A proto-language in the tree model of historical linguistics is a language – usually hypothetical or reconstructed, and unattested – from which a number of attested, or documented, known languages are believed to have descended by evolution, or slow modification of the proto-language into languages that form a language family.
In the strict sense, a proto-language is the latest common ancestor of a language family (immediately before the start of the divergence into the attested idioms) and thus corresponds to the most recent common ancestor in biology, although the term is often used more loosely. Moreover, a group of idioms (such as a dialect cluster) which are not considered separate languages (for whichever reasons) can also be described as descending from a unitary proto-language.
Occasionally, the German term Ursprache (from Ur- "primordial" and Sprache "language", pronounced[ˈʔuːɐ.ʃpʁaː.xə]) is used instead.
Definition and verification
Typically, the proto-language is not known directly. It is by definition a linguistic reconstruction formulated by applying the comparative method to a group of languages featuring similar characteristics. The tree is a statement of similarity and a hypothesis that the similarity results from descent from a common language.
A proto-language is a hypothetical or reconstructed language from which a number of known languages are believed to have descended in historical linguistics.
Proto-language may also refer to:
Proto-language (glottogony), primitive language-like systems or forms of communication posited in theories of the origin of language
All you need to know about the basics of protolanguage. What it is and why its relevant, as well as easy-to-follow, relatable examples of it!
published: 12 Aug 2017
Proto-World and the Origin of Language
In which I take seven minutes to say "we don't know squat."
I have yet to make that video about why animals can't talk. That or I did but forgot to update this bit in the description.
Nativlang's video on reconstructions of Proto-World: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS-QNKYYSTw
Intro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GckzLCaPEzk
published: 11 Jan 2017
Evolution of the Indo-European Languages - Ancient Civilizations DOCUMENTARY
This video is brought to you by Aloud. Learn more about the video translation tool that’s breaking the language barrier: https://aloud.area120.google.com/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=creator&utm_campaign=kg
The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations continues with a video on the evolution of the Indo-European Languages, as we give a summary of how this language family formed and how the languages belonging to each are still connected to each other:
Arabia Before Islam: Religion, Society, Culture: https://youtu.be/07OsSSt0ytc
Vandals: https://youtu.be/-IpbeEW6I9Y
How Rome Conquered Greece: https://youtu.be/v5q1rerf-qw
Did the Trojan War Really Happen: https://youtu.be/12eHJL2yRtk
Demosthenes: https://youtu.be/ABS1iepXG0U
Ancient Greek Poli...
published: 09 Jul 2022
The Sound of the Proto Indo European language (Numbers, Words & Story)
Welcome to my channel! This is Andy from I love languages. Let's learn different languages/dialects together. For today's video, I recorded my voice speaking the Proto-Indo European language. Please feel free to subscribe to see more of this. I hope you have a great day! Stay happy! Please support me on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/user?u=16809442. (Recorded by I love languages team)
(It's a reconstructed language)
Please support me on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/user?u=16809442
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the theorized common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists.
Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE th...
published: 14 Aug 2020
Proto-language Meaning
Video shows what proto-language means. A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages to try to deduce what a common ancestor language, no longer known, would have been like.. proto-language synonyms: urlanguage|ur-language. Proto-language Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say proto-language. Made with MaryTTS and Wiktionary
published: 25 Apr 2015
Mike Parker - Protolanguage
Like it? Buy it!
@ http://itunes.apple.com/be/album/document/id367934589
published: 14 Jul 2011
Musical Protolanguage and Language Evolution with Max Albee
Here Cab Calloway helps break the ice into Max Albee's introduction to musical protolanguage and Darwin's theory of human language evolution, a crucial part of his main theory of evolution.
published: 08 Aug 2017
Enter the proto-language | Conlang with Me #3
Welcome back to episode 3 of my Conlang with Me series, in which I make a conlang from scratch before your eyes, along with some help from you. In this video, we start to get historical by making a proto-language for our conlang to descend from.
