-
Types of Sensory Receptors
In this video, Dr Mike outlines the different types of sensory receptors and how best to classify them.
published: 21 Apr 2020
-
Sensory Receptors
Learn about 4 types of sensory receptors, their location, and function in this video!
published: 22 Sep 2018
-
Types of Sensory Receptors
Please read and agree to the disclaimer before watching this video.
. A receptor is an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimuli and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.
The receptors are transducers. They convert any form of energy into electrical form. The output of all receptors is electrical energy.
In this video, Dr. Mobeen Syed explains the types of sensory receptors. These include mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, electromagnetic receptors, and chemo-receptors.
A mechanoreceptor is a sense organ or cell that responds to mechanical stimuli such as touch, pressure, and sound.
Mechanoreceptors are responsible for the transduction of touch-related stimuli.
A thermoreceptor is a non-specialized sense receptor, or more accurately, the receptive...
published: 26 Feb 2020
-
Sensory nerve receptors in the skin
published: 19 Jan 2016
-
The Peripheral Nervous System: Nerves and Sensory Organs
We've learned about one main division of the nervous system, the central nervous system, so let's learn about the other. That's the peripheral nervous system. This is the part that receives information from your surroundings and brings it to the brain, and when the brain decides what to do, it sends signals around your body to tell it what to do. This is just as complicated as it sounds, so let's check out all the sensory organs that are involved in making this happens, as well as the nerves that transmit the information!
Watch the whole Anatomy & Physiology playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveAnatPhys
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
Biology/Genetics Tut...
published: 07 Mar 2019
-
Sensory Receptors Physiology | Basic Introduction to CNS and PNS
Homeostasis and Proteins Physiology and Mechanisms of Action Pathways - 🩺 Learn more about Physiology on sqadia.com
▶️ https://www.sqadia.com/catalog
---- 🧾 Description
In this video, we'll talk about the physiology of the senses, various skin receptor types, sensory receptors in the ear, and human sensory receptors.
The sensory receptors of the peripheral nervous system are specialized to respond to stimuli. Sensory system consists of following types of receptors: Mechanoreceptors, Thermoreceptors, Pain receptors, Chemoreceptors and Photoreceptors.
You will easy memorize them using a mnemonic. For this you have to watch this physiology video.
---- 🕘 Timestamps
00:00 - Sensory Receptors Physiology
00:35 - Nervous System Overview
02:59 - Sensory Receptors
04:13 - Link to video ...
published: 06 Dec 2022
-
Sensory processing and the brain | Cells and organisms | Middle school biology | Khan Academy
Keep going! Check out the next lesson and practice what you’re learning:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ms-biology/x0c5bb03129646fd6:cells-and-organisms/x0c5bb03129646fd6:sensory-processing-and-the-brain/a/sensory-processing-and-the-brain
Each sense receptor responds to different inputs (electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical), transmitting them as signals that travel along nerve cells to the brain. The signals are then processed in the brain, resulting in immediate behaviors or memories.
Khan Academy is a nonprofit organization with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We offer quizzes, questions, instructional videos, and articles on a range of academic subjects, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, history, economics, finance, gramma...
published: 14 Mar 2022
-
2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch Receptors
Touch receptors in the skin provide us with tactile information about qualities like the position, shape, texture, pressure, and movement of things we come in contact with. In this video, I discuss the four main types of touch receptors found in hairless skin.
TRANSCRIPT:
Touch receptors in the skin provide us with tactile information about qualities like the position, shape, texture, pressure, and movement of things we come in contact with. They are often classified as either rapidly-adapting or slowly-adapting. Rapidly-adapting receptors are activated when a stimulus is first encountered, but fall silent if the stimulus remains present. They are important for detecting things like movement. Slowly-adapting receptors keep responding to a continuously present stimulus and are important f...
published: 21 Oct 2019
-
New! Intro to Nervous Tissue
PDF Link for Notes: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ckubHlMJW8zHtvPezXP-SIe2Xuz5Xf5M/view?usp=sharing
published: 26 Oct 2024
-
Physiology of Touch: Receptors and Pathways, Animation
Tactile receptors: Rapidly-adapting (Miessner and Pacinian Corpuscles ) and slowly-adapting (Mekel disks and Ruffini); two-point discrimination test; touch sensory pathways. Part of the sensation and perception series - special sense organs and general senses.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
Check out our new Alila Academy - AlilaAcademy(dot)com - complete video courses with quizzes, PDFs, and downloadable images.
