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Set up automatic image optimization pipeline (#5779)
Use 11ty's first-party [image transformation plugin](https://www.11ty.dev/docs/plugins/image/) to automatically optimize images, convert them to `png`, `webp`, and `avif`, and then transform the site HTML to use the [`<picture>` element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/picture) to select the best one for the user. This only runs in production deploy builds to reduce serving time. Also applies lazy loading and async decoding to all images, even when serving without optimizations. The transform also adds a hash of the image, allowing us to expand caching for images in Firebase hosting. To account for the transformed HTML structure, some minor HTML and CSS changes were needed as well. Overall, this reduces page load time on pages that use images, and reduces unnecessary downloads that were due to a relatively short cache time for images. On a page with just a few images, such as https://dart.dev/tools/pub/automated-publishing, the lighthouse perf score increases around 10-15 points. Fixes #4473 Fixes #3124
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_cache/ | ||
_site/ | ||
.cache | ||
.*-cache | ||
.*-metadata | ||
.buildlog | ||
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