Things I mentioned:
- Index Diachronica:
https://chridd.nfshost.com/diachronica/
----------
This is a segment from live stream #3:
https://youtu.be/gEqIzUZrjqM
#conlang #worldbuilding
For the latest news, follow me on social media:
----------
Patreon: https://patreon.com/colingorrie
Twitter: https://twitter.com/colingorrie
Youtube: https://youtube.com/c/ColinGorrie
Twitch: https://twitch.tv/colingorrie
Discord: https://discord.gg/5wbTmffJnA
Website: https://colingorrie.com/
published: 31 Dec 2021
How to Pronounce protolanguage - American English
Learn how to say/pronounce protolanguage in American English. Subscribe for more videos!
published: 27 Jan 2018
What does proto-language mean?
What does proto-language mean?
A spoken definition of proto-language.
Intro Sound:
Typewriter - Tamskp
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Outro Music:
Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Intro/Outro Photo:
The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson
Licensed under CC-BY-2.0
Book Image:
Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Text derived from:
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proto-language
Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
In which I take seven minutes to say "we don't know squat."
I have yet to make that video about why animals can't talk. That or I did but forgot to update thi...
In which I take seven minutes to say "we don't know squat."
I have yet to make that video about why animals can't talk. That or I did but forgot to update this bit in the description.
Nativlang's video on reconstructions of Proto-World: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS-QNKYYSTw
Intro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GckzLCaPEzk
In which I take seven minutes to say "we don't know squat."
I have yet to make that video about why animals can't talk. That or I did but forgot to update this bit in the description.
Nativlang's video on reconstructions of Proto-World: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS-QNKYYSTw
Intro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GckzLCaPEzk
This video is brought to you by Aloud. Learn more about the video translation tool that’s breaking the language barrier: https://aloud.area120.google.com/?utm_s...
This video is brought to you by Aloud. Learn more about the video translation tool that’s breaking the language barrier: https://aloud.area120.google.com/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=creator&utm_campaign=kg
The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations continues with a video on the evolution of the Indo-European Languages, as we give a summary of how this language family formed and how the languages belonging to each are still connected to each other:
Arabia Before Islam: Religion, Society, Culture: https://youtu.be/07OsSSt0ytc
Vandals: https://youtu.be/-IpbeEW6I9Y
How Rome Conquered Greece: https://youtu.be/v5q1rerf-qw
Did the Trojan War Really Happen: https://youtu.be/12eHJL2yRtk
Demosthenes: https://youtu.be/ABS1iepXG0U
Ancient Greek Politics and Diplomacy: https://youtu.be/MVnp4NilDLI
Pyrrhic Wars: https://youtu.be/2QBA6ZPmj3Q
Ancient Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Philip II: https://youtu.be/FXX1FVYysjQ
Diplomatic Genius of Philip of Macedon: https://youtu.be/yVTrkESkuTw
Etruscans: https://youtu.be/FkySjRwUteE
Bosporan Kingdom: https://youtu.be/ltikjXUiAC4
Ancient Greek State in Bactria: https://youtu.be/IQATsepKoLE
The Greco-Chinese War Over the Heavenly Horses: https://youtu.be/g6Rphg_lwwM
Ancient Greek Kingdom in India: https://youtu.be/ZxJk4KHZxi8
Ghaznavids: https://youtu.be/yJ91rv0xdWM
Huns: https://youtu.be/bFpQjWtpHcM
White Huns: https://youtu.be/JJWddbCUZLQ
Gokturks: https://youtu.be/BChpoa_IuQs
Yuezhi: https://youtu.be/2KdM6AlyLUY
Seljuks: https://youtu.be/P79ECnISamo
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fw/join We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ooKPbpq0z8ciEjz5Zmrga4-gWRmripm0u4BHMkkXHVc/edit?usp=sharing
The video was made by Arb Paninken, while the script was developed by Georgi Kolev. This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU0-VII-V376zFxiRGMeZGg & https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC79s7EdN9uXX77-Ly2HmEjQ)
✔ Merch store ► https://teespring.com/stores/kingsandgenerals
✔ Patreon ► https://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals
✔ Podcast ► https://kingsandgenerals.libsyn.com/ iTunes: https://apple.co/2QTuMNG
✔ PayPal ► http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
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✔ Instagram ►http://www.instagram.com/Kings_Generals
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #DubbedWithAloud #Civilization
This video is brought to you by Aloud. Learn more about the video translation tool that’s breaking the language barrier: https://aloud.area120.google.com/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=creator&utm_campaign=kg