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Voice by : Marty Henne
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you ma...
published: 21 Feb 2022
8:28
Types of Sensory Receptors
In this video, Dr Mike outlines the different types of sensory receptors and how best to classify them.
In this video, Dr Mike outlines the different types of sensory receptors and how best to classify them.
https://wn.com/Types_Of_Sensory_Receptors
In this video, Dr Mike outlines the different types of sensory receptors and how best to classify them.
- published: 21 Apr 2020
- views: 181852
3:37
Sensory Receptors
Learn about 4 types of sensory receptors, their location, and function in this video!
Learn about 4 types of sensory receptors, their location, and function in this video!
https://wn.com/Sensory_Receptors
Learn about 4 types of sensory receptors, their location, and function in this video!
- published: 22 Sep 2018
- views: 159153
7:28
Types of Sensory Receptors
Please read and agree to the disclaimer before watching this video.
. A receptor is an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimuli a...
Please read and agree to the disclaimer before watching this video.
. A receptor is an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimuli and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.
The receptors are transducers. They convert any form of energy into electrical form. The output of all receptors is electrical energy.
In this video, Dr. Mobeen Syed explains the types of sensory receptors. These include mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, electromagnetic receptors, and chemo-receptors.
A mechanoreceptor is a sense organ or cell that responds to mechanical stimuli such as touch, pressure, and sound.
Mechanoreceptors are responsible for the transduction of touch-related stimuli.
A thermoreceptor is a non-specialized sense receptor, or more accurately, the receptive portion of a sensory neuron, that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature, primarily within the innocuous range.
Chemoreceptor is a sensory cell or organ responsive to chemical stimuli. They detect carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH levels in the blood.
Electromagnetic receptors respond to light energy, for example, rods and cones.
Nociceptors are sensory receptors for painful stimuli.
They are free nerve endings located all over the body, including the skin, muscles, joints, bones, and internal organs.
The purpose of a nociceptor is to respond to body damage by transmitting signals to the spinal cord and brain.
The following topics have discussed in the video:
* Definition of receptors
* Receptors as transducers
* Types of sensory receptors ...
Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional. ...
Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.
https://wn.com/Types_Of_Sensory_Receptors
Please read and agree to the disclaimer before watching this video.
. A receptor is an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimuli and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.
The receptors are transducers. They convert any form of energy into electrical form. The output of all receptors is electrical energy.
In this video, Dr. Mobeen Syed explains the types of sensory receptors. These include mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, electromagnetic receptors, and chemo-receptors.
A mechanoreceptor is a sense organ or cell that responds to mechanical stimuli such as touch, pressure, and sound.
Mechanoreceptors are responsible for the transduction of touch-related stimuli.
A thermoreceptor is a non-specialized sense receptor, or more accurately, the receptive portion of a sensory neuron, that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature, primarily within the innocuous range.
Chemoreceptor is a sensory cell or organ responsive to chemical stimuli. They detect carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH levels in the blood.
Electromagnetic receptors respond to light energy, for example, rods and cones.
Nociceptors are sensory receptors for painful stimuli.
They are free nerve endings located all over the body, including the skin, muscles, joints, bones, and internal organs.
The purpose of a nociceptor is to respond to body damage by transmitting signals to the spinal cord and brain.
The following topics have discussed in the video:
* Definition of receptors
* Receptors as transducers
* Types of sensory receptors ...
Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional. ...
Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.
- published: 26 Feb 2020
- views: 26898
13:06
The Peripheral Nervous System: Nerves and Sensory Organs
We've learned about one main division of the nervous system, the central nervous system, so let's learn about the other. That's the peripheral nervous system. T...
We've learned about one main division of the nervous system, the central nervous system, so let's learn about the other. That's the peripheral nervous system. This is the part that receives information from your surroundings and brings it to the brain, and when the brain decides what to do, it sends signals around your body to tell it what to do. This is just as complicated as it sounds, so let's check out all the sensory organs that are involved in making this happens, as well as the nerves that transmit the information!
Watch the whole Anatomy & Physiology playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveAnatPhys
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
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https://wn.com/The_Peripheral_Nervous_System_Nerves_And_Sensory_Organs
We've learned about one main division of the nervous system, the central nervous system, so let's learn about the other. That's the peripheral nervous system. This is the part that receives information from your surroundings and brings it to the brain, and when the brain decides what to do, it sends signals around your body to tell it what to do. This is just as complicated as it sounds, so let's check out all the sensory organs that are involved in making this happens, as well as the nerves that transmit the information!
