Ranie B.

Canlas
GS Professor
Case Study
 Anna is a trained graduate mathematics teacher working in a
primary school. Recently, Anna is planning to organize a
"Mathematics Day" to commemorate Filipino Mathematicians.
Discuss how can Anna utilize the following tools and technology
to make the event successful.
• Online Video Sharing Site • Overhead Projector
• Social Networking Site • LCD Projector
• Video • Laptop Computer
• Web Cam • HD TV
• Digital Camera • Google Forms
• Word Processing Software • Internet
• Spreadsheet Software • Online Writing Community
• Presentation Software • Desktop Computer
Objectives
 After studying this unit, you will be able to:
 explain the meaning of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT)
 give an overview of applications of ICT in general and
educational context in specific
 Identify possible information tasks that can be done
with technology
 identify major landmarks in ICT evolution
 analyze the strengths and concerns associated with ICT
use
What is ICT
 We are in a digital era.
 It is difficult to think of any event in our daily life
that is not using Information and Communication
Technology.
 As an ordinary citizen as well as a teacher, you
handle enormous data all the time.
 Data refers to facts, events, activities and
transactions which have been recorded.
 Data is the raw material from which information is
produced.
What is ICT
 Most of the decisions taken in and around the world
by and large are based on the data and
information.
 Information is the key guiding force of the world
today.
 For a wider use of the information, the information
must be communicated to people.
 It is only when the information reaches the intended
audience, the purpose of creation of information as
well as its communication would be served .
Let us take some examples
 Parents’ meeting
 Profile of pupils/students
 Class records / grade sheets
 Instructional materials
 Notices/announcements
 Reports
 Proposals
What is ICT
 UNESCO has defined ICT as forms of technology
that are used to transmit, process, store, create,
display, share or exchange information by electronic
means.
 It includes not only traditional technologies like
radio and television, but also modern ones like
cellular phones, computer and network, hardware
and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as
the various services and applications associated
with them, such as videoconferencing.
Information Technologies
Personal Computer, Digital Camera,
Creation
Scanner, Smartphone
Calculator, Personal Computer,
Processing
Smartphone
Compact Disc, Digital Video Disc, Pen
Storage
Drive, Microchip, Cloud
Personal Computer, Television,
Display Projector, Smartphone, Video
Conferencing
Internet, Teleconference, Video
Transmission Conferencing, Mobile Technology,
Radio
Electronic mail, Cellular Phone,
Exchange
Internet, Radio, Teleconference
Information Tasks
Information Store Process Display Transmit Exchange

Internet

Radio

Television
Personal
Computer

Teleconferencing

Smartphone
Graphic courtesy: Dr.M.U.Paily, RIE, Mysore
ICT IN EVERYDAY LIFE
ICT in Business
Today a lot of business transactions happen
through internet and hence called e-commerce. ICT
facilitates marketing, customer visit, product browsing,
shopping basket checkout, tax and shopping, receipt
and process order.
Through e-commerce one can also offer services
pertaining to processing transactions, documentation,
presentations, inventory management and gathering
product information. In other words, every business
activity can be done being at home.
ICT IN EVERYDAY LIFE
ICT in Financial Services
Every service a traditional bank provides is
available these days through online service. Starting
from transferring money from one account to other up
to running the day-today transactions of the bank are
provided through internet.
Through the networking of banks, this has
become a reality. Capital market transactions,
financial analysis and related services are available
on the online platforms.
ICT IN EVERYDAY LIFE
ICT in Entertainment
Internet is a major source of entertainment.
Internet is a hub of movies, games, books, and social
networking. Due to digital broadcasting, the television
experience itself is changing. We can easily record
the television programs and view it.
Digital broadcasting has changed the way we
experience television, with more interactive
programming and participation. Digital cameras,
printers and scanners have enabled more people to
experiment with image production.
ICT IN EVERYDAY LIFE
ICT in Public Service
Governments are actively encouraging e-
governance practices. We verify public documents
online and access some government services. Other
agencies support online transactions.
ICT is also providing a platform for a
conversation between the public and the government
through various social networking services.
ICT IN EVERYDAY LIFE
ICT in Education
Education is one major sector which has
undergone the influence of innovations in ICT. Starting
from providing online content service, platform for
organizing learning experiences to managing learning
and assessment has been changed greatly by ICT
developments.
Students, teachers and educational
administrators and every stakeholder in education
have been benefitted by the integration of ICT in
education.
EVOLUTION OF ICT
 ICT is evolving in a very fast pace.
 We live in a world of internet.
 And the new generation in in the wireless world. As a
result the world around us also has changed
dramatically over the years.
 This dramatic change in the field of ICT is a result of
innovations in the field of science, defense and business.
 These innovations have reduced the sizes of the
technological tools and increased the speed in which
they operate to process data and communicate
information.
EVOLUTION OF ICT
 Phase I

