A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot.Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.
Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
The various kinds of data structures referred to as trees in computer science have underlying graphs that are trees in graph theory, although such data structures are generally rooted trees. A rooted tree may be directed, called a directed rooted tree, either making all its edges point away from the root—in which case it is called an arborescence,branching, or out-tree—, or making all its edges point towards the root—in which case it is called an anti-arborescence or in-tree. A rooted tree itself has been defined by some authors as a directed graph.
The term "tree" was coined in 1857 by the British mathematician Arthur Cayley.
Definitions
Tree
A tree is an undirected graph G that satisfies any of the following equivalent conditions:
The Leaf Label is an independent record label based in Yorkshire, United Kingdom. Initially known as an electronic music label, releasing mainly instrumental music, the company's approach has broadened over the last few years and now features an eclectic range of artists, with a focus on strong live performers.
The Leaf Label was created in late 1994 by Tony Morley, at that time, Press Officer at 4AD in London, along with friend and co-conspirator Julian Carrera, then working for music press company Stone Immaculate. The pair ran the label as a hobby until the end of 1996, during which time they released a series of eight 12" singles, of mainly electronic music. The label debuted in early 1995 with a 12" release by Boymerang, aka Graham Sutton of the influential post-rock band Bark Psychosis, and early releases also included two volumes of the 'Invisible Soundtracks' series of EPs. Following his recovery from a serious road accident in September 2005, Morley decided to leave 4AD at the end of 1996, setting up his own independent promo company No9, and parting company with Carrera around the same time. The company's first office was in Battersea in South West London, later moving to larger premises in Brixton, South London.
A drop in popular music, especially electronic music styles, is a point in a music track where a switch of rhythm or bass line occurs and usually follows a recognizable build section and break.
The term "drop" comes from the composer or producer "dropping in" the primary rhythmic and foundational elements previously hinted at into the mix more or less at once. Related terms, typically describing certain types of drops, include "beat-up" (so named because it is a point where the producer brings up the foundational kick drum beat after having faded it down during a break or buildup) and "climax" (typically describing a single particularly striking drop heard late in the track).
Types
Many genres of EDM can have more than one drop during a track, especially if the song is built on a "dance-pop" verse/chorus with vocals; a drop of some kind is typically heard somewhere during each chorus as the high point of that verse/chorus cycle. Most genres, however, tend to emphasize a single drop as the beginning of the high point, or climax, of the entire track; in vocal subgenres this is typically the last repetition of the chorus, while in nonvocal genres it typically occurs in the last quarter of the track.
An overhand (or overcut or drop) is a semi-circular and vertical punch thrown with the rear hand. It is usually employed when the opponent is bobbing or slipping. The strategic utility of the drop relying on body weight can deliver a great deal of power.
Song - Leaf
Artist - Doublej
Album link - http://www.myanmarmusicstore.com/AlbumDetail.aspx?albumid=B0003135
#doublej #famous #team143
published: 25 May 2019
Doublej - Leaf (Lyrics Video)
Song - Leaf
Artist - Doublej
Composer - Doublej
Band - Mu Paing Pyonn(မူပိုင္ၿပံဳး)
Album link - http://www.myanmarmusicstore.com/Albu...
published: 24 Jun 2019
LEAF IS A GOD GAMER
#shorts #Valorant #TFT #counterstrike #esports
Leaf is just casually GOATED at Valorant, TFT and more?!
Hosted by: Sebastien Martin-Schultz
Written by: Elisabeth Marchini
Edited by: Sam Gore
Produced by: Bernard Malijan
#genprod
Music used under license from Associated Production Music LLC (”APM”).
Follow us on Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/thescoreesports
Follow us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/thescoreesports
Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/theScoreesports
Follow us on TikTok: http://www.tiktok.com/@thescoreesports
Follow us on Instagram: https://instagram.com/theScoreesports
published: 04 Mar 2025
Evil SPRUNKI TORNADO Destroys Baby's HOUSE!
Evil SPRUNKI TORNADO Destroys Baby's HOUSE!