Watch the whole Anatomy & Physiology playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveAnatPhys
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
Biology/Genetics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
Biopsychology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiopsych
Microbiology/Infectious Diseases Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMicrobio
Pharmacology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePharma
History of Drugs Videos: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveHistoryDrugs
Immunology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveImmuno
EMAIL►
[email protected]
PATREON► http://patreon.com/ProfessorDaveExplains
Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2HtNpVH
Bookshop: https://bit.ly/39cKADM
Barnes and Noble: https://bit.ly/3pUjmrn
Book Depository: http://bit.ly/3aOVDlT
- published: 07 Mar 2019
- views: 307345
4:28
Sensory Receptors Physiology | Basic Introduction to CNS and PNS
Homeostasis and Proteins Physiology and Mechanisms of Action Pathways - 🩺 Learn more about Physiology on sqadia.com
▶️ https://www.sqadia.com/catalog
---- 🧾 D...
Homeostasis and Proteins Physiology and Mechanisms of Action Pathways - 🩺 Learn more about Physiology on sqadia.com
▶️ https://www.sqadia.com/catalog
---- 🧾 Description
In this video, we'll talk about the physiology of the senses, various skin receptor types, sensory receptors in the ear, and human sensory receptors.
The sensory receptors of the peripheral nervous system are specialized to respond to stimuli. Sensory system consists of following types of receptors: Mechanoreceptors, Thermoreceptors, Pain receptors, Chemoreceptors and Photoreceptors.
You will easy memorize them using a mnemonic. For this you have to watch this physiology video.
---- 🕘 Timestamps
00:00 - Sensory Receptors Physiology
00:35 - Nervous System Overview
02:59 - Sensory Receptors
04:13 - Link to video lectures on sqadia.com
---- 🎬 1800+ Medical Video Lectures
Download sqadia.com Medical Students Apps today and start your Medical Physiology Education - V-Learning™ is here!
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---- 🩺 About sqadia.com
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Watch physiology videos and prep for victory. Study Hard, Dream Big.
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#physiology #physiologylectures #medicalphysiology #physiologyvideos
#medicalstudent #medicaleducation #medicallectures #medicalstudy #medicalstudents #medicalanimation
https://wn.com/Sensory_Receptors_Physiology_|_Basic_Introduction_To_Cns_And_Pns
Homeostasis and Proteins Physiology and Mechanisms of Action Pathways - 🩺 Learn more about Physiology on sqadia.com
▶️ https://www.sqadia.com/catalog
---- 🧾 Description
In this video, we'll talk about the physiology of the senses, various skin receptor types, sensory receptors in the ear, and human sensory receptors.
The sensory receptors of the peripheral nervous system are specialized to respond to stimuli. Sensory system consists of following types of receptors: Mechanoreceptors, Thermoreceptors, Pain receptors, Chemoreceptors and Photoreceptors.
You will easy memorize them using a mnemonic. For this you have to watch this physiology video.
---- 🕘 Timestamps
00:00 - Sensory Receptors Physiology
00:35 - Nervous System Overview
02:59 - Sensory Receptors
04:13 - Link to video lectures on sqadia.com
---- 🎬 1800+ Medical Video Lectures
Download sqadia.com Medical Students Apps today and start your Medical Physiology Education - V-Learning™ is here!
📲 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tv.uscreen.sqadiacom
📲 https://apps.apple.com/us/app/id1501049775
---- 🩺 About sqadia.com
Medical Students Online education 24/7/365. Get access to 36+ course lectures, making medical learning easy.
Watch physiology videos and prep for victory. Study Hard, Dream Big.
FREE Medical Online Videos - Sign Up Today!
🆓 https://www.sqadia.com/categories/free
---- 👥 Social Media
🔔 Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/sqadiacom
🎞 Vimeo - https://vimeo.com/sqadiacom
🔔 Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/sqadiacom
📸 Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/sqadiacom
#physiology #physiologylectures #medicalphysiology #physiologyvideos
#medicalstudent #medicaleducation #medicallectures #medicalstudy #medicalstudents #medicalanimation
- published: 06 Dec 2022
- views: 7715
4:19
Sensory processing and the brain | Cells and organisms | Middle school biology | Khan Academy
Keep going! Check out the next lesson and practice what you’re learning:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ms-biology/x0c5bb03129646fd6:cells-and-organisms/x0...
