Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet (5 February 1788–2 July 1850) was a British statesman and member of the Conservative Party, who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835 and 1841–1846) and twice served as Home Secretary (1822–1827 and 1828–1830). He is regarded as the father of the modern British police and as one of the founders of the modern Conservative Party.
Peel entered the Cabinet for the first time as Home Secretary (1822–1827), where he reformed and liberalised the criminal law and created the modern police force, leading to a new type of officer known in tribute to him as "bobbies" and "peelers". He cut tariffs to stimulate business; to replace the lost revenue he pushed through a 3% income tax. He played a central role in making Free Trade a reality and set up a modern banking system. After the resignation of Prime Minister The Earl of Liverpool, Peel resigned as Home Secretary but, after a brief period out of office, he returned as Home Secretary under his political mentor the Duke of Wellington (1828–1830), also serving as Leader of the House of Commons. Initially a supporter of legal discrimination against Catholics, Peel eventually supported the repeal of the Test Act (1828) and the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, claiming that "though emancipation was a great danger, civil strife was a greater danger".
Robert "Bobby" Peel (12 February 1857– 12 August 1941) was an English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket for Yorkshire between 1883 and 1897. Primarily a left-arm spin bowler, Peel was also an effective left-handed batsman who played in the middle order. Between 1884 and 1896, he was regularly selected to represent England, playing 20 Test matches in which he took 101 wickets. Over the course of his career, he scored 12,191 runs and took 1,775 wickets in first-class cricket. A match-winning bowler, particularly when conditions favoured his style, Peel generally opened the attack, an orthodox tactic for a spinner at the time, and was highly regarded by critics.
Peel began playing for Yorkshire in 1883 but, after a successful debut, was overshadowed in the team by Edmund Peate and often played only a minor role with the ball. Improvements in his batting and his excellence as a fielder kept him in the team and when Peate was sacked for drunkenness in 1887, Peel became Yorkshire's main spinner. He had already played for England, touring Australia with two professional teams, although he did not play a Test in England until 1888. Over the following years he regularly took over 100 wickets in each season and often played in the prestigious Gentlemen v Players matches. He was generally Yorkshire's leading bowler—until the emergence of George Hirst, he generally received little support from other members of the attack—and often among their leading batsmen. His best season in county cricket came in 1896, when he recorded the double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets, and made his highest first-class score of 210. Among his notable feats in Tests, he bowled England to victory after they had followed on in Australia in 1894–95 and took six for 23 in his final Test. The first English cricketer to reach 100 wickets against Australia, in 1894–95 he also became the first player who failed to score in four successive Test innings.
Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger launched Wikipedia on January 15, 2001. Sanger coined its name, a portmanteau of wiki and encyclopedia. Initially only in English, Wikipedia quickly became multilingual as it developed similar versions in other languages, which differ in content and in editing practices. The English Wikipedia is now one of 291 Wikipedia editions and is the largest with 5,081,662 articles (having reached 5,000,000 articles in November 2015). There is a grand total, including all Wikipedias, of over 38 million articles in over 250 different languages. As of February 2014, it had 18 billion page views and nearly 500 million unique visitors each month.
Peel's father Robert Peel and grandfather William Peele were yeoman farmers who were also engaged in the infant textile industry, then organised on the basis of the domestic system (most of the work being undertaken in the home).
Business career
Like many others, Peel joined partnerships to raise the capital required to set up spinning mills. These were water powered (usually using the water frame invented by Richard Arkwright), and thus located by rivers and streams in country districts. Thus Peel and Yates set up a mill and housing for their workers at Burrs near Bury. As elsewhere, the shortage of labour in the rural districts was mitigated by employing pauper children as 'apprentices', imported from any locality that wanted them off their hands. They were housed in a kind of hostel.
Robert Peel (May 6, 1909 – January 8, 1992) was a Christian Science historian and writer on religious and ecumenical topics. A Christian Scientist for over 70 years, Peel worked for the Church of Christ, Scientist's Committee on Publication, set up by Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910), the religion's founder, to protect her own and the church's reputation.