SUBSCRIBE
None of these actions should be replicated in real life, these videos are purely for entertainment.
published: 28 Feb 2025
もぺもぺ
//!--- This movie is NOT for children. ---!//
Artist : LeaF https://soundcloud.com/leaf-7
Movie : Optie https://twitter.com/Optie_f
BMSイベント 「BOFU2017 - LEGENDA EST A MYTH -」 参加作品
チーム「孤高クローバー」
http://www.bmsoffighters.net/bofu2017/
http://manbow.nothing.sh/event/event.cgi?action=More_def&num=219&event=116
published: 09 Oct 2017
Ben&Ben - Leaves feat. Young K | Official Music Video
Ben&Ben - Leaves feat. Young K | Official Music Video
#YoungK #Day6 #BenAndBen
-
LEAVES
Written by Paolo Benjamin
Arranged by Ben&Ben
Produced by Ben&Ben, Jean-Paul Verona, and Johnoy Danao
Mixed by Miles Walker
Mastered by Miles Walker
Performed by Ben&Ben and Young K
Directed by Jorel Lising
Head of Production: Earl Guico
Production Manager: Jinky Adoyo
Director of Photography: Ian Guevara
Camera Operators: Pao Sancon, Ardan Arcega
Head Crew: Timothy Axibal
Editor: Jude Matanguihan
Colorist: Mikhail Von Asmuth
Hair and Make Up Artist for Ben&Ben: Bernadette Flores
Official Photographer for Ben&Ben: Karen De La Fuente
Camera and Equipment Rental: Cinedogs
BBMP Band Set-up Head: Ronald Ian Santiago
BBMP Crew: Baje Dizon, Jerald Sulit, Patrick Babina, Rayann Maninang
Dr...
A$AP Rocky - "LIVE.LOVE.A$AP" Available Everywhere Now!
Listen Here // https://smarturl.it/LIVELOVEASAP
Listen to A$AP Rocky: https://AsapRocky.lnk.to/listenYD
Watch more videos by A$AP Rocky: https://AsapRocky.lnk.to/listenYD/youtube
Follow A$AP Rocky:
https://www.instagram.com/asaprocky/
https://twitter.com/asvpxrocky
https://www.facebook.com/asaprocky
Follow Main Attrakionz:
https://www.instagram.com/mainattrakionz/
https://twitter.com/MainAttrakionz
https://www.facebook.com/mainattrakionz
#ASAPROCKY #LEAF #LIVELOVEASAP #HIPHOP
published: 29 Oct 2021
Travel Deep Inside a Leaf - Annotated Version | California Academy of Sciences
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators.
Transcript of closed captions:
0:05: We are approaching a redwood tree. To animate a scientifically accurate leaf, artists studied the texture of a redwood leaf specimen on a glass slide at high resolution. They even counted the stomata, and used that exact count for this film!
0:25: These leaves would be measured on a centimeter scale. Throughout the animation, we will gradually zoom in to smaller scales.
0:40: As we approach a single stoma, we are now on a millimeter scale.
0:48: As we enter the interior of the leaf, we see many individual palisade cells. These cells are where photosynthesis takes place; they are translucent to allow sunlight to enter.
1:00: A...
#shorts #Valorant #TFT #counterstrike #esports
Leaf is just casually GOATED at Valorant, TFT and more?!
Hosted by: Sebastien Martin-Schultz
Written by: Elis...
#shorts #Valorant #TFT #counterstrike #esports
Leaf is just casually GOATED at Valorant, TFT and more?!
Hosted by: Sebastien Martin-Schultz
Written by: Elisabeth Marchini
Edited by: Sam Gore
Produced by: Bernard Malijan
#genprod
Music used under license from Associated Production Music LLC (”APM”).
Follow us on Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/thescoreesports
Follow us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/thescoreesports
Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/theScoreesports
Follow us on TikTok: http://www.tiktok.com/@thescoreesports
Follow us on Instagram: https://instagram.com/theScoreesports
#shorts #Valorant #TFT #counterstrike #esports
Leaf is just casually GOATED at Valorant, TFT and more?!
Hosted by: Sebastien Martin-Schultz
Written by: Elisabeth Marchini
Edited by: Sam Gore
Produced by: Bernard Malijan
#genprod
Music used under license from Associated Production Music LLC (”APM”).
