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La inflamación o las enfermedades que afectan los órganos en el abdomen pueden causar dolor abdominal. Los órganos principales en el abdomen incluyen:
Son muchas las afecciones que pueden causar dolor abdominal. Sin embargo, las causas principales son infecciones, crecimientos anormales, inflamación, obstrucción (oclusión) y trastornos intestinales.
El dolor abdominal se puede percibir de manera localizada, similar a un cólico o espasmódica.
El dolor localizado se limita a un área del abdomen. Las causas de este tipo de dolor suelen ser problemas en un órgano en particular. La causa más común del dolor localizado son las úlceras estomacales (llagas abiertas en el revestimiento interno del estómago).
El dolor parecido a un calambre podrÃa estar asociado con problemas como diarrea, estreñimiento, hinchazón o flatulencia. En las mujeres, puede estar asociado con la menstruación, un aborto espontáneo o complicaciones en los órganos reproductores femeninos. Este dolor aparece y desaparece, y puede irse completamente sin tratamiento.
El dolor espasmódico es un sÃntoma de afecciones más graves, como cálculos biliares o cálculos renales. Este dolor se presenta repentinamente y puede sentirse como un espasmo muscular severo.
Localización del dolor en el abdomen
La ubicación exacta del dolor en el abdomen puede darnos una pista de su causa.
El dolor generalizado en todo el abdomen (y no en una zona especÃfica) podrÃa indicar:
colonoscopia (para ver dentro del colon e intestinos)
endoscopÃa (para detectar inflamación y anormalidades en el esófago y el estómago)
imagen del tracto intestinal superior (una radiografÃa especial que usa tinte de contraste para verificar si hay presencia de crecimientos, úlceras, inflamación, oclusiones y otras anormalidades en el estómago)
No todas las formas de dolor abdominal son prevenibles. Sin embargo, los siguientes consejos te ayudarán a minimizar el riesgo de tener dolor abdominal:
