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    Experiment 5 Chem 26.1

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    Collin Reyes Huelgas
    This document describes an experiment to determine the solubility product constant (Ksp) of calcium hydroxide. The experiment involves determining the concentration of calcium ions ([Ca2+]) in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution. This concentration is then used to calculate the Ksp based on the precipitation reaction of calcium hydroxide. Common ions were found to decrease solubility as expected theoretically, but ionic strength did not follow the expected trend of increasing solubility with increasing strength. Sources of error include inaccurate measurements of reagents and improper titration technique, which could affect the calculated parameters.

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    Experiment 5 Chem 26.1

    Uploaded by

    Collin Reyes Huelgas
    738 views2 pages
    This document describes an experiment to determine the solubility product constant (Ksp) of calcium hydroxide. The experiment involves determining the concentration of calcium ions ([Ca2+]) in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution. This concentration is then used to calculate the Ksp based on the precipitation reaction of calcium hydroxide. Common ions were found to decrease solubility as expected theoretically, but ionic strength did not follow the expected trend of increasing solubility with increasing strength. Sources of error include inaccurate measurements of reagents and improper titration technique, which could affect the calculated parameters.

    Original Description:

    Determination of the Solubility Product Constant of Calcium Hydroxide.

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    This document describes an experiment to determine the solubility product constant (Ksp) of calcium hydroxide. The experiment involves determining the concentration of calcium ions ([Ca2+]) in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution. This concentration is then used to calculate the Ksp based on the precipitation reaction of calcium hydroxide. Common ions were found to decrease solubility as expected theoretically, but ionic strength did not follow the expected trend of increasing solubility with increasing strength. Sources of error include inaccurate measurements of reagents and improper titration technique, which could affect the calculated parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    738 views2 pages

    Experiment 5 Chem 26.1

    Uploaded by

    Collin Reyes Huelgas
    This document describes an experiment to determine the solubility product constant (Ksp) of calcium hydroxide. The experiment involves determining the concentration of calcium ions ([Ca2+]) in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution. This concentration is then used to calculate the Ksp based on the precipitation reaction of calcium hydroxide. Common ions were found to decrease solubility as expected theoretically, but ionic strength did not follow the expected trend of increasing solubility with increasing strength. Sources of error include inaccurate measurements of reagents and improper titration technique, which could affect the calculated parameters.

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    DETERMINATION OF THE SOLUBILITY PRODUCT

    CONSTANT OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE


    1
    2
    B.C. HUELGAS
    and R. CALUBAD
    1

    INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, COLLEGE OF SCIENCE


    INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
    UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN, QUEZON CITY 1101, PHILIPPINES
    DATE SUBMITTED: 4 MARCH 2015
    DATE PERFORMED: 20 FEBRUARY 2015
    2

    ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
    1. Write the net ionic reaction for the precipitation of Ca(OH)
    2 and give the K
    sp
    expression of the reaction.
    The net ionic reaction for the precipitation of Ca(OH)
    be expressed as,
    2 can

    2+
    Ca(OH)
    (s) Ca
    + 2OH
    2

    For this equation, the K


    expression of the reaction is,
    sp
    2+
    -2
    K
    ] [OH
    ]
    sp =
    [Ca

    [1]

    2+
    2. What is the working equation for the determination of the [Ca
    ] in the saturated
    solution of Ca(OH)
    ?
    2
    The working equation for the determination of the [Ca2+

    ] in the saturated solution of


    Ca(OH)
    can be represented by,

    2
    2+ [OH]
    [Ca
    ]= 2
    or
    2+
    [Ca
    ]=

    (V titrant)[H+]
    (V ianalyte)

    -
    2+
    3. Write the K
    of Ca(OH)
    in terms of its (a) molar solubility
    s,
    (b) [OH
    ] and (c) [Ca
    ].
    sp
    2
    The Ksp

    of
    Ca(OH)
    written in terms of its molar solubility is

    2
    K sp = 4s3
    2-
    in terms of
    [OH
    ],
    3
    ]
    4([OH
    2 )

    and in terms of [Ca2+

    ]
    3

    4[Ca2+]

    [2]

    4. Discuss the effects of common ions and increasing ionic strength on the solubility of
    the Ca(OH)
    precipitate. Do they coincide with theoretical effects? Explain.
    2
    The presence of another common ion in the solution can reduce the solubility of the
    precipitate, shifting the equilibrium of it back to the reactant side [3]. In general, the solubility of
    a slightly soluble salt is decreased by the presence of a second solute the furnishes a common ion
    [4]. However, in the data gathered it can be seen that the opposite was observed.

    On the other hand, the data obtained did not have a definite trend with respect to the
    effect of ionic strength. The data at first decreased, from to 0.010 M to 0.050 M, then from this
    point it gradually increased starting from 0.050 M to 0.50 M. This data however, do not coincide
    with the diverse-ion theory, which deals with inter-ionic contacts of the ions present in a
    solution. It states that
    the interactions between ions become stronger as the ionic concentration
    of the solution rises. The increase in attractions leads to lesser activities of the participating ions
    or their effective concentration thus causing an increase in solubility [5].
    5. What are the possible sources of errors and their effect on the calculated
    parameters? Rationalize.
    Possible sources of errors are improper measurement of the reagents. If the
    concentrations of the reagents are not accurate, then it will change the results obtained since it
    depends upon the concentration of the substance. Another source of error may have been from
    the preparation of the sodium carbonate suspension. The suspension may not have been
    saturated enough before an analyte was measured out of it. This will result to lesser K
    sp than the
    theoretical. Last possible cause would have been from the titration process. Improper way of
    titrating, wrong measurement of the used volume of titrant etc., will all lead to a gross error on

    the calculation of the [OH-


    ] and may cause failure of the experiment.
    REFERENCES
    [1] UPD Analytical Chemistry Group (ACAG).
    Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Manual.
    Quezon
    City: Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, 2013 ed.. Print.
    [2] Zumdahl, Steven S., and Susan A. Zumdahl.
    Chemistry
    . Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage
    Learning, 2014. Print.
    [3] Brown, Theodore L., H. Eugene LeMay, and Bruce Edward. Bursten.
    Chemistry: The Central
    Science
    . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. Print.
    [4] Chang, Raymond, and Kenneth A. Goldsby.
    Chemistry
    . New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print.
    [5] Petrucci, Ralph H., and William S. Harwood. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern
    Applications. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2002. Print.

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