Follow us on Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/thescoreesports
Follow us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/thescoreesports
Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/theScoreesports
Follow us on TikTok: http://www.tiktok.com/@thescoreesports
Follow us on Instagram: https://instagram.com/theScoreesports
Evil SPRUNKI TORNADO Destroys Baby's HOUSE!
SUBSCRIBE
None of these actions should be replicated in real life, these videos are purely for entertainment.
Evil SPRUNKI TORNADO Destroys Baby's HOUSE!
SUBSCRIBE
None of these actions should be replicated in real life, these videos are purely for entertainment.
Evil SPRUNKI TORNADO Destroys Baby's HOUSE!
SUBSCRIBE
None of these actions should be replicated in real life, these videos are purely for entertainment.
//!--- This movie is NOT for children. ---!//
Artist : LeaF https://soundcloud.com/leaf-7
Movie : Optie https://twitter.com/Optie_f
BMSイベント 「BOFU2017 - LEGEND...
//!--- This movie is NOT for children. ---!//
Artist : LeaF https://soundcloud.com/leaf-7
Movie : Optie https://twitter.com/Optie_f
BMSイベント 「BOFU2017 - LEGENDA EST A MYTH -」 参加作品
チーム「孤高クローバー」
http://www.bmsoffighters.net/bofu2017/
http://manbow.nothing.sh/event/event.cgi?action=More_def&num=219&event=116
//!--- This movie is NOT for children. ---!//
Artist : LeaF https://soundcloud.com/leaf-7
Movie : Optie https://twitter.com/Optie_f
BMSイベント 「BOFU2017 - LEGENDA EST A MYTH -」 参加作品
チーム「孤高クローバー」
http://www.bmsoffighters.net/bofu2017/
http://manbow.nothing.sh/event/event.cgi?action=More_def&num=219&event=116
Ben&Ben - Leaves feat. Young K | Official Music Video
#YoungK #Day6 #BenAndBen
-
LEAVES
Written by Paolo Benjamin
Arranged by Ben&Ben
Produced by Ben&Ben, Jea...
Ben&Ben - Leaves feat. Young K | Official Music Video
#YoungK #Day6 #BenAndBen
-
LEAVES
Written by Paolo Benjamin
Arranged by Ben&Ben
Produced by Ben&Ben, Jean-Paul Verona, and Johnoy Danao
Mixed by Miles Walker
Mastered by Miles Walker
Performed by Ben&Ben and Young K
Directed by Jorel Lising
Head of Production: Earl Guico
Production Manager: Jinky Adoyo
Director of Photography: Ian Guevara
Camera Operators: Pao Sancon, Ardan Arcega
Head Crew: Timothy Axibal
Editor: Jude Matanguihan
Colorist: Mikhail Von Asmuth
Hair and Make Up Artist for Ben&Ben: Bernadette Flores
Official Photographer for Ben&Ben: Karen De La Fuente
Camera and Equipment Rental: Cinedogs
BBMP Band Set-up Head: Ronald Ian Santiago
BBMP Crew: Baje Dizon, Jerald Sulit, Patrick Babina, Rayann Maninang
Driver: Edilberto Alipan
Special thanks to:
JYP Entertainment
최경신CHOI KYUNGSHIN
Ms. Socorro Guico
Ms. Digna Rosales
Ms. Roslyn Pineda
Ms. June Rufino
James Duran
Geneca Yambao
Kiel Mamauag
Karelle Bulan
Isobel Funk
Vincent Flores
Sony Music Philippines
Elesi Studios
Ben&Ben - Leaves feat. Young K | Official Music Video
#YoungK #Day6 #BenAndBen
-
LEAVES
Written by Paolo Benjamin
Arranged by Ben&Ben
Produced by Ben&Ben, Jean-Paul Verona, and Johnoy Danao
Mixed by Miles Walker
Mastered by Miles Walker
Performed by Ben&Ben and Young K
Directed by Jorel Lising
Head of Production: Earl Guico
Production Manager: Jinky Adoyo
Director of Photography: Ian Guevara
Camera Operators: Pao Sancon, Ardan Arcega
Head Crew: Timothy Axibal
Editor: Jude Matanguihan
Colorist: Mikhail Von Asmuth
Hair and Make Up Artist for Ben&Ben: Bernadette Flores
Official Photographer for Ben&Ben: Karen De La Fuente
Camera and Equipment Rental: Cinedogs
BBMP Band Set-up Head: Ronald Ian Santiago
BBMP Crew: Baje Dizon, Jerald Sulit, Patrick Babina, Rayann Maninang
Driver: Edilberto Alipan
Special thanks to:
JYP Entertainment
최경신CHOI KYUNGSHIN
Ms. Socorro Guico
Ms. Digna Rosales
Ms. Roslyn Pineda
Ms. June Rufino
James Duran
Geneca Yambao
Kiel Mamauag
Karelle Bulan
Isobel Funk
Vincent Flores
Sony Music Philippines
Elesi Studios
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators.
