6 Potential Health Benefits of Cayenne Pepper

Cayenne peppers and other types of hot peppers are a concentrated source of many nutrients and can be a healthy addition to your diet.

Here’s the nutritional breakdown for one 45-gram hot red chili pepper (4):

• Calories: 18
• Protein: 0.8 grams
• Fat: 0.2 grams
• Carbs: 3.9 grams
• Fiber: 0.7 grams
• Vitamin C: 72% of the DV
• Provitamin A: 48% of the Daily Value (DV)
• Vitamin B6: 13% of the DV
• Vitamin K: 5% of the DV

As you can see, just one chili pepper provides an impressive amount of nutrients.

Chili peppers like cayenne peppers are especially rich in provitamin A carotenoids and vitamin C.

Vitamin A exists in two forms: provitamin A and preformed vitamin A. Provitamin A carotenoids are found in plant foods, while preformed vitamin A is concentrated in animal foods (5).

Provitamin A carotenoids found in cayenne include alpha carotene and beta carotene, which the body can convert into the active form of vitamin A (6, 7).

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient that’s involved in many aspects of health. For example, it’s necessary for (7, 8):

• the functioning of the immune system
• vision
• reproduction
• growth and development
• bone health

Plus, hot peppers like cayenne peppers are packed with vitamin C.

Just one 45-gram chili pepper provides 72% of this nutrient. Like vitamin A, vitamin C is essential to immune health. It also plays critical roles in collagen production, iron absorption, and neurotransmitter synthesis (9).

Additionally, hot peppers like cayenne peppers provide nutrients like B6, vitamin K, potassium, and magnesium.

Even though cayenne peppers are nutritious, most people can only handle a small portion because of their intense spicy flavor. However, consuming small amounts of cayenne regularly could contribute to the improved intake of certain nutrients.

Summary

Chili peppers like cayenne peppers are high in a number of nutrients, including vitamin C and provitamin A.

Many of the health benefits attributed to hot peppers like cayenne peppers are linked to their capsaicin content. Peppers contain a variety of compounds called capsaicinoids, but capsaicin is the most abundant (3, 10).

When you consume it in high-dose supplement form or apply it topically, capsaicin may offer several health benefits, including (11, 12, 13, 14, 15):

• pain relief
• improved athletic performance
• lowered blood sugar levels

However, research on the effects of taking capsaicin supplements is quite limited, and more evidence supports the use of topical applications of capsaicin, such as capsicin-containing creams (16).

Research also suggests that capsaicin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, it’s unclear whether the amounts of capsaicin consumed in normal servings of cayenne peppers and other hot peppers have any meaningful benefits (11).

Even though the capsaicin found in cayenne peppers likely offers some benefits, more research is needed to fully understand how capsaicin derived from normal serving sizes of cayenne peppers affects health.

Summary

A compound called capsaicin in cayenne peppers may offer some health benefits. However, available studies focus on high-dose oral capsaicin supplements and topical applications, not the amounts found in normal serving sizes of hot peppers.

Although capsaicin is perhaps the most well-known plant compound found in cayenne peppers, they contain many more protective plant compounds that may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the body.

For example, cayenne peppers provide:

• flavonoids
• vitamin C
• carotenoids

All of these may help protect against cellular damage caused by oxidative stress — an imbalance between damaging molecules called free radicals and antioxidant defenses in the body (17, 18).

A 2015 study showed that Capsicum annuum pepper varieties, including a type of cayenne pepper, had the greatest antioxidant activity compared with other types of peppers, including habanero-type peppers (C. chinense) (19).

Following a diet high in nutrient-dense, antioxidant-rich foods like peppers could help promote optimal health and increase your body’s antioxidant defenses.

Studies show that consuming a diet rich in plant foods that contain a variety of antioxidants may protect against certain health conditions like heart disease and may help prolong your life (20, 21).

Consuming cayenne peppers, along with other fruits and vegetables, is a smart way to keep yourself healthy while providing your body with protective plant compounds and essential nutrients.

Summary

In addition to capsaicin, cayenne peppers contain other beneficial compounds, including carotenoids and flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Even though studies on cayenne pepper intake and health are limited, some studies have associated hot pepper consumption in general with improved health outcomes.

Researchers think that the beneficial compounds found in hot peppers, including capsaicin, may help reduce inflammation and oxidative damage, which could help protect against certain health conditions, including heart disease (22).