The first phase related to evolution of ICT is identified

with the creation of electromagnetic calculator during
World War II, weighing about 5 tons. Invention of
transistors in 1947 led to development of smaller but
versatile computers. With the input-output technology
changing from punch cards to magnetic tapes,
"Computer" became a catch word.
EVOLUTION OF ICT
 Phase II

The second phase of ICT evolution is associated with

the development of personal computers during
1970's. Development of chip technology and
manufacturing magnetic discs transformed huge
computers into desktops, which are called personal
computers. Word processing, accounting and graphics
became very accessible.
EVOLUTION OF ICT
 Phase III

Third phase of ICT evolution is related to development

of microprocessors. Microprocessor, a multipurpose,
programmable device that accepts digital data as
input, processes it according to instructions stored in its
memory, and provides results as output.
Microprocessors reduced the cost of processing power.
EVOLUTION OF ICT
 Phase IV

The fourth phase of ICT evolution is around networking.

Starting from connecting computers within a small
geographic area for the field of Defense and Education
to connecting the computers worldwide resulting in internet
is the landmark development in the field of ICT. This
resulted in breaking the distance barrier across the
geographies and world being called a global village.
Social networking is a byproduct of this. Introduction of
broadband has accelerated this evolution.
EVOLUTION OF ICT
 Phase V

The fifth phase of ICT evolution is related to the

development of wireless, which refers to the present
phase. This phase began with the invention of the mobile
phone. The initial mobile phones were large and bulky.
Reduction in size has been accompanied by a greatly
expanded range of functions. Now mobile phones are
used for talking, transmitting messages, pictures and music,
browsing, navigating. Satellite phones have allowed us to
get connected even in the absence of telephone and cell
phones.
EVOLUTION OF ICT IN EDUCATION

 Application of ICT in Education has precedence of

development of Educational Technology.
 Since the present day ICTs have all the strengths of
erstwhile, education technology, even the field of
educational technology has renamed itself as ICT.
 In this sense, ICT includes both traditional as well as
modern educational technology.
EVOLUTION OF ICT IN EDUCATION

 The last decade of 20th century onwards educational

practices started getting influenced highly by a
theoretical position namely "constructivism".
 Constructivist paradigm of educational practice
believed in knowledge creation by the learner. This
necessitated the active involvement in the knowledge re-
creation process i.e., learning.
 One of the variants of constructivism, social
constructivism positioned that knowledge creation while
learning is a social process.
 Social interaction was identified as a necessity for
learning to happen.
EVOLUTION OF ICT IN EDUCATION

a. The paradigm shift

The major part of the 20th century was
dominated by behaviourism as a central theory which
governed the principles practised in educational
practice.
The result of practices guided by behaviorist
principles lead to educational practices which could
be broadly termed as "instructivism". In this form of
practice, teaching models predominantly believed in
"information transfer".
EVOLUTION OF ICT IN EDUCATION

b. Convergence of technology and

telecommunications
 Parallel developments in the field of technology
lead to convergence of technology and
telecommunications.
 Social networking became a virtual reality.

 The barrier of distance to communicate dissolved.