Transcript of closed captions:
0:05: ...
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators.
Transcript of closed captions:
0:05: We are approaching a redwood tree. To animate a scientifically accurate leaf, artists studied the texture of a redwood leaf specimen on a glass slide at high resolution. They even counted the stomata, and used that exact count for this film!
0:25: These leaves would be measured on a centimeter scale. Throughout the animation, we will gradually zoom in to smaller scales.
0:40: As we approach a single stoma, we are now on a millimeter scale.
0:48: As we enter the interior of the leaf, we see many individual palisade cells. These cells are where photosynthesis takes place; they are translucent to allow sunlight to enter.
1:00: As we approach a single palisade cell, we’ll zoom down to the micrometer scale. The shapes inside the cell are organelles: the bright globules at the bottom are the Golgi apparatus; the yellow spotted tubes are endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
1:09: That large, blue membrane surrounds the nucleus; the purple blobs are mitochondria.
1:18: The faint, yellow, spider-web structure of the cytoskeleton provides structure and support to the cell.
1:24: You are about to enter a chloroplast; inside you see flat, pancake-like membranous structures called thylakoids. This is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place to produce ATP, the cell’s energy carrier molecule. way
1:38: The time scale has changed: the molecules are shown moving 1 million times slower than in real life!
1:42: As we near an individual thylakoid, the animation scale continues to shrink down to the molecular level, where things are measured in nanometers.
1:52: The green and blue bush-like structures are photosystems: clusters of proteins that absorb light energy from the sun and help convert it into the chemical energy that’s stored in the bonds of the energy carrier molecule called ATP.
2:03: The yellow-green, rotating structure is an enzyme called ATP synthase. This molecular machine facilitates the flow of protons down their concentration gradient from one side of the thylakoid membrane to the other, using the energy released in the process to assemble ATP.
2:16: The pulses of light in the thylakoid membrane in which the photosystems are embedded represent energized electrons being passed from one photosystem to another, passing along the energy which will be stored in the bonds of ATP (the classic “bucket brigade”).
2:26: The small “wigglies” are ATP molecules. Living things store energy in the bonds of the ATP molecules and then use that energy to conduct all the processes of life.
This animation is a model, and has its strengths and limitations. In order to model something well, visual artists have to make decisions about what to represent and how best to do so. What’s present in this model, and what’s intentionally missing or altered? Find out by visiting https://www.calacademy.org/educators/travel-deep-inside-a-leaf
- - -
The California Academy of Sciences is a renowned scientific and educational institution dedicated to exploring, explaining, and sustaining life on Earth. Based in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, it's the only place in the world to house an aquarium, planetarium, rainforest, and natural history museum—plus cutting-edge research programs—all under one living roof.
Connect with us:
• Facebook: https://facebook.com/calacademy
• Twitter: https://twitter.com/calacademy
• Instagram: https://instagram.com/calacademy
• Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/heycalacademy
• Tumblr: https://heycalacademy.tumblr.com
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators.
Transcript of closed captions:
0:05: We are approaching a redwood tree. To animate a scientifically accurate leaf, artists studied the texture of a redwood leaf specimen on a glass slide at high resolution. They even counted the stomata, and used that exact count for this film!
0:25: These leaves would be measured on a centimeter scale. Throughout the animation, we will gradually zoom in to smaller scales.
0:40: As we approach a single stoma, we are now on a millimeter scale.
0:48: As we enter the interior of the leaf, we see many individual palisade cells. These cells are where photosynthesis takes place; they are translucent to allow sunlight to enter.