Peel is best known for his three-volume biography, Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Discovery (1966), The Years of Trial (1971), and The Years of Authority (1977).
Education
Peel was born in London and educated in Ottawa and Boston public schools. His family converted to Christian Science when he was ten years old. He received a bachelor's degree in 1931 from Harvard University and a master's in 1940. His undergraduate honors thesis, "The Creed of a Victorian Pagan," a study of English novelist and poet George Meredith, was published by the university.
Career
Peel served in World War II in the South Pacific, working as a civilian intelligence officer. After the war he taught at Principia College, a Christian Science college, served as an editorial consultant for the Christian Science church's Committee on Publication in Boston, and wrote editorials for the Christian Science Monitor, a newspaper owned by the church.
In this video, produced with and for The History of Parliament Trust, we explore Sir Robert Peel's history as proponent and opponent of reform in the first half of the nineteenth century.
published: 20 Dec 2019
Policing London - Scotland Yard at Last - Extra History - Part 5
📜 History of Policing London: Scotland Yard at Last - Even if you've never studied the history of the police force, chances are good you're familiar with the Scotland Yard as a heavy feature of Sherlock Holmes stories. But how did London take the final steps from the privately funded and highly specialized Bow Street Runners to a police force salaried by the government itself? We talk about the inspirations behind the Scotland Yard and how London walked the fine line between social order and civil liberties, guided by Robert Peel. (We're just as surprised as you are)
* Watch Extra History ad-free & get 1-week early access on *NEBULA* https://go.nebula.tv/extrahistory
* Suggest & Vote on our next episodes, get exclusive content & 24-hour early access on *PATREON* https://bit.ly/EHPatreon ...
published: 28 Dec 2019
Sir Robert Peel, "The Father of Modern Policing"
Welcome to our history channel, run by those with a real passion for history & that's kind of it.
---------------------
Ethan's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/Fizhy
Ethan's Twitter: https://twitter.com/EJWoodgates
Ethan's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fizhyee/
Connor's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/railpicturesuk/
----------------------
Credits:
Filmed by Connor Jones, Ethan Woodgates, Aidan Tonge
Scripted by Ethan Woodgates & Aidan Tonge
Narrated by Ethan Woodgates
Special thanks to Sam Gillian & Jack Cheshire Beeson
published: 23 Jul 2022
Sir Robert Peel
“No minister ever stood, or could stand, against public opinion” – Sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel was Born in Bury, Lancashire, on 5 February 1788, and was by no means born into a poor family as his father was one of the wealthiest businessmen in Britain at the time being a very successful textiles …
published: 20 Mar 2024
Sir Robert Peel
Sir Robert Peel founded the London Metropolitan Police on nine basic principles. One of them states that the police are the public and the public are the police. Which is another way to define Coactive Policing. Take a look at how this principle applies to law enforcement today...
For more character-based police training videos, go to www.PoliceDynamicsMedia.com
Sheriff Ray Nash
Police Dynamics Institute
published: 09 Aug 2010
Robert Peel's Opposition to the Great Reform Act 1832
On 3 March 1831 Robert Peel, the Conservative Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons, spoke against the government's proposed bill for the reform of Parliament and the extension of the vote - what would later become the Great Reform Act of 1832.
published: 27 Jul 2018
Bernard Hogan-Howe on Sir Robert Peel
Metropolitan Police Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe talks about former Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel.
In 1829, as Home Secretary, Peel created the Metropolitan Police, leading to the nickname "Peelers" for London's police officers.
Find out more about Sir Robert Peel on the history pages of the Number 10 website: http://www.number10.gov.uk/past-prime-ministers/sir-robert-peel-2nd-baronet/
published: 01 Oct 2012
Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel of the United Kingdom
Sir Robert Peel was a British statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice in the 19th century. He is best known for his role in founding the modern police force in Britain, which became known as "bobbies" or "Peelers" after him. Peel also introduced a series of reforms aimed at improving the criminal justice system. Despite controversy and opposition, he remains a highly regarded figure in British political history.
published: 04 Mar 2023
Victorian Prisons - Victorian crime. John Howard. Robert Peel - Crime and Punishment. GCSE History.