There were new avenues to express oneself in the
form of blog and microblog.
 Digital revolution made data processing very easy
to handle.
EVOLUTION OF ICT IN EDUCATION
NATURE OF ICT
Having learned that ICT has penetrated every walk of our life,
it is important to understand why ICT has such a penetration?
Some features of ICT have facilitated this widespread use.
 Speed: The innovations in internet and broadband have
made the communication instantaneous. Modern mobile
applications have allowed people to communicate with each
other in real time. There is no time lag between two places
which are thousands of kilometers apart.
 Precision: The information that is communicated through ICT
is very precise. Since there is no time lag in the
communication, there is less chances of miscommunications.
NATURE OF ICT
 Versatile: ICT can help in doing multiple tasks. Data can
be gathered, verified, processed, and managed.
Information can be communicated. ICT provides a multi-
media platform for such communication.
 Cost: ICT tools seem very expensive. But when we
account for their reach, they come out to be very cheap.
For example, the cost involved in printing text books is
very high economically as well as environmentally. On
the other hand preparing and using digital form of the
book need high one time investment in creating. But
once created, it can be used by any number of users
without incurring additional cost.
NATURE OF ICT
Though, ICT provides us with so many options of utilizing
it, there is also growing concerns associated with it.
 Digital divide:

 Digital divide refers to a large difference between

two or more groups in a population in the distribution

and effective use of ICT resources. For example, the
internet penetration in urban and rural India is quite
different. From one perspective, ICTs are considered
to bridge the gap between subgroups of a
population. But off late, it has been said that ICT is
contributing towards widening the gaps.
NATURE OF ICT
 Hacking:
 The access to our various accounts is through user ids,
and these services are provided through internet.
Through internet people steal and gather security
passwords of others, get access to others’ accounts.
This is termed as hacking. Hackers also get into users’
banking accounts and inflict financial losses. Not
sharing password with others and frequent change of
password has become a necessity for safe internet
usage.
NATURE OF ICT
 Unauthorized content use:
 Internet and digital form of the data has allowed
easy duplication of the content without
attributing/acknowledging the source of the content.
High speed internet and high capacity storage
devices have made it easy. Appropriate attribution
needs to be done as an ethical ICT use.
NATURE OF ICT
 Trolls and abuses:
 Internet is also a platform to express personal enmity
in the form of trolling and abusing people online.
Since it is easy to conceal identity in internet, people
resort to this practice more frequently.
NATURE OF ICT
 Pornography:
 A lot of adult content is accessible through the
Internet. This is in digital form in various media that
can be easily stored in storage devices. Child
pornography is a criminal activity mainly happening
through the internet medium. There is a pressure on
government from religious and parent groups to ban
all pornographic material available in the internet.
Alternatively, there are also many who claim that
banning such materials is against the spirit of internet
freedom and democracy.
NATURE OF ICT
 Viruses:
 Viruses are relatively simple program written by
people and designed to cause nuisance or damage to
computers or their files. They are also responsible for
corrupting data and data loss.
NATURE OF ICT
 Privacy concerns:
 Internet is also a hub of lot of personal data. It is
possible to track individual activities in the internet.
Such data on user behavior can be misused for the
marketing purposes. Many civil rights activists fear the
danger of authoritarian governments to monitor and
manipulate freedom of movement, speech, political
activism and social and personal behaviors. Similarly
consumer-rights advocates fear that close monitoring
of data of an individual's buying habits will allow
businesses to share market information on spending
preferences and capacities.
NATURE OF ICT
 Health:
 Internet and social networking addiction is a popular
and identified side effect of emergence of ICT.
Excessive internet usage is also associated with low
attention problems.
REMEMBER…

ICT, as any other technology,

is only a tool to be utilized.
How it is to be used is in our
control.
REFERENCES
 UNESCO (2006) Introduction to Information, Communication
and Technologies: Teacher's Guide - Module 1, Available at
Introduction to information and communication Technology
accessed on 4th Jan, 2018.
 ICT in Education - An online course available at ICT in
Education accessed on 4th Jan, 2018.
 Matt (2007 August 24) Evolution of ICT, a blog post retrieved
from ICT in Ireland accessed on 4th Jan, 2018.