William Congreve (24 January 1670 – 19 January 1729) was an English playwright and poet.
Early life
Congreve was born in Bardsey, West Yorkshire, England (near Leeds). His parents were William Congreve (1637–1708) and Mary (née Browning; 1636?–1715). The family moved to London in 1672. They relocated again in 1674 to the Irish port town of Youghal where his father served as a lieutenant in the British army. Congreve spent his childhood in Ireland, where his father, a Cavalier, had settled during the reign of Charles II. Congreve was educated at Kilkenny College where he met Jonathan Swift, who would be his friend for the remainder of his life; and at Trinity College in Dublin. Upon graduation, he matriculated in the Middle Temple in London to study law, but felt himself pulled toward literature, drama, and the fashionable life. Artistically, he became a disciple of John Dryden whom he met through the gatherings of literary circles held at Will's Coffeehouse in the Covent Garden District of London.
In 1803 he was a volunteer in the London and Westminster Light Horse, and was a London businessman who published a polemical newspaper, the Royal Standard and Political Register, which was Tory, pro-government and anti-Cobbett. Following a damaging libel action against it in 1804, Congreve withdrew from publishing and applied himself to inventing. Many years previously, several unsuccessful experiments had been made at the Royal Laboratory in Woolwich by Lieut General Thomas Desaguliers. In 1804, at his own expense, began experimenting with rockets at Woolwich.
Lieutenant GeneralSir William Congreve, 1st Baronet (4 July 1742 – 30 April 1814) was a British military officer who improved artillery strength through gunpowder experiments.
Personal life
William Congreve was born in Stafford on 4 July 1742. He and his first wife, Rebecca Elmston, had four children together, two sons and two daughters. His eldest son, William Congreve, invented the Congreve Rocket. His second wife, Julia-Elizabeth, died aged 78 in 1831.
Congreve was made a Baronet on 7 December 1812. He died on 30 April1814. He was succeeded in his posts by his son.
Military career
By 1778 Congreve had obtained the rank of Captain and was appointed Superintendent of Military Machines. He worked out of Woolwich where he had the resources to train artillerymen. Sir William advocated government-run gunpowder mills, arguing that the privately owned concerns "have had such a prodigious profit allowed them" and yet the merchants left the job in the hands of "artful but ignorant Foremen, who probably made a very considerable profit by their Masters' inattention". As during the Seven Years' War England had become increasingly concerned about the low standard of their gunpowder, the government was convinced to purchase an additional set of powder mills instead of farming out production to powder merchants. The Faversham Mill was purchased in 1759, followed by Waltham Abbey in 1787 and Ballincollig in 1804.
the Rolling Ball Clock has been working for the past 202 years. made by Sir William Congreve in 1820
published: 04 Sep 2022
Rolling Ball Clock - Sir William Congreve design at the British Musem
Rolling ball clock designed by Sir William Congreve.
published: 10 Feb 2019
Congreve clock
Congreve clocks are fascinating to watch, the steel ball endlessly traversing from one end of the table to the other has a mesmeric effect on those watching. The clock was patented by Sir William Congreve in 1808, however the performance did not come up to expectations due to the friction between the track and the ball and it’s accuracy is rather random. These clocks have always been popular with the mechanically minded, like that of a skeleton clock the movement is fully exposed and the rolling ball can be seen in action all the time.
My design follows the principle of that of the original Congreve clock but the drive incorporates a Remontoir mechanism using a small electric motor to keep the clock wound up. It has been made from Perspex and turned brass parts. It looks stunning and k...
published: 06 Apr 2022
Replica Napoleonic era War of 1812 British Congreve Rockets (Rockets Red Glare)
A pair of replica models of the British Congreve rockets that were used by the British, invented by William Congreve, modeled on the Mysorean rockets used by the Tipu Sultan against the British in India. These were used against the French & against American forces, and when launched by the HMS Erebus during the Battle of Baltimore at Fort McHenry, inspired part of the Star Spangled Banner. I made these from simple cardboard tubes & plastic nose cones, the real Congreve rockets were made from rolled metal and packed with blackpowder as the engine and were launched against combustible targets from both ships and land by the hundreds. Their accuracy was questionable, but in volleys their effect could be devastating if not in damage, but psychologically. I launched these at a local gun range t...
published: 17 May 2020
Rolling Ball Congreve Clock
2-day brass and steel time only movement. Fusee driven. Inclined brass plane underneath the movement has track for steel ball. As plane tips, escape wheel is released. Made by John Evans after the design of its inventor, Sir William Congreve.
Three dials. Hours represented on left most dial, and seconds on the right. Central dial indicates minutes and is printed, "Sir William Congrieve [sic]. Inventor." Engraved on signature plate, "89 Mount St, J. Evans, Grosvenor Sq. W."
Brass movement is mounted on square wood base with velvet-upholstered top. Glass cover over movement.
published: 14 May 2008
Wooden Congreve Clock
In the design of this clock, I set out to respect, as much as possible, the shape of the original, devised in 1808 by Sir William Congreve that includes 3 dials: left for hours, center for minutes and right for seconds.