An exploration of the reasons why the Victorian era saw many new prisons built in Britain. The end of public executions and of transportation as the main form of punishment in Britain. The influence of Penny Dreadfuls, and the work of reformers such as John Howard, Robert Peel and Elizabeth Fry - Crime and Punishment. GCSE History.
published: 21 Mar 2019
Robert Peel
Senior police officers paid tribute to Sir Robert Peel, the politician credited with inventing Britain's police force. A church service in Tamworth commemorated the 225th anniversary of his birth
In this video, produced with and for The History of Parliament Trust, we explore Sir Robert Peel's history as proponent and opponent of reform in the first half...
In this video, produced with and for The History of Parliament Trust, we explore Sir Robert Peel's history as proponent and opponent of reform in the first half of the nineteenth century.
In this video, produced with and for The History of Parliament Trust, we explore Sir Robert Peel's history as proponent and opponent of reform in the first half of the nineteenth century.
📜 History of Policing London: Scotland Yard at Last - Even if you've never studied the history of the police force, chances are good you're familiar with the Sc...
📜 History of Policing London: Scotland Yard at Last - Even if you've never studied the history of the police force, chances are good you're familiar with the Scotland Yard as a heavy feature of Sherlock Holmes stories. But how did London take the final steps from the privately funded and highly specialized Bow Street Runners to a police force salaried by the government itself? We talk about the inspirations behind the Scotland Yard and how London walked the fine line between social order and civil liberties, guided by Robert Peel. (We're just as surprised as you are)
* Watch Extra History ad-free & get 1-week early access on *NEBULA* https://go.nebula.tv/extrahistory
* Suggest & Vote on our next episodes, get exclusive content & 24-hour early access on *PATREON* https://bit.ly/EHPatreon
* Show off your fandom with *MERCH* from our store! http://extracredits.store/
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*Miss an episode in our Policing London Series?*
Part 1 - https://youtu.be/XvMQY_y4qx8
Part 2 - https://youtu.be/h9siL4CWTe4
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/H5l75BSJZo8
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/3Y3H42_8LZU
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/qprhL2Jh2Ds
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - https://youtu.be/Z8zj6TQUi5U
♪ "Alleyways and Truncheons" by Tiffany Román - https://youtu.be/EO_16t_Fe5s
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice
Artist: Ali R Thome I Writer: Robert Rath I Showrunner & Narrator: Matthew Krol I Editor: Nick Rieth & Mac Owens I ♪ Music by Demetori: http://bit.ly/1EQA5N7 I
#ExtraHistory #London #History
📜 History of Policing London: Scotland Yard at Last - Even if you've never studied the history of the police force, chances are good you're familiar with the Scotland Yard as a heavy feature of Sherlock Holmes stories. But how did London take the final steps from the privately funded and highly specialized Bow Street Runners to a police force salaried by the government itself? We talk about the inspirations behind the Scotland Yard and how London walked the fine line between social order and civil liberties, guided by Robert Peel. (We're just as surprised as you are)
* Watch Extra History ad-free & get 1-week early access on *NEBULA* https://go.nebula.tv/extrahistory
* Suggest & Vote on our next episodes, get exclusive content & 24-hour early access on *PATREON* https://bit.ly/EHPatreon
* Show off your fandom with *MERCH* from our store! http://extracredits.store/
* Interested in sponsoring an episode?* Email us: [email protected]
TWITTER: http://bit.ly/ECTweet I FACEBOOK: http://bit.ly/ECFBPage
INSTAGRAM: http://bit.ly/ECisonInstagram I TIKTOK: https://bit.ly/ECtiktokz
BLUESKY: https://bit.ly/ECBlueSky I TWITCH: https://bit.ly/ECtwitch
GAMING: https://www.youtube.com/@extracredits
*Miss an episode in our Policing London Series?*
Part 1 - https://youtu.be/XvMQY_y4qx8
Part 2 - https://youtu.be/h9siL4CWTe4
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/H5l75BSJZo8
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/3Y3H42_8LZU
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/qprhL2Jh2Ds
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - https://youtu.be/Z8zj6TQUi5U
♪ "Alleyways and Truncheons" by Tiffany Román - https://youtu.be/EO_16t_Fe5s
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice
Artist: Ali R Thome I Writer: Robert Rath I Showrunner & Narrator: Matthew Krol I Editor: Nick Rieth & Mac Owens I ♪ Music by Demetori: http://bit.ly/1EQA5N7 I
#ExtraHistory #London #History
Welcome to our history channel, run by those with a real passion for history & that's kind of it.
