The observation of a neutrino in an enormous underwater detector has confounded physicists. It is much more energetic than any particle observed previously, suggesting that it came from a distant astrophysical source.

Data from the XRISM X-ray satellite provide unprecedented detail on how ionized plasma moves in massive galaxy clusters — a question with huge cosmological and astrophysical implications.

In the nineteenth century, the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx revealed how birds evolved from dinosaurs. A bird fossil of similar age to Archaeopteryx shows flight-aiding innovations such as the loss of a long tail.

Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) can learn to associate food with the geomagnetic signatures of various oceanic regions, suggesting that they are able to find known foraging areas using an internal magnetic ‘map’. This map and an internal magnetic ‘compass’ rely on distinct mechanisms, implying that turtles have two magnetic senses.