However, with the evolution of technology, I decided to replace the old system, with motion spring, by a more up-to-date electric movement.
A small motor connected to a mobile phone charger, 5 volts, moves the bottom plate every 15 seconds, when the small steel ball connects an electrical contact at the end of each trip.
A simple mechanical system serves to fine tune the bottom plate angle and, so, adjust the ball speed, to achieve the clock accuracy.
The major difficulty in this project was to build timber sprockets, some with many teeth, and small enough to get a clock me...
published: 27 May 2015
Cool Rolling Ball Clock in The British Museum
This plate flips about every 30 seconds. The clock is based on a design by Sir William Congreve.
Congreve clocks are fascinating to watch, the steel ball endlessly traversing from one end of the table to the other has a mesmeric effect on those watching. T...
Congreve clocks are fascinating to watch, the steel ball endlessly traversing from one end of the table to the other has a mesmeric effect on those watching. The clock was patented by Sir William Congreve in 1808, however the performance did not come up to expectations due to the friction between the track and the ball and it’s accuracy is rather random. These clocks have always been popular with the mechanically minded, like that of a skeleton clock the movement is fully exposed and the rolling ball can be seen in action all the time.
My design follows the principle of that of the original Congreve clock but the drive incorporates a Remontoir mechanism using a small electric motor to keep the clock wound up. It has been made from Perspex and turned brass parts. It looks stunning and keeps reasonable time. It has taken me over six months to design and make the final version of this clock, the drawings should not require any further alteration and can be purchased.
Congreve clocks are fascinating to watch, the steel ball endlessly traversing from one end of the table to the other has a mesmeric effect on those watching. The clock was patented by Sir William Congreve in 1808, however the performance did not come up to expectations due to the friction between the track and the ball and it’s accuracy is rather random. These clocks have always been popular with the mechanically minded, like that of a skeleton clock the movement is fully exposed and the rolling ball can be seen in action all the time.
My design follows the principle of that of the original Congreve clock but the drive incorporates a Remontoir mechanism using a small electric motor to keep the clock wound up. It has been made from Perspex and turned brass parts. It looks stunning and keeps reasonable time. It has taken me over six months to design and make the final version of this clock, the drawings should not require any further alteration and can be purchased.
A pair of replica models of the British Congreve rockets that were used by the British, invented by William Congreve, modeled on the Mysorean rockets used by th...
A pair of replica models of the British Congreve rockets that were used by the British, invented by William Congreve, modeled on the Mysorean rockets used by the Tipu Sultan against the British in India. These were used against the French & against American forces, and when launched by the HMS Erebus during the Battle of Baltimore at Fort McHenry, inspired part of the Star Spangled Banner. I made these from simple cardboard tubes & plastic nose cones, the real Congreve rockets were made from rolled metal and packed with blackpowder as the engine and were launched against combustible targets from both ships and land by the hundreds. Their accuracy was questionable, but in volleys their effect could be devastating if not in damage, but psychologically. I launched these at a local gun range the day after heavy rains and had a fire extinguisher on hand just in case.
A pair of replica models of the British Congreve rockets that were used by the British, invented by William Congreve, modeled on the Mysorean rockets used by the Tipu Sultan against the British in India. These were used against the French & against American forces, and when launched by the HMS Erebus during the Battle of Baltimore at Fort McHenry, inspired part of the Star Spangled Banner. I made these from simple cardboard tubes & plastic nose cones, the real Congreve rockets were made from rolled metal and packed with blackpowder as the engine and were launched against combustible targets from both ships and land by the hundreds. Their accuracy was questionable, but in volleys their effect could be devastating if not in damage, but psychologically. I launched these at a local gun range the day after heavy rains and had a fire extinguisher on hand just in case.
2-day brass and steel time only movement. Fusee driven. Inclined brass plane underneath the movement has track for steel ball. As plane tips, escape wheel is...
2-day brass and steel time only movement. Fusee driven. Inclined brass plane underneath the movement has track for steel ball. As plane tips, escape wheel is released. Made by John Evans after the design of its inventor, Sir William Congreve.
Three dials. Hours represented on left most dial, and seconds on the right. Central dial indicates minutes and is printed, "Sir William Congrieve [sic]. Inventor." Engraved on signature plate, "89 Mount St, J. Evans, Grosvenor Sq. W."
Brass movement is mounted on square wood base with velvet-upholstered top. Glass cover over movement.
2-day brass and steel time only movement. Fusee driven. Inclined brass plane underneath the movement has track for steel ball. As plane tips, escape wheel is released. Made by John Evans after the design of its inventor, Sir William Congreve.
Three dials. Hours represented on left most dial, and seconds on the right. Central dial indicates minutes and is printed, "Sir William Congrieve [sic]. Inventor." Engraved on signature plate, "89 Mount St, J. Evans, Grosvenor Sq. W."
Brass movement is mounted on square wood base with velvet-upholstered top. Glass cover over movement.
