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High-pressure experiments reveal that calcium solubility in bridgmanite is insufficient to fully remove davemaoite from the Earth’s lower mantle. We propose that davemaoite-enriched domains form at the core–mantle boundary, serving as reservoirs for incompatible elements and offering a potential explanation for large low shear-wave velocity provinces.

The calcium silicate perovskite mineral davemaoite probably persisted since lower-mantle formation and may form davemaoite-enriched domains at the core–mantle boundary, according to an experimental study at lower-mantle conditions.

Ongoing climate change might alter the Atlantic–European jet and affect hydroclimate extremes. Reconstructions of jet metrics for 1421–2023 show that summer drought in Central Europe coincided with a poleward shift and flood episodes coincided with an equatorward shift. Recent changes (past 30 years) are still within the boundaries of past variability.

European climate extremes during the past 600 years were in large part driven by changes in the position and strength of the jet stream over the Atlantic, according to an analysis of terrestrial hydroclimate records.

Quartz-rich clasts in Martian meteorite NWA 7533 indicate the presence of granitic rocks on early Mars that formed via hydrothermal activity and impact melting, according to petrologic and in situ geochemical analyses.

Global sea-level rise during Meltwater Pulse 1A followed sequential ice loss from the Laurentide, Eurasian and then West Antarctic ice sheets, according to a fingerprinting approach.

Rapid deposition of early-generation oxidation products substantially reduces the formation of late-generation atmospheric compounds, according to a deposition framework based on physicochemical properties and chemical modelling.

Natural gradients across surface ocean regions show that changes in carbonate chemistry projected for ocean alkalinity enhancement could promote the proliferation of calcifying phytoplankton. This shift would increase an alkalinity sink, thus reducing the efficiency of ocean alkalinity enhancement as a CO₂ removal method.

Intensive ocean alkalinity enhancement will cause a proliferation of calcifying organisms, which reduces its effectiveness as a carbon sequestration approach, according to an analysis of coccolithophore sensitivity to natural carbonate chemistry variability.

Rhabdophane contains high concentrations of the rare earth elements, yet Tobias Bamforth argues that it remains underappreciated as a significant host of these critical metals.

Sustained monitoring is essential for assessing volcanic hazards. Integration with igneous petrology is key to linking monitoring data to underlying magmatic processes.

The rigid-body motion of Earth’s wandering inner core has now been reliably tracked over the past 20 years. With this knowledge, we can compare seismic recordings obtained when the inner core returns to the same position after moving for several years. More is changing than just the inner core position; the soft outermost inner core probably deforms.

Diverse lithospheric rocks show nanoporosity that changes the geochemistry of fluids and rock reactivity during fluid–rock interactions, according to a study including electron microscopy, molecular dynamics and thermodynamic modelling.

Ocean pH probably rose rapidly in the Hadean and early Archaean due to elevated rates of seafloor and continental weathering, according to a model integrating global carbon cycling and ocean geochemistry with continental growth and mantle thermal evolution.

Earth’s inner core has both changed its relative rotation rate and deformed in the past few decades, according to an analysis of seismic waves recorded when the inner core occupied the same relative location owing to its changing rotation rate.

Uptake of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods in geoscience is currently limited. We argue that such methods that reveal the decision processes of AI models can foster trust in their results and facilitate the broader adoption of AI.

Greenland-wide observations of crevasse volume and distribution suggest substantial increases in crevassing between 2016 and 2021 at marine-terminating sectors with accelerating ice flow.

Waves breaking on sandy beaches globally contribute a similar amount of dissolved silicon to oceans as that from rivers, according to a global analysis informed by experiments performed on a simulated quartz sand beach.

Fire emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes are mainly produced from smouldering combustion of woody debris, according to observationally constrained fire emissions inventories.

The cause of episodes of unrest at caldera volcanoes is often unclear. Analysis of the sulfur composition of gas emissions at Campi Flegrei in Italy suggests a magmatic origin of the recent unrest at this hazardous caldera.