervention

(if research is experimental), the data collection procedure, and the plan for data analysis.

Research Design

Researchers used the descriptive research to conduct this study in order to achieve the

purpose which is to determine the effectiveness of 4ps to the academic performance of the

SHS students of SCNHS. It is descriptive in a sense that the data obtained were analyzed and

described.

The Sample

The respondents of this study are the SHS students in SCNHS. The said SHS students

are the beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program which are chosen through random

sampling. Random sampling is used to select randomly samples from different strata of
population. The respondents of this study are the 100 randomly chosen SHS students which is

focused only on Sta. Cruz National High School located at the upper part of Maujo,

Malitbog,Southern Leyte.

The Instrument(s)

Survey questionnaire was used as the main instrument of the study. This study shall

use of one research instruments in providing data on the variables being studied. A validated

questionnaire will be used to determine the effectiveness of 4Ps to the SHS respondents. The

only objective of this questionnaire is to know whether 4ps is effective.

A cover letter address to the researcher is attached to the questionnaire explaining what

research is all about, its background of the study, purpose and the instruction on how to answer

the questionnaire. The questionnaire is comprising of two parts. The part one seeks to gather

data about the profile of respondents which includes their track or strand they are enrolled and

the daily allowance. The part two of the questionnaire is all about the effectiveness of 4Ps in

terms of attendance, punctuality, grades in academic subjects and the performance in doing

assignments

Data Collection Procedure

At first, the researcher looked for necessary resources that could help on the study.

Researcher did an intensive reading from the internet and asked opinions from research papers

adviser. From these, researcher was able to construct ideas and questions necessary for the

questionnaire. After the questionnaire being constructed. Researcher make a permission letter

asking to allow in conducting research in the school. Then researcher went to research adviser

letting it make some corrections with the questionnaire and letter. After that, researcher first

ask a permission to the principal in letting to conduct a study about the effectiveness of 4Ps to
the SCNHS SH students. Then researcher ask a permission to SHS coordinator , in allowing to

make a study on SHS community. Then researcher ask a permission to every SHS teacher that

has a 4Ps students, in allowing researcher to have their students as the respondents and

allowing them to be excuse in their class during the answering of questionnaire. And also

researcher makes a permission letter to every section adviser with the signature SHS

coordinator in allowing researcher to access the respondents attendance, late list, GPA and total

number of assignment made. After asking permission, the questionnaire would be disseminated

with a proper procedure. Researcher will prepare and empty room for the respondents and put

them their for the easy giving of questionnaire. Researcher will give some time for the

respondents to answer it and collect the questionnaire on the same day after filling out.

Plan for Data Analysis

Percentage and ranking were used by the researchers to convert the numerical data

gathered from the questionnaire. Only tallying, getting of percentage, and getting of ranking

were the methods needed to come up with a conclusion on this study. Descriptive statistics

which include basic summary of the data gathered was used to explain further the result of

the study. The descriptive statistics used frequency, percentage, and ranking. These things

would be explained further in the following.

a. Frequency - pertains to the number of respondents that have the same answer in a

specific question.

b. Percentage(%) - used to determine the ratio of respondents that have same answers

with general number of respondents.

Formula:

% = f x 100
n
c. Ranking – used to determine the order of the results according to their percentage.

Chapter 4
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

In reporting the results, the researcher stays close to the statistical findings

without drawing broader implications or meaning from them. Further, this section

includes summaries of the data rather than the raw data (e.g., the actual scores for

individuals). A results section include tables, figures, and detailed explanations about

the statistical results

(Based on First Question in the SOP)

Includes results and discussion relevant to the first question of the research or

the first variable of the study.

(Based on Second Question in the SOP)

Includes results and discussion relevant to the second question of the research

or the second variable of the study.

Re-conceptualized Framework

If some or all findings are different from expected, have a section on re-

conceptualized framework at end of Chapter 4 and make diagram of re-conceptualized

framework. Starting with text, cite figure (diagram) of re-conceptualized framework.

Explain changes vis-à-vis Conceptual Framework of the Study.

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Chapter 5
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations of the study.

Conclusions

The portion that gives meaning to your research and your results. The objective

of the Conclusion section is to examine the results, determine whether they solve the

research question, compare them within themselves and to other results (from

literature), explain and interpret them, and then draw conclusions or derive

generalizations, and make recommendations for applying the results or for further

research.

Recommendations

Write recommendations for beneficiaries of results of study cited in Significance

of Study.

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References

Follow the APA, 6th Edition style for referencing.

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Appendices

researchers used the descriptive research and survey method to conduct this

study in order to achieve our purpose which is to determine the effects of online

gaming addiction to the academic performance of the JHS students of SCNHS. It is

descriptive in a sense that the data obtained were analyzed and described.