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Topics
Data & Maps
Surveys & Programs
Resource Library
Genealogy
By law, personally identifiable information collected for a decennial census is released to the public after 72 years. The National Archives released the 1940 census on April 2, 2012. Learn more about your family history from census records.
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Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2010 CensusTabulations of all surnames occurring 100 or more times in the 2010 Census returns. No specific individual information is provided.
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Frequently Occurring Surnames from the Census 2000Tabulations of all surnames occurring 100 or more times in the Census 2000 returns. No specific individual information is provided.
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Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 1990 CensusTabulation of names from the 1990 Census. These files contain only the frequency of a surname, no specific individual information.
Related Sites
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National Archives: Resources for GenealogistsCopies of decennial census records are available for research at the National Archives, at select regional centers, and at select Federal depository libraries.
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PublicationFactfinder for the Nation: Availability of Census Records, IndividualsThis Factfinder explains what census materials are available and how to obtain them and also lists the sources for some other useful records about individuals.
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PublicationMeasuring America: The Decennial Censuses From 1790 to 2000Contains questionnaires and instructions, plus individual histories of each census.
Other Subtopics Within 'Population'
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Age and SexFocusing on a population’s age and sex composition is one of the most basic ways to understand population change over time.
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AncestryAncestry refers to a person’s ethnic origin or descent, "roots," or heritage, or the place of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors.
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ChildrenAll Census Bureau demographic surveys collect information about children. The information collected varies.
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Computer and Internet UseThe U.S. Census Bureau has been collecting data on computers and Internet use sporadically since 1984.
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Foreign-BornThe foreign-born population includes anyone who is not a U.S. citizen at birth, including those who have become U.S. citizens through naturalization.
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Hispanic OriginPeople who identify with the terms “Hispanic” or “Latino” are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories.
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InternationalThe U.S. Census Bureau conducts demographic, economic, and geographic studies of other countries and strengthens statistical development around the world.
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Language UseLanguage use, English-speaking ability, and linguistic isolation data are collected in the ACS.
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Migration/Geographic MobilityMigration and geographic mobility both refer to the movement of people within and across boundaries, such as county or state lines.
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Older Population and AgingDetailed information and statistics on population older population and aging.
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Population EstimatesAnnual estimates for the U.S., states, counties, cities, etc. Components of population change (births, deaths and migration) for U.S., states and counties.
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Population ProjectionsThe Population Projections Program produces population estimates for future dates. Projections include assumptions about future births, deaths, and migration.
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RaceThe data on race and ethnicity were derived from answers to the question on race and ethnicity that was asked of individuals in the United States.
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Racial and Ethnic DiversityThe concept of racial and ethnic diversity refers to the representation and relative size of different racial and ethnic groups within a population.
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Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity (SOGI)U.S. Census Bureau data on these topics can help measure the growing diverse, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) populations.
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VeteransThe U.S. Census Bureau currently collects data on veterans of the Armed Forces using the ACS, CPS, and SIPP.
Page Last Revised - October 22, 2024
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