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    Groundwater Prospecting: Tools, Techniques and Training
    Groundwater Prospecting: Tools, Techniques and Training
    Groundwater Prospecting: Tools, Techniques and Training
    Ebook58 pages44 minutes

    Groundwater Prospecting: Tools, Techniques and Training

    By Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka

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    About this ebook

    In this book Groundwater Prospecting: Tools, Techniques, and training methods are explained in detail. The author is a Geologist, Geographer, Environment, Climate Change and Development professional.

    Many countries are facing severe water constraints today. Every country should be able to harness and manage its water resources more efficiently to support intensive agriculture, to fulfill drinking water and sanitation needs of both rural and urban populations, and also to satisfy the requirements of the industry. During the last few decades, the creation of surface reservoirs and the associated irrigation canal networks had formed the backbone of our water management strategy. Where the canal network could not reach, groundwater has been heavily exploited for irrigation. A piquant situation has, therefore, arisen; the areas are facing declining groundwater levels. The need, therefore, is to increase our ability to conjunctively manage groundwater in a region. The groundwater prospecting plays a major role in sustainable harvesting and use.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherSai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka
    Release dateMay 7, 2018
    ISBN9780463401422
    Groundwater Prospecting: Tools, Techniques and Training
    Author

    Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka

    I am involved in Environment and Development work for the past 25 years. Contributing to Climate Resilience, Environmental Sustainability, Disaster Risk Reduction, Rural Energy - good stoves, biochar, Water Resources, and Agriculture. An innovator, writer, podcaster, lecturer, presenter, and development professional.

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      Book preview

      Groundwater Prospecting - Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka

      Groundwater Prospecting: Tools, Techniques and Training

      By Dr. Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka

      [email protected]

      This book is declared as ‘Open Knowledge' by the Author - that is use the content as it is, edit it and use or take the essence with and without acknowledgment.

      Introduction 1

      Rationale 2

      Training Centre 6

      Application of Geophysics for Groundwater Studies 8

      Tools and Techniques 11

      Application and Limitations of various Groundwater Exploration tools 17

      Annexures 18

      References 32

      Introduction

      Many countries are facing severe water constraints today. Every country should be able to harness and manage its water resources more efficiently to support intensive agriculture, to fulfill drinking water and sanitation needs of both rural and urban populations, and also to satisfy the requirements of the industry.

      Current water resource constraints in India, regarding both quality and quantity, can be expected to manifest themselves even more rapidly in the coming years. In the past, with lower population and development levels, there was still substantial room for each sector to satisfy its water needs and concerns independently. Now, as the gap between the availability of water resources and the demands on such resources narrows, the past approach to water management pursued in India is no longer tenable. Competition for water between agricultural and urban sectors will be a significant challenge in the forthcoming century. Further, expansion in irrigation, industry, and domestic water demands will have serious implications competing for non-consumptive uses, such as hydropower and navigation. Provision for environmental and ecological concerns will have to be made.

      During the last few decades, the creation of surface reservoirs and the associated irrigation canal networks had formed the backbone of our water management strategy. Where the canal network could not reach, groundwater has been heavily exploited for irrigation. A piquant situation has, therefore, arisen; the areas are facing declining groundwater levels. The need, therefore, is to increase our ability to conjunctively manage groundwater in a region.

      The hard rock areas of the country face special problems due to the sub-surface void space being localized to regions of fractures and fissures resulting in limited ground water potential. Fractures may transmit large quantities of water; in other areas, they may be nearly impervious. Because of the complex distribution of fractures in almost every type of rock, no single method can unambiguously map fractures and their capacity for fluid movement. The need, therefore, is to develop more efficient and reliable methods for locating zones of fractures and fissures and estimating their water-yielding potential both under natural as well as stressed condition. In this connection, satellite remote sensing, electromagnetic waves, electrical, optical and microwave sensors may prove to be advantageous in identifying potential groundwater areas.

      In alluvial areas where groundwater availability is not restricted to zones of fractures and fissures, there has generally been large-scale over-exploitation of this resource. All over the country, the need is, therefore, to develop innovative methods for conservation of rainwater and renewal and reuse of wastewater, wherever possible. While conservation is necessary to evolve methods for its sub-surface storage in large quantities in aquifers in an economical manner without endangering their water quality. In this context, it is worth noting that as a result of overexploitation during the last four decades, both in hard rock and alluvial areas, we have inadvertently created a void space the volume of which is several times more than the total surface reservoir capacity in the country. Further, this reservoir space is more where relatively more use of groundwater takes place. Successful exploitation of this space for artificial recharge of groundwater under Indian conditions with highly seasonal rainfall necessitates providing temporary storage for the large volume of runoff generated during short spells of high-intensity rainfall and accelerating its percolation to

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