Gesture analysis of violin bow strokes

2003

Frontiers in Psychology

Proceedings of the SMC Conferences, 2018

Proceedings of the 5th international Workshop on Sensor-based Activity Recognition and Interaction

2013

We present a probabilistic approach to modeling violin bowing gestures, for the purpose of synthesizing violin sound from a musical score. The gesture models are based on Gaussian processes, a principled probabilistic framework. Models for bow velocity, bow-bridge distance and bow force during a stroke are learned from training data of recorded bowing motion. From the models of bow motion during a stroke, slightly novel bow motion can be synthesized, varying in a random manner along the main modes of variation learned from the data. Such synthesized bow strokes can be stitched together to form a continuous bowing motion, which can drive a physical violin model, producing naturalistic violin sound. Listening tests show that the sound produced from the synthetic bowing motion is perceived as very similar to sound produced from real bowing motion, recorded with motion capture. Even more importantly, the Gaussian process framework allows modeling short and long range temporal dependenci...

International Computer Music Conference, 2011

Pembangunan pertanian pada dasarnya adalah proses transformasi pertanian. Transformasi pertanian yaitu sutu proses perubahan pada berbagai aspek di bidang pertanian. Perubahan yang dimaksud bukan hanya pada teknologi namun lebih jauh lagi pada kelembagaan ekonomi dan sosial pertanian. Modernisasi pertanian dalam sistem perekonomian campuran di beberapa negara berkembang juga dapat katakan sebagai suatu proses transisi yang berlangsung secara bertahap tetapi berkesinambungan, yakni pola produksi yang subsisten menjadi sistem pertanian yang terdiversifikasi dan terspesialisasi. Setiap negara yang mencoba mengubah pola pertanian tradisional harus menyadari bahwa upaya untuk menyesuaikan struktur pertanian dalam rangka memenuhi tuntutan atau bahan pangan yang yang semakin tinggi itu juga meliputi perubahan – perubahan yang mempengaruhi stuktur sosial, politik, dan kelembagaan masyarakat pedesaan. Tanpa perubahan – perubahan tersebut, pembangunan pertanian tidak akan berjalan lancar, bahkan sebaliknya akna menyebabkan jurang ketimpangan antara pemilik lahan luas yang kaya dengan para petani kecil penyewa, penggarap, dan yang tidak memiliki lahan sama sekali. Sebenarnya salah satu sektor penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia adalah sektor pertanian yang merupakan penerapan akal dan karya manusia melalui pengendalian proses produksi biologis tumbuh-tumbuhan dan hewan, sehingga lebih bermanfaat bagi manusia. Tanaman dapat diibaratkan sebagai pabrik primer karena dengan memakai bahan dasar langsung dari alam dapat menghasilkan bahan organik yang bermanfaat bagi manusia baik langsung maupun tidak langsung. Usaha pertanian memiliki dua ciri penting yaitu: 1. Selalu melibatkan barang dalam volume besar 2. Proses produksi yang memiliki resiko yang relatif tinggi Dua ciri khas ini muncul karena pertanian melibatkan makhluk hidup dalam satu atau beberapa tahapnya dan memerlukan ruang untuk kegiatan itu serta jangka waktu tertentu dalam proses produksi. Beberapa bentuk pertanian modern (misalnya budi daya alga dan

Journal of the International Colour Association, 2023

In most educational contexts, colour is presented as having a single set of three attributes or dimensions. Just three attributes suffice to describe colour as long as we consider only a single mode of colour appearance, such as colours perceived as belonging to light-reflecting objects, where the CIEdefined attributes of hue, lightness and chroma are sufficient, as are the three attributes used in the Natural Colour System (NCS), hue, blackness and chromaticness. But other attributes come into play when we consider colours perceived as belonging to light itself, including (1) light perceived to be falling on objects, or (2) light reaching the eye, whether directly from a primary light source, or by specular reflection, diffuse reflection or transmission by objects. More than three attributes are therefore required to fully describe the appearance of illuminated objects, which involves colours in multiple modes of colour appearance. This paper provides a discussion of the main modes of colour appearance followed by illustrated explanations of the six attributes of perceived colour currently defined in the CIE International Lighting Vocabulary, hue, brightness, lightness, colourfulness, chroma and saturation, along with the NCS-defined attribute of blackness and the related attribute of brilliance. Special consideration is given to the distinctions between brightness and lightness, and between colourfulness, saturation and chroma, and to the relevance of these concepts for understanding, describing and depicting the appearance of illuminated objects. Also of special interest is the influence of chromatic intensity on brightness and lightness perception (the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect), which I argue is connected with blackness perception, and which must be contended with in order to determine lightness in the Munsell system and CIE L*a*b*. A second issue relating to colour attributes in colour education is that, with some exceptions, hue is usually presented using just a single hue circle or "colour wheel", very often in a form embodying historical beliefs about three "primary colours". To address this issue, the section on hue discusses different kinds of simple hue circle that emphasise different relationships among hues and provide alternative hue frameworks.