Keep going! Check out the next lesson and practice what you’re learning:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ms-biology/x0c5bb03129646fd6:cells-and-organisms/x0c5bb03129646fd6:sensory-processing-and-the-brain/a/sensory-processing-and-the-brain
Each sense receptor responds to different inputs (electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical), transmitting them as signals that travel along nerve cells to the brain. The signals are then processed in the brain, resulting in immediate behaviors or memories.
Khan Academy is a nonprofit organization with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We offer quizzes, questions, instructional videos, and articles on a range of academic subjects, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, history, economics, finance, grammar, preschool learning, and more. We provide teachers with tools and data so they can help their students develop the skills, habits, and mindsets for success in school and beyond. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 15 million people around the globe learn on Khan Academy every month. As a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, we would love your help!
Donate or volunteer today! Donate here: https://www.khanacademy.org/donate
Volunteer here: https://www.khanacademy.org/contribute
Credits:
Human body image created with Biorender.com:
https://biorender.com/
"Neuron - Nerve Cell" by Doctor Jana, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0):
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuron_-_Nerve_Cell_04.png
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
https://wn.com/Sensory_Processing_And_The_Brain_|_Cells_And_Organisms_|_Middle_School_Biology_|_Khan_Academy
Keep going! Check out the next lesson and practice what you’re learning:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ms-biology/x0c5bb03129646fd6:cells-and-organisms/x0c5bb03129646fd6:sensory-processing-and-the-brain/a/sensory-processing-and-the-brain
Each sense receptor responds to different inputs (electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical), transmitting them as signals that travel along nerve cells to the brain. The signals are then processed in the brain, resulting in immediate behaviors or memories.
Khan Academy is a nonprofit organization with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We offer quizzes, questions, instructional videos, and articles on a range of academic subjects, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, history, economics, finance, grammar, preschool learning, and more. We provide teachers with tools and data so they can help their students develop the skills, habits, and mindsets for success in school and beyond. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 15 million people around the globe learn on Khan Academy every month. As a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, we would love your help!
Donate or volunteer today! Donate here: https://www.khanacademy.org/donate
Volunteer here: https://www.khanacademy.org/contribute
Credits:
Human body image created with Biorender.com:
https://biorender.com/
"Neuron - Nerve Cell" by Doctor Jana, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0):
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuron_-_Nerve_Cell_04.png
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
- published: 14 Mar 2022
- views: 69784
1:59
2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch Receptors
Touch receptors in the skin provide us with tactile information about qualities like the position, shape, texture, pressure, and movement of things we come in c...
Touch receptors in the skin provide us with tactile information about qualities like the position, shape, texture, pressure, and movement of things we come in contact with. In this video, I discuss the four main types of touch receptors found in hairless skin.
TRANSCRIPT:
Touch receptors in the skin provide us with tactile information about qualities like the position, shape, texture, pressure, and movement of things we come in contact with. They are often classified as either rapidly-adapting or slowly-adapting. Rapidly-adapting receptors are activated when a stimulus is first encountered, but fall silent if the stimulus remains present. They are important for detecting things like movement. Slowly-adapting receptors keep responding to a continuously present stimulus and are important for detecting things like the size and shape of objects. Touch receptors also vary in the size of their receptive field, or the area they can detect signals from. Having many smaller receptive fields typically allows for better tactile discrimination than fewer, large receptive fields. There are four main types of touch receptors found in hairless skin (like that of the hand).
Merkel’s discs are slowly-adapting receptors that have very small receptive fields and high spatial resolution. They are especially dense in the fingertips, and are best-suited for processing information about shape and texture.
Meissner’s corpuscles are rapidly-adapting receptors. They have relatively small receptive fields, but their spatial resolution is inferior to that of Merkel’s discs. They are especially effective at transmitting information about movement between the skin and another surface. This can be used to sense texture and to detect if an object is sliding past the skin--which is important for maintaining grip.
Pacinian corpuscles are rapidly-adapting receptors with very large receptive fields. They are thought to be most effective at transmitting information about vibrations objects cause when they are contacted or grasped by the hand. This information may be important for the use of tools.
Ruffini’s endings are slowly-adapting receptors with large receptive fields.They are poorly understood, but seem to respond most to skin stretching, like what would occur with movement of the fingers. This information might be especially important in generating awareness of finger and hand position.
Reference:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, Mooney RD, Platt ML, White LE. Neuroscience. 6th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2018.