The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations continues with a video on the evolution of the Indo-European Languages, as we give a summary of how this language family formed and how the languages belonging to each are still connected to each other:
Arabia Before Islam: Religion, Society, Culture: https://youtu.be/07OsSSt0ytc
Vandals: https://youtu.be/-IpbeEW6I9Y
How Rome Conquered Greece: https://youtu.be/v5q1rerf-qw
Did the Trojan War Really Happen: https://youtu.be/12eHJL2yRtk
Demosthenes: https://youtu.be/ABS1iepXG0U
Ancient Greek Politics and Diplomacy: https://youtu.be/MVnp4NilDLI
Pyrrhic Wars: https://youtu.be/2QBA6ZPmj3Q
Ancient Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Philip II: https://youtu.be/FXX1FVYysjQ
Diplomatic Genius of Philip of Macedon: https://youtu.be/yVTrkESkuTw
Etruscans: https://youtu.be/FkySjRwUteE
Bosporan Kingdom: https://youtu.be/ltikjXUiAC4
Ancient Greek State in Bactria: https://youtu.be/IQATsepKoLE
The Greco-Chinese War Over the Heavenly Horses: https://youtu.be/g6Rphg_lwwM
Ancient Greek Kingdom in India: https://youtu.be/ZxJk4KHZxi8
Ghaznavids: https://youtu.be/yJ91rv0xdWM
Huns: https://youtu.be/bFpQjWtpHcM
White Huns: https://youtu.be/JJWddbCUZLQ
Gokturks: https://youtu.be/BChpoa_IuQs
Yuezhi: https://youtu.be/2KdM6AlyLUY
Seljuks: https://youtu.be/P79ECnISamo
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fw/join We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ooKPbpq0z8ciEjz5Zmrga4-gWRmripm0u4BHMkkXHVc/edit?usp=sharing
The video was made by Arb Paninken, while the script was developed by Georgi Kolev. This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU0-VII-V376zFxiRGMeZGg & https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC79s7EdN9uXX77-Ly2HmEjQ)
✔ Merch store ► https://teespring.com/stores/kingsandgenerals
✔ Patreon ► https://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals
✔ Podcast ► https://kingsandgenerals.libsyn.com/ iTunes: https://apple.co/2QTuMNG
✔ PayPal ► http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
✔ Twitter ► https://twitter.com/KingsGenerals
✔ Discord ►https://discord.gg/DpuRAMa75V
✔ Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/KingsGenerals
✔ Instagram ►http://www.instagram.com/Kings_Generals
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #DubbedWithAloud #Civilization
Welcome to my channel! This is Andy from I love languages. Let's learn different languages/dialects together. For today's video, I recorded my voice speaking th...
Welcome to my channel! This is Andy from I love languages. Let's learn different languages/dialects together. For today's video, I recorded my voice speaking the Proto-Indo European language. Please feel free to subscribe to see more of this. I hope you have a great day! Stay happy! Please support me on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/user?u=16809442. (Recorded by I love languages team)
(It's a reconstructed language)
Please support me on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/user?u=16809442
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the theorized common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists.
Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language, and it is by far the best understood of all proto-languages of its age. The vast majority of linguistic work during the 19th century was devoted to the reconstruction of PIE or its daughter proto-languages (such as Proto-Germanic and Proto-Indo-Iranian), and most of the modern techniques of linguistic reconstruction (such as the comparative method) were developed as a result.
PIE is hypothesized to have been spoken as a single language from 6500 BC to 3500 BC during the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, though estimates vary by more than a thousand years. According to the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis, the original homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans may have been in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Europe. The linguistic reconstruction of PIE has also provided insight into the culture and religion of its speakers.
As speakers of Proto-Indo-European became isolated from each other through the Indo-European migrations, the regional dialects of Proto-Indo-European spoken by the various groups diverged from each other, as each dialect underwent different shifts in pronunciation (the Indo-European sound laws), morphology, and vocabulary. Thus these dialects slowly but eventually transformed into the known ancient Indo-European languages. From there, further linguistic divergence led to the evolution of their current descendants, the modern Indo-European languages. Today, the descendant languages, or daughter languages, of PIE with the most native speakers are Spanish, English, Portuguese, Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu), Bengali, Russian, Punjabi, German, Persian, French, Marathi, Italian, and Gujarati.