1:00: As we approach a single palisade cell, we’ll zoom down to the micrometer scale. The shapes inside the cell are organelles: the bright globules at the bottom are the Golgi apparatus; the yellow spotted tubes are endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
1:09: That large, blue membrane surrounds the nucleus; the purple blobs are mitochondria.
1:18: The faint, yellow, spider-web structure of the cytoskeleton provides structure and support to the cell.
1:24: You are about to enter a chloroplast; inside you see flat, pancake-like membranous structures called thylakoids. This is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place to produce ATP, the cell’s energy carrier molecule. way
1:38: The time scale has changed: the molecules are shown moving 1 million times slower than in real life!
1:42: As we near an individual thylakoid, the animation scale continues to shrink down to the molecular level, where things are measured in nanometers.
1:52: The green and blue bush-like structures are photosystems: clusters of proteins that absorb light energy from the sun and help convert it into the chemical energy that’s stored in the bonds of the energy carrier molecule called ATP.
2:03: The yellow-green, rotating structure is an enzyme called ATP synthase. This molecular machine facilitates the flow of protons down their concentration gradient from one side of the thylakoid membrane to the other, using the energy released in the process to assemble ATP.
2:16: The pulses of light in the thylakoid membrane in which the photosystems are embedded represent energized electrons being passed from one photosystem to another, passing along the energy which will be stored in the bonds of ATP (the classic “bucket brigade”).
2:26: The small “wigglies” are ATP molecules. Living things store energy in the bonds of the ATP molecules and then use that energy to conduct all the processes of life.
This animation is a model, and has its strengths and limitations. In order to model something well, visual artists have to make decisions about what to represent and how best to do so. What’s present in this model, and what’s intentionally missing or altered? Find out by visiting https://www.calacademy.org/educators/travel-deep-inside-a-leaf
- - -
The California Academy of Sciences is a renowned scientific and educational institution dedicated to exploring, explaining, and sustaining life on Earth. Based in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, it's the only place in the world to house an aquarium, planetarium, rainforest, and natural history museum—plus cutting-edge research programs—all under one living roof.
Connect with us:
• Facebook: https://facebook.com/calacademy
• Twitter: https://twitter.com/calacademy
• Instagram: https://instagram.com/calacademy
• Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/heycalacademy
• Tumblr: https://heycalacademy.tumblr.com
#shorts #Valorant #TFT #counterstrike #esports
Leaf is just casually GOATED at Valorant, TFT and more?!
Hosted by: Sebastien Martin-Schultz
Written by: Elisabeth Marchini
Edited by: Sam Gore
Produced by: Bernard Malijan
#genprod
Music used under license from Associated Production Music LLC (”APM”).
Follow us on Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/thescoreesports
Follow us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/thescoreesports
Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/theScoreesports
Follow us on TikTok: http://www.tiktok.com/@thescoreesports
Follow us on Instagram: https://instagram.com/theScoreesports
Evil SPRUNKI TORNADO Destroys Baby's HOUSE!
SUBSCRIBE
None of these actions should be replicated in real life, these videos are purely for entertainment.
//!--- This movie is NOT for children. ---!//
Artist : LeaF https://soundcloud.com/leaf-7
Movie : Optie https://twitter.com/Optie_f
BMSイベント 「BOFU2017 - LEGENDA EST A MYTH -」 参加作品
チーム「孤高クローバー」
http://www.bmsoffighters.net/bofu2017/
http://manbow.nothing.sh/event/event.cgi?action=More_def&num=219&event=116
Ben&Ben - Leaves feat. Young K | Official Music Video
#YoungK #Day6 #BenAndBen
-
LEAVES
Written by Paolo Benjamin
Arranged by Ben&Ben
Produced by Ben&Ben, Jean-Paul Verona, and Johnoy Danao
Mixed by Miles Walker
Mastered by Miles Walker
Performed by Ben&Ben and Young K
Directed by Jorel Lising
Head of Production: Earl Guico
Production Manager: Jinky Adoyo
Director of Photography: Ian Guevara
Camera Operators: Pao Sancon, Ardan Arcega
Head Crew: Timothy Axibal
Editor: Jude Matanguihan
Colorist: Mikhail Von Asmuth
Hair and Make Up Artist for Ben&Ben: Bernadette Flores
Official Photographer for Ben&Ben: Karen De La Fuente
Camera and Equipment Rental: Cinedogs
BBMP Band Set-up Head: Ronald Ian Santiago
BBMP Crew: Baje Dizon, Jerald Sulit, Patrick Babina, Rayann Maninang
Driver: Edilberto Alipan
Special thanks to:
JYP Entertainment
최경신CHOI KYUNGSHIN
Ms. Socorro Guico
Ms. Digna Rosales
Ms. Roslyn Pineda
Ms. June Rufino
James Duran
Geneca Yambao
Kiel Mamauag
Karelle Bulan
Isobel Funk
Vincent Flores
Sony Music Philippines
Elesi Studios
Please turn on subtitles with the CC (Closed Captions) button to see the explanatory annotations designed for educators.