Thanks to Nicole Lookfong for help with fact-checking the script for this video.
https://wn.com/2_Minute_Neuroscience_Touch_Receptors
Touch receptors in the skin provide us with tactile information about qualities like the position, shape, texture, pressure, and movement of things we come in contact with. In this video, I discuss the four main types of touch receptors found in hairless skin.
TRANSCRIPT:
Touch receptors in the skin provide us with tactile information about qualities like the position, shape, texture, pressure, and movement of things we come in contact with. They are often classified as either rapidly-adapting or slowly-adapting. Rapidly-adapting receptors are activated when a stimulus is first encountered, but fall silent if the stimulus remains present. They are important for detecting things like movement. Slowly-adapting receptors keep responding to a continuously present stimulus and are important for detecting things like the size and shape of objects. Touch receptors also vary in the size of their receptive field, or the area they can detect signals from. Having many smaller receptive fields typically allows for better tactile discrimination than fewer, large receptive fields. There are four main types of touch receptors found in hairless skin (like that of the hand).
Merkel’s discs are slowly-adapting receptors that have very small receptive fields and high spatial resolution. They are especially dense in the fingertips, and are best-suited for processing information about shape and texture.
Meissner’s corpuscles are rapidly-adapting receptors. They have relatively small receptive fields, but their spatial resolution is inferior to that of Merkel’s discs. They are especially effective at transmitting information about movement between the skin and another surface. This can be used to sense texture and to detect if an object is sliding past the skin--which is important for maintaining grip.
Pacinian corpuscles are rapidly-adapting receptors with very large receptive fields. They are thought to be most effective at transmitting information about vibrations objects cause when they are contacted or grasped by the hand. This information may be important for the use of tools.
Ruffini’s endings are slowly-adapting receptors with large receptive fields.They are poorly understood, but seem to respond most to skin stretching, like what would occur with movement of the fingers. This information might be especially important in generating awareness of finger and hand position.
Reference:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, Mooney RD, Platt ML, White LE. Neuroscience. 6th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2018.
Thanks to Nicole Lookfong for help with fact-checking the script for this video.
- published: 21 Oct 2019
- views: 202018
35:20
New! Intro to Nervous Tissue
PDF Link for Notes: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ckubHlMJW8zHtvPezXP-SIe2Xuz5Xf5M/view?usp=sharing
PDF Link for Notes: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ckubHlMJW8zHtvPezXP-SIe2Xuz5Xf5M/view?usp=sharing
https://wn.com/New_Intro_To_Nervous_Tissue
PDF Link for Notes: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ckubHlMJW8zHtvPezXP-SIe2Xuz5Xf5M/view?usp=sharing
- published: 26 Oct 2024
- views: 259
3:56
Physiology of Touch: Receptors and Pathways, Animation
Tactile receptors: Rapidly-adapting (Miessner and Pacinian Corpuscles ) and slowly-adapting (Mekel disks and Ruffini); two-point discrimination test; touch sens...
Tactile receptors: Rapidly-adapting (Miessner and Pacinian Corpuscles ) and slowly-adapting (Mekel disks and Ruffini); two-point discrimination test; touch sensory pathways. Part of the sensation and perception series - special sense organs and general senses.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
Check out our new Alila Academy - AlilaAcademy(dot)com - complete video courses with quizzes, PDFs, and downloadable images.
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Voice by : Marty Henne
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
The sense of touch, or tactile sense, is the perception of objects that come into contact with the skin.
Basically, mechanical stimuli such as pressure, stretch, vibration or movement, cause physical deformation in tactile receptors, which are essentially nerve endings of sensory neurons. The deformation typically leads to opening of ion channels, allowing ions to flow in or out of the cells, resulting in cellular depolarization. If the stimulus is strong enough, action potentials are generated and sent to the brain.
There are several types of tactile receptors, located in different layers of the skin and deeper tissues.
Anatomically, they can be encapsulated or unencapsulated, meaning they are wrapped or not wrapped in connective tissue, respectively.
Functionally, they can be rapidly-adapting, or slowly-adapting:
- Rapidly-adapting receptors generate action potentials when first stimulated, then quickly adapt and reduce or stop generating signals even if the stimulus continues. They respond to changes and therefore detect movements and sequence of events, rather than static objects.
- Slowly-adapting receptors, on the other hand, keep generating signals for a longer time. They carry messages about steady pressure on the skin and sense object’s texture, edges and shapes.