PIE is believed to have had an elaborate system of morphology that included inflectional suffixes (analogous to English life, lives, life's, lives') as well as ablaut (vowel alterations, for example, as preserved in English sing, sang, sung) and accent. PIE nominals and pronouns had a complex system of declension, and verbs similarly had a complex system of conjugation. The PIE phonology, particles, numerals, and copula are also well-reconstructed.
Asterisks are used as a conventional mark of reconstructed words, such as *wódr̥, *ḱwṓ, or *tréyes; these forms are the reconstructed ancestors of the modern English words water, hound, and three, respectively.
LINKS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans#:~:text=The%20Proto%2DIndo%2DEuropeans%20were,languages%20according%20to%20linguistic%20reconstruction.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_king_and_the_god
Want your beautiful language to be featured?
My email:
[email protected]
Welcome to my channel! This is Andy from I love languages. Let's learn different languages/dialects together. For today's video, I recorded my voice speaking the Proto-Indo European language. Please feel free to subscribe to see more of this. I hope you have a great day! Stay happy! Please support me on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/user?u=16809442. (Recorded by I love languages team)
(It's a reconstructed language)
Please support me on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/user?u=16809442
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the theorized common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists.
Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language, and it is by far the best understood of all proto-languages of its age. The vast majority of linguistic work during the 19th century was devoted to the reconstruction of PIE or its daughter proto-languages (such as Proto-Germanic and Proto-Indo-Iranian), and most of the modern techniques of linguistic reconstruction (such as the comparative method) were developed as a result.
PIE is hypothesized to have been spoken as a single language from 6500 BC to 3500 BC during the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, though estimates vary by more than a thousand years. According to the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis, the original homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans may have been in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Europe. The linguistic reconstruction of PIE has also provided insight into the culture and religion of its speakers.
As speakers of Proto-Indo-European became isolated from each other through the Indo-European migrations, the regional dialects of Proto-Indo-European spoken by the various groups diverged from each other, as each dialect underwent different shifts in pronunciation (the Indo-European sound laws), morphology, and vocabulary. Thus these dialects slowly but eventually transformed into the known ancient Indo-European languages. From there, further linguistic divergence led to the evolution of their current descendants, the modern Indo-European languages. Today, the descendant languages, or daughter languages, of PIE with the most native speakers are Spanish, English, Portuguese, Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu), Bengali, Russian, Punjabi, German, Persian, French, Marathi, Italian, and Gujarati.
PIE is believed to have had an elaborate system of morphology that included inflectional suffixes (analogous to English life, lives, life's, lives') as well as ablaut (vowel alterations, for example, as preserved in English sing, sang, sung) and accent. PIE nominals and pronouns had a complex system of declension, and verbs similarly had a complex system of conjugation. The PIE phonology, particles, numerals, and copula are also well-reconstructed.
Asterisks are used as a conventional mark of reconstructed words, such as *wódr̥, *ḱwṓ, or *tréyes; these forms are the reconstructed ancestors of the modern English words water, hound, and three, respectively.
LINKS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans#:~:text=The%20Proto%2DIndo%2DEuropeans%20were,languages%20according%20to%20linguistic%20reconstruction.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_king_and_the_god
Want your beautiful language to be featured?
My email:
[email protected]
Video shows what proto-language means. A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages to try to deduce what a common ancestor...
Video shows what proto-language means. A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages to try to deduce what a common ancestor language, no longer known, would have been like.. proto-language synonyms: urlanguage|ur-language. Proto-language Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say proto-language. Made with MaryTTS and Wiktionary
Video shows what proto-language means. A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages to try to deduce what a common ancestor language, no longer known, would have been like.. proto-language synonyms: urlanguage|ur-language. Proto-language Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say proto-language. Made with MaryTTS and Wiktionary
Here Cab Calloway helps break the ice into Max Albee's introduction to musical protolanguage and Darwin's theory of human language evolution, a crucial part of ...
Here Cab Calloway helps break the ice into Max Albee's introduction to musical protolanguage and Darwin's theory of human language evolution, a crucial part of his main theory of evolution.
Here Cab Calloway helps break the ice into Max Albee's introduction to musical protolanguage and Darwin's theory of human language evolution, a crucial part of his main theory of evolution.
Welcome back to episode 3 of my Conlang with Me series, in which I make a conlang from scratch before your eyes, along with some help from you. In this video, w...