In the design of this clock, I set out to respect, as much as possible, the shape of the original, devised in 1808 by Sir William Congreve that includes 3 dials...
In the design of this clock, I set out to respect, as much as possible, the shape of the original, devised in 1808 by Sir William Congreve that includes 3 dials: left for hours, center for minutes and right for seconds.
However, with the evolution of technology, I decided to replace the old system, with motion spring, by a more up-to-date electric movement.
A small motor connected to a mobile phone charger, 5 volts, moves the bottom plate every 15 seconds, when the small steel ball connects an electrical contact at the end of each trip.
A simple mechanical system serves to fine tune the bottom plate angle and, so, adjust the ball speed, to achieve the clock accuracy.
The major difficulty in this project was to build timber sprockets, some with many teeth, and small enough to get a clock measuring 305x209x238 mm.
In the design of this clock, I set out to respect, as much as possible, the shape of the original, devised in 1808 by Sir William Congreve that includes 3 dials: left for hours, center for minutes and right for seconds.
However, with the evolution of technology, I decided to replace the old system, with motion spring, by a more up-to-date electric movement.
A small motor connected to a mobile phone charger, 5 volts, moves the bottom plate every 15 seconds, when the small steel ball connects an electrical contact at the end of each trip.
A simple mechanical system serves to fine tune the bottom plate angle and, so, adjust the ball speed, to achieve the clock accuracy.
The major difficulty in this project was to build timber sprockets, some with many teeth, and small enough to get a clock measuring 305x209x238 mm.
Congreve clocks are fascinating to watch, the steel ball endlessly traversing from one end of the table to the other has a mesmeric effect on those watching. The clock was patented by Sir William Congreve in 1808, however the performance did not come up to expectations due to the friction between the track and the ball and it’s accuracy is rather random. These clocks have always been popular with the mechanically minded, like that of a skeleton clock the movement is fully exposed and the rolling ball can be seen in action all the time.
My design follows the principle of that of the original Congreve clock but the drive incorporates a Remontoir mechanism using a small electric motor to keep the clock wound up. It has been made from Perspex and turned brass parts. It looks stunning and keeps reasonable time. It has taken me over six months to design and make the final version of this clock, the drawings should not require any further alteration and can be purchased.
A pair of replica models of the British Congreve rockets that were used by the British, invented by William Congreve, modeled on the Mysorean rockets used by the Tipu Sultan against the British in India. These were used against the French & against American forces, and when launched by the HMS Erebus during the Battle of Baltimore at Fort McHenry, inspired part of the Star Spangled Banner. I made these from simple cardboard tubes & plastic nose cones, the real Congreve rockets were made from rolled metal and packed with blackpowder as the engine and were launched against combustible targets from both ships and land by the hundreds. Their accuracy was questionable, but in volleys their effect could be devastating if not in damage, but psychologically. I launched these at a local gun range the day after heavy rains and had a fire extinguisher on hand just in case.
2-day brass and steel time only movement. Fusee driven. Inclined brass plane underneath the movement has track for steel ball. As plane tips, escape wheel is released. Made by John Evans after the design of its inventor, Sir William Congreve.
Three dials. Hours represented on left most dial, and seconds on the right. Central dial indicates minutes and is printed, "Sir William Congrieve [sic]. Inventor." Engraved on signature plate, "89 Mount St, J. Evans, Grosvenor Sq. W."
Brass movement is mounted on square wood base with velvet-upholstered top. Glass cover over movement.
In the design of this clock, I set out to respect, as much as possible, the shape of the original, devised in 1808 by Sir William Congreve that includes 3 dials: left for hours, center for minutes and right for seconds.
However, with the evolution of technology, I decided to replace the old system, with motion spring, by a more up-to-date electric movement.
A small motor connected to a mobile phone charger, 5 volts, moves the bottom plate every 15 seconds, when the small steel ball connects an electrical contact at the end of each trip.
A simple mechanical system serves to fine tune the bottom plate angle and, so, adjust the ball speed, to achieve the clock accuracy.
The major difficulty in this project was to build timber sprockets, some with many teeth, and small enough to get a clock measuring 305x209x238 mm.
William Congreve (24 January 1670 – 19 January 1729) was an English playwright and poet.
Early life
Congreve was born in Bardsey, West Yorkshire, England (near Leeds). His parents were William Congreve (1637–1708) and Mary (née Browning; 1636?–1715). The family moved to London in 1672. They relocated again in 1674 to the Irish port town of Youghal where his father served as a lieutenant in the British army. Congreve spent his childhood in Ireland, where his father, a Cavalier, had settled during the reign of Charles II. Congreve was educated at Kilkenny College where he met Jonathan Swift, who would be his friend for the remainder of his life; and at Trinity College in Dublin. Upon graduation, he matriculated in the Middle Temple in London to study law, but felt himself pulled toward literature, drama, and the fashionable life. Artistically, he became a disciple of John Dryden whom he met through the gatherings of literary circles held at Will's Coffeehouse in the Covent Garden District of London.