Touch receptors also differ in their sensitivity - some respond to light touch, others sense only heavy pressures. A sensory neuron receives signals from an area called its receptive field. Any touch within a receptive field stimulates one sensory neuron, transmitting one single signal to the brain. Being touched at 2 points within a receptive field would feel like a single touch. On the skin of the back, 2 points of contact several centimeters apart may feel like 1 touch, while on a finger, 2 contact points just 2 millimeters apart can be felt separately. Receptors with small receptive fields are more sensitive, they respond to lower frequencies of vibration; receptors with large receptive fields typically respond to higher frequencies of vibration.
A touch sensory pathway involves 3 neurons:
- Touch receptors are first-order neurons. Their axons form sensory fibers that enter the spinal cord via the dorsal root of spinal nerve.
- Inside the cord, first-order neurons synapse with second-order neurons either near the point of entry, or in the medulla of the brainstem. Second-order neurons then cross over to the other side of the cord, before ascending to the thalamus. This is how sensory information from the left side of the body is transmitted to the right side of the brain, and vice versa.
- Third-order neurons conduct the information from the thalamus to the sensory cortex.
Sensory neurons from the face and head follow several cranial nerves, mainly the trigeminal nerve, to the brainstem, where they synapse with second-order neurons, which decussate and continue to the thalamus.
The sensory cortex is spatially organized so that its adjacent areas represent neighboring regions of the body. The size of the cortical area representing a certain body region is proportional to the number of sensory receptors it has. Thus, sensitive regions with high density of receptors, such as fingers or face, have a larger cortical representation than the less sensitive trunk.
https://wn.com/Physiology_Of_Touch_Receptors_And_Pathways,_Animation
Tactile receptors: Rapidly-adapting (Miessner and Pacinian Corpuscles ) and slowly-adapting (Mekel disks and Ruffini); two-point discrimination test; touch sensory pathways. Part of the sensation and perception series - special sense organs and general senses.
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The sense of touch, or tactile sense, is the perception of objects that come into contact with the skin.
Basically, mechanical stimuli such as pressure, stretch, vibration or movement, cause physical deformation in tactile receptors, which are essentially nerve endings of sensory neurons. The deformation typically leads to opening of ion channels, allowing ions to flow in or out of the cells, resulting in cellular depolarization. If the stimulus is strong enough, action potentials are generated and sent to the brain.
There are several types of tactile receptors, located in different layers of the skin and deeper tissues.
Anatomically, they can be encapsulated or unencapsulated, meaning they are wrapped or not wrapped in connective tissue, respectively.
Functionally, they can be rapidly-adapting, or slowly-adapting:
- Rapidly-adapting receptors generate action potentials when first stimulated, then quickly adapt and reduce or stop generating signals even if the stimulus continues. They respond to changes and therefore detect movements and sequence of events, rather than static objects.
- Slowly-adapting receptors, on the other hand, keep generating signals for a longer time. They carry messages about steady pressure on the skin and sense object’s texture, edges and shapes.
Touch receptors also differ in their sensitivity - some respond to light touch, others sense only heavy pressures. A sensory neuron receives signals from an area called its receptive field. Any touch within a receptive field stimulates one sensory neuron, transmitting one single signal to the brain. Being touched at 2 points within a receptive field would feel like a single touch. On the skin of the back, 2 points of contact several centimeters apart may feel like 1 touch, while on a finger, 2 contact points just 2 millimeters apart can be felt separately. Receptors with small receptive fields are more sensitive, they respond to lower frequencies of vibration; receptors with large receptive fields typically respond to higher frequencies of vibration.
A touch sensory pathway involves 3 neurons:
- Touch receptors are first-order neurons. Their axons form sensory fibers that enter the spinal cord via the dorsal root of spinal nerve.
- Inside the cord, first-order neurons synapse with second-order neurons either near the point of entry, or in the medulla of the brainstem. Second-order neurons then cross over to the other side of the cord, before ascending to the thalamus. This is how sensory information from the left side of the body is transmitted to the right side of the brain, and vice versa.
- Third-order neurons conduct the information from the thalamus to the sensory cortex.
Sensory neurons from the face and head follow several cranial nerves, mainly the trigeminal nerve, to the brainstem, where they synapse with second-order neurons, which decussate and continue to the thalamus.
The sensory cortex is spatially organized so that its adjacent areas represent neighboring regions of the body. The size of the cortical area representing a certain body region is proportional to the number of sensory receptors it has. Thus, sensitive regions with high density of receptors, such as fingers or face, have a larger cortical representation than the less sensitive trunk.
- published: 21 Feb 2022
- views: 164203