---------------------
Ethan's YouTube channel: https://www.you...
Welcome to our history channel, run by those with a real passion for history & that's kind of it.
---------------------
Ethan's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/Fizhy
Ethan's Twitter: https://twitter.com/EJWoodgates
Ethan's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fizhyee/
Connor's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/railpicturesuk/
----------------------
Credits:
Filmed by Connor Jones, Ethan Woodgates, Aidan Tonge
Scripted by Ethan Woodgates & Aidan Tonge
Narrated by Ethan Woodgates
Special thanks to Sam Gillian & Jack Cheshire Beeson
Welcome to our history channel, run by those with a real passion for history & that's kind of it.
---------------------
Ethan's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/Fizhy
Ethan's Twitter: https://twitter.com/EJWoodgates
Ethan's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fizhyee/
Connor's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/railpicturesuk/
----------------------
Credits:
Filmed by Connor Jones, Ethan Woodgates, Aidan Tonge
Scripted by Ethan Woodgates & Aidan Tonge
Narrated by Ethan Woodgates
Special thanks to Sam Gillian & Jack Cheshire Beeson
“No minister ever stood, or could stand, against public opinion” – Sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel was Born in Bury, Lancashire, on 5 February 1788, and was by...
“No minister ever stood, or could stand, against public opinion” – Sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel was Born in Bury, Lancashire, on 5 February 1788, and was by no means born into a poor family as his father was one of the wealthiest businessmen in Britain at the time being a very successful textiles …
“No minister ever stood, or could stand, against public opinion” – Sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel was Born in Bury, Lancashire, on 5 February 1788, and was by no means born into a poor family as his father was one of the wealthiest businessmen in Britain at the time being a very successful textiles …
Sir Robert Peel founded the London Metropolitan Police on nine basic principles. One of them states that the police are the public and the public are the police...
Sir Robert Peel founded the London Metropolitan Police on nine basic principles. One of them states that the police are the public and the public are the police. Which is another way to define Coactive Policing. Take a look at how this principle applies to law enforcement today...
For more character-based police training videos, go to www.PoliceDynamicsMedia.com
Sheriff Ray Nash
Police Dynamics Institute
Sir Robert Peel founded the London Metropolitan Police on nine basic principles. One of them states that the police are the public and the public are the police. Which is another way to define Coactive Policing. Take a look at how this principle applies to law enforcement today...
For more character-based police training videos, go to www.PoliceDynamicsMedia.com
Sheriff Ray Nash
Police Dynamics Institute
On 3 March 1831 Robert Peel, the Conservative Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons, spoke against the government's proposed bill for the reform of P...
On 3 March 1831 Robert Peel, the Conservative Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons, spoke against the government's proposed bill for the reform of Parliament and the extension of the vote - what would later become the Great Reform Act of 1832.
On 3 March 1831 Robert Peel, the Conservative Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons, spoke against the government's proposed bill for the reform of Parliament and the extension of the vote - what would later become the Great Reform Act of 1832.
Metropolitan Police Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe talks about former Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel.
In 1829, as Home Secretary, Peel created the Metropolit...
Metropolitan Police Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe talks about former Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel.