For example, a 2019 Italian study that included 22,811 adults found that regular chili pepper consumption was associated with a lower risk of death from heart disease (23).

Some researchers suggest that capsaicin may improve certain aspects of cardiovascular health, including blood vessel function, but more studies are needed to confirm this potential benefit (11).

A large 2021 review of four observational studies found that chili pepper consumption was associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes (24).

Other studies have also linked chili pepper consumption to a lower risk of all-cause mortality (25).

While these findings are encouraging, this does not mean that eating a chili pepper every day will protect you from developing chronic diseases. It simply means that some studies have found associations between chili pepper consumption and some potential health benefits.

If you’re trying to improve your health, it’s best to examine your diet as a whole instead of focusing on just one food, such as chili peppers.

Eating more vegetables and fruits, getting enough sleep, reducing stress, and getting regular activity are much more important for protecting your health than adding any particular food into your diet.

Summary

Some studies have linked regular hot pepper consumption to a lower risk of all-cause and heart-disease-related mortality.

Although salt isn’t bad for you when you eat it in small amounts, consuming too much salt can take a toll on your health and may even increase your risk of certain health conditions like high blood pressure and heart disease (26, 27).

Interestingly, using cayenne to flavor your food may help you cut back on your salt intake.

A 2017 study found that when participants added cayenne pepper to soup, they were less likely to desire salt, were less hungry, and felt fuller 1 hour after their meal (28).

However, the study did find that the participants seemed to crave more sweets and fats after cayenne consumption. For this reason, more research is needed to understand how cayenne affects taste perception and cravings.

If you’re using salt to flavor your food, you could try adding a dash of powdered cayenne pepper to see whether it helps you use less salt.

You could also try adding fresh, finely chopped cayenne pepper to recipes like omelets and salad dressings to reduce the need for added salt.

Summary

Using cayenne pepper may help cut down on your use of added salt, which could benefit health.

You can use cayenne pepper in a variety of ways.

Enjoy cayenne peppers fresh or add them to cooked dishes for a kick of flavor.

Plus, you can use powdered cayenne pepper in a number of recipes, both sweet and savory.

Here are a few ways to use cayenne:

• Add finely chopped fresh cayenne to stir-fries.
• Use a bit of powdered cayenne in stews, chilis, and soups.
• Add powdered or chopped fresh cayenne to baked goods like cornbread and chocolate cake.
• Mix a bit of powdered cayenne into egg dishes, such as frittatas and omelets.
• Sprinkle a bit of powdered cayenne in your hot chocolate for a spicy twist.
• Use fresh or powdered cayenne in dressings and marinades.
• Add cayenne pepper to homemade fire cider.
• Make your own hot sauce with cayenne and a few other simple ingredients.

If you’re new to using hot peppers like cayenne, it’s important to start with just a small amount. These peppers are quite spicy and can easily overpower the flavor of a dish, so you don’t want to overdo it.

When working with cayenne peppers or any other spicy pepper in the kitchen, avoid touching your eyes after handling them. Cayenne peppers may irritate your eyes and skin, so wash your hands thoroughly after chopping or touching them.

Also, if spicy foods tend to upset your stomach or give you heartburn, you may want to avoid cayenne, especially in large doses.

Normal serving sizes of both fresh and powdered cayenne pepper are safe. However, taking high-dose cayenne pepper supplements has been linked to dangerous side effects in some people, including irregular heartbeat and elevated blood pressure (29).

High-dose cayenne pepper supplements appear to have led to heart attacks in at least two documented cases, so it’s probably best to avoid these types of supplements (29, 30).

Summary

You can use cayenne pepper in many recipes. Although it’s safe when you consume it in normal amounts, high-dose cayenne pepper supplements have been associated with dangerous side effects in some people.

Cayenne pepper is a moderately spicy pepper that’s surprisingly nutritious.

It’s an excellent source of provitamin A and vitamin C. Plus, it contains a variety of protective plant compounds, like capsaicin and flavonoids.

Some studies have linked hot pepper consumption in general to a lower risk of mortality, and some researchers have suggested that the plant compounds found in cayenne pepper may benefit heart health.

However, research on the specific benefits of cayenne pepper is currently limited, and more studies are needed to assess how consuming cayenne pepper may affect your health.

If you’re looking for a new way to add flavor to your food and a fan of spice, try using fresh or powdered cayenne pepper in your next recipe.