Transcript of closed captions:
0:05: We are approaching a redwood tree. To animate a scientifically accurate leaf, artists studied the texture of a redwood leaf specimen on a glass slide at high resolution. They even counted the stomata, and used that exact count for this film!
0:25: These leaves would be measured on a centimeter scale. Throughout the animation, we will gradually zoom in to smaller scales.
0:40: As we approach a single stoma, we are now on a millimeter scale.
0:48: As we enter the interior of the leaf, we see many individual palisade cells. These cells are where photosynthesis takes place; they are translucent to allow sunlight to enter.
1:00: As we approach a single palisade cell, we’ll zoom down to the micrometer scale. The shapes inside the cell are organelles: the bright globules at the bottom are the Golgi apparatus; the yellow spotted tubes are endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
1:09: That large, blue membrane surrounds the nucleus; the purple blobs are mitochondria.
1:18: The faint, yellow, spider-web structure of the cytoskeleton provides structure and support to the cell.
1:24: You are about to enter a chloroplast; inside you see flat, pancake-like membranous structures called thylakoids. This is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place to produce ATP, the cell’s energy carrier molecule. way
1:38: The time scale has changed: the molecules are shown moving 1 million times slower than in real life!
1:42: As we near an individual thylakoid, the animation scale continues to shrink down to the molecular level, where things are measured in nanometers.
1:52: The green and blue bush-like structures are photosystems: clusters of proteins that absorb light energy from the sun and help convert it into the chemical energy that’s stored in the bonds of the energy carrier molecule called ATP.
2:03: The yellow-green, rotating structure is an enzyme called ATP synthase. This molecular machine facilitates the flow of protons down their concentration gradient from one side of the thylakoid membrane to the other, using the energy released in the process to assemble ATP.
2:16: The pulses of light in the thylakoid membrane in which the photosystems are embedded represent energized electrons being passed from one photosystem to another, passing along the energy which will be stored in the bonds of ATP (the classic “bucket brigade”).
2:26: The small “wigglies” are ATP molecules. Living things store energy in the bonds of the ATP molecules and then use that energy to conduct all the processes of life.
This animation is a model, and has its strengths and limitations. In order to model something well, visual artists have to make decisions about what to represent and how best to do so. What’s present in this model, and what’s intentionally missing or altered? Find out by visiting https://www.calacademy.org/educators/travel-deep-inside-a-leaf
- - -
The California Academy of Sciences is a renowned scientific and educational institution dedicated to exploring, explaining, and sustaining life on Earth. Based in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, it's the only place in the world to house an aquarium, planetarium, rainforest, and natural history museum—plus cutting-edge research programs—all under one living roof.
Connect with us:
• Facebook: https://facebook.com/calacademy
• Twitter: https://twitter.com/calacademy
• Instagram: https://instagram.com/calacademy
• Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/heycalacademy
• Tumblr: https://heycalacademy.tumblr.com
i'm waiting, on these over sights. telling secrets about it all night ya, so skillfully. oh my darling, on this pale night. i'm waiting, so skillfully. all my last thoughts, frame these winter smiles. too brilliantly, oh but i doubt it. i'm afraid that, there's no reason, i waited. i'm waiting till the winter dies, skillfully. ah to bat an eye. made up faces, skillfully, ah but i doubt it, and then some ya.