In 1829, as Home Secretary, Peel created the Metropolitan Police, leading to the nickname "Peelers" for London's police officers.
Find out more about Sir Robert Peel on the history pages of the Number 10 website: http://www.number10.gov.uk/past-prime-ministers/sir-robert-peel-2nd-baronet/
Metropolitan Police Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe talks about former Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel.
In 1829, as Home Secretary, Peel created the Metropolitan Police, leading to the nickname "Peelers" for London's police officers.
Find out more about Sir Robert Peel on the history pages of the Number 10 website: http://www.number10.gov.uk/past-prime-ministers/sir-robert-peel-2nd-baronet/
Sir Robert Peel was a British statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice in the 19th century. He is best known for his ro...
Sir Robert Peel was a British statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice in the 19th century. He is best known for his role in founding the modern police force in Britain, which became known as "bobbies" or "Peelers" after him. Peel also introduced a series of reforms aimed at improving the criminal justice system. Despite controversy and opposition, he remains a highly regarded figure in British political history.
Sir Robert Peel was a British statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice in the 19th century. He is best known for his role in founding the modern police force in Britain, which became known as "bobbies" or "Peelers" after him. Peel also introduced a series of reforms aimed at improving the criminal justice system. Despite controversy and opposition, he remains a highly regarded figure in British political history.
An exploration of the reasons why the Victorian era saw many new prisons built in Britain. The end of public executions and of transportation as the main form o...
An exploration of the reasons why the Victorian era saw many new prisons built in Britain. The end of public executions and of transportation as the main form of punishment in Britain. The influence of Penny Dreadfuls, and the work of reformers such as John Howard, Robert Peel and Elizabeth Fry - Crime and Punishment. GCSE History.
An exploration of the reasons why the Victorian era saw many new prisons built in Britain. The end of public executions and of transportation as the main form of punishment in Britain. The influence of Penny Dreadfuls, and the work of reformers such as John Howard, Robert Peel and Elizabeth Fry - Crime and Punishment. GCSE History.
Senior police officers paid tribute to Sir Robert Peel, the politician credited with inventing Britain's police force. A church service in Tamworth commemorated...
Senior police officers paid tribute to Sir Robert Peel, the politician credited with inventing Britain's police force. A church service in Tamworth commemorated the 225th anniversary of his birth
Senior police officers paid tribute to Sir Robert Peel, the politician credited with inventing Britain's police force. A church service in Tamworth commemorated the 225th anniversary of his birth
In this video, produced with and for The History of Parliament Trust, we explore Sir Robert Peel's history as proponent and opponent of reform in the first half of the nineteenth century.
📜 History of Policing London: Scotland Yard at Last - Even if you've never studied the history of the police force, chances are good you're familiar with the Scotland Yard as a heavy feature of Sherlock Holmes stories. But how did London take the final steps from the privately funded and highly specialized Bow Street Runners to a police force salaried by the government itself? We talk about the inspirations behind the Scotland Yard and how London walked the fine line between social order and civil liberties, guided by Robert Peel. (We're just as surprised as you are)
* Watch Extra History ad-free & get 1-week early access on *NEBULA* https://go.nebula.tv/extrahistory
* Suggest & Vote on our next episodes, get exclusive content & 24-hour early access on *PATREON* https://bit.ly/EHPatreon
* Show off your fandom with *MERCH* from our store! http://extracredits.store/
* Interested in sponsoring an episode?* Email us: [email protected]
TWITTER: http://bit.ly/ECTweet I FACEBOOK: http://bit.ly/ECFBPage
INSTAGRAM: http://bit.ly/ECisonInstagram I TIKTOK: https://bit.ly/ECtiktokz
BLUESKY: https://bit.ly/ECBlueSky I TWITCH: https://bit.ly/ECtwitch
GAMING: https://www.youtube.com/@extracredits
*Miss an episode in our Policing London Series?*
Part 1 - https://youtu.be/XvMQY_y4qx8
Part 2 - https://youtu.be/h9siL4CWTe4
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/H5l75BSJZo8
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/3Y3H42_8LZU
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/qprhL2Jh2Ds
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - https://youtu.be/Z8zj6TQUi5U
♪ "Alleyways and Truncheons" by Tiffany Román - https://youtu.be/EO_16t_Fe5s
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice
Artist: Ali R Thome I Writer: Robert Rath I Showrunner & Narrator: Matthew Krol I Editor: Nick Rieth & Mac Owens I ♪ Music by Demetori: http://bit.ly/1EQA5N7 I
#ExtraHistory #London #History
Welcome to our history channel, run by those with a real passion for history & that's kind of it.
---------------------
Ethan's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/Fizhy
Ethan's Twitter: https://twitter.com/EJWoodgates
Ethan's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fizhyee/
Connor's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/railpicturesuk/
----------------------
Credits:
Filmed by Connor Jones, Ethan Woodgates, Aidan Tonge
Scripted by Ethan Woodgates & Aidan Tonge
Narrated by Ethan Woodgates
Special thanks to Sam Gillian & Jack Cheshire Beeson
“No minister ever stood, or could stand, against public opinion” – Sir Robert Peel. Sir Robert Peel was Born in Bury, Lancashire, on 5 February 1788, and was by no means born into a poor family as his father was one of the wealthiest businessmen in Britain at the time being a very successful textiles …
Sir Robert Peel founded the London Metropolitan Police on nine basic principles. One of them states that the police are the public and the public are the police. Which is another way to define Coactive Policing. Take a look at how this principle applies to law enforcement today...
For more character-based police training videos, go to www.PoliceDynamicsMedia.com
Sheriff Ray Nash
Police Dynamics Institute
On 3 March 1831 Robert Peel, the Conservative Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons, spoke against the government's proposed bill for the reform of Parliament and the extension of the vote - what would later become the Great Reform Act of 1832.
Metropolitan Police Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe talks about former Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel.
In 1829, as Home Secretary, Peel created the Metropolitan Police, leading to the nickname "Peelers" for London's police officers.
Find out more about Sir Robert Peel on the history pages of the Number 10 website: http://www.number10.gov.uk/past-prime-ministers/sir-robert-peel-2nd-baronet/
Sir Robert Peel was a British statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice in the 19th century. He is best known for his role in founding the modern police force in Britain, which became known as "bobbies" or "Peelers" after him. Peel also introduced a series of reforms aimed at improving the criminal justice system. Despite controversy and opposition, he remains a highly regarded figure in British political history.
An exploration of the reasons why the Victorian era saw many new prisons built in Britain. The end of public executions and of transportation as the main form of punishment in Britain. The influence of Penny Dreadfuls, and the work of reformers such as John Howard, Robert Peel and Elizabeth Fry - Crime and Punishment. GCSE History.
Senior police officers paid tribute to Sir Robert Peel, the politician credited with inventing Britain's police force. A church service in Tamworth commemorated the 225th anniversary of his birth
Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet (5 February 1788–2 July 1850) was a British statesman and member of the Conservative Party, who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835 and 1841–1846) and twice served as Home Secretary (1822–1827 and 1828–1830). He is regarded as the father of the modern British police and as one of the founders of the modern Conservative Party.
Peel entered the Cabinet for the first time as Home Secretary (1822–1827), where he reformed and liberalised the criminal law and created the modern police force, leading to a new type of officer known in tribute to him as "bobbies" and "peelers". He cut tariffs to stimulate business; to replace the lost revenue he pushed through a 3% income tax. He played a central role in making Free Trade a reality and set up a modern banking system. After the resignation of Prime Minister The Earl of Liverpool, Peel resigned as Home Secretary but, after a brief period out of office, he returned as Home Secretary under his political mentor the Duke of Wellington (1828–1830), also serving as Leader of the House of Commons. Initially a supporter of legal discrimination against Catholics, Peel eventually supported the repeal of the Test Act (1828) and the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, claiming that "though emancipation was a great danger, civil strife was a greater danger".