Welcome back to episode 3 of my Conlang with Me series, in which I make a conlang from scratch before your eyes, along with some help from you. In this video, we start to get historical by making a proto-language for our conlang to descend from.
Things I mentioned:
- Index Diachronica:
https://chridd.nfshost.com/diachronica/
----------
This is a segment from live stream #3:
https://youtu.be/gEqIzUZrjqM
#conlang #worldbuilding
For the latest news, follow me on social media:
----------
Patreon: https://patreon.com/colingorrie
Twitter: https://twitter.com/colingorrie
Youtube: https://youtube.com/c/ColinGorrie
Twitch: https://twitch.tv/colingorrie
Discord: https://discord.gg/5wbTmffJnA
Website: https://colingorrie.com/
Welcome back to episode 3 of my Conlang with Me series, in which I make a conlang from scratch before your eyes, along with some help from you. In this video, we start to get historical by making a proto-language for our conlang to descend from.
Things I mentioned:
- Index Diachronica:
https://chridd.nfshost.com/diachronica/
----------
This is a segment from live stream #3:
https://youtu.be/gEqIzUZrjqM
#conlang #worldbuilding
For the latest news, follow me on social media:
----------
Patreon: https://patreon.com/colingorrie
Twitter: https://twitter.com/colingorrie
Youtube: https://youtube.com/c/ColinGorrie
Twitch: https://twitch.tv/colingorrie
Discord: https://discord.gg/5wbTmffJnA
Website: https://colingorrie.com/
What does proto-language mean?
A spoken definition of proto-language.
Intro Sound:
Typewriter - Tamskp
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Outro Music:
Groove Gr...
What does proto-language mean?
A spoken definition of proto-language.
Intro Sound:
Typewriter - Tamskp
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Outro Music:
Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Intro/Outro Photo:
The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson
Licensed under CC-BY-2.0
Book Image:
Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Text derived from:
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proto-language
Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
What does proto-language mean?
A spoken definition of proto-language.
Intro Sound:
Typewriter - Tamskp
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Outro Music:
Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Intro/Outro Photo:
The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson
Licensed under CC-BY-2.0
Book Image:
Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Text derived from:
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proto-language
Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
In which I take seven minutes to say "we don't know squat."
I have yet to make that video about why animals can't talk. That or I did but forgot to update this bit in the description.
Nativlang's video on reconstructions of Proto-World: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS-QNKYYSTw
Intro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GckzLCaPEzk
This video is brought to you by Aloud. Learn more about the video translation tool that’s breaking the language barrier: https://aloud.area120.google.com/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=creator&utm_campaign=kg
The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on the ancient civilizations continues with a video on the evolution of the Indo-European Languages, as we give a summary of how this language family formed and how the languages belonging to each are still connected to each other:
Arabia Before Islam: Religion, Society, Culture: https://youtu.be/07OsSSt0ytc
Vandals: https://youtu.be/-IpbeEW6I9Y
How Rome Conquered Greece: https://youtu.be/v5q1rerf-qw
Did the Trojan War Really Happen: https://youtu.be/12eHJL2yRtk
Demosthenes: https://youtu.be/ABS1iepXG0U
Ancient Greek Politics and Diplomacy: https://youtu.be/MVnp4NilDLI
Pyrrhic Wars: https://youtu.be/2QBA6ZPmj3Q
Ancient Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Philip II: https://youtu.be/FXX1FVYysjQ
Diplomatic Genius of Philip of Macedon: https://youtu.be/yVTrkESkuTw
Etruscans: https://youtu.be/FkySjRwUteE
Bosporan Kingdom: https://youtu.be/ltikjXUiAC4
Ancient Greek State in Bactria: https://youtu.be/IQATsepKoLE
The Greco-Chinese War Over the Heavenly Horses: https://youtu.be/g6Rphg_lwwM
Ancient Greek Kingdom in India: https://youtu.be/ZxJk4KHZxi8
Ghaznavids: https://youtu.be/yJ91rv0xdWM
Huns: https://youtu.be/bFpQjWtpHcM
White Huns: https://youtu.be/JJWddbCUZLQ
Gokturks: https://youtu.be/BChpoa_IuQs
Yuezhi: https://youtu.be/2KdM6AlyLUY
Seljuks: https://youtu.be/P79ECnISamo
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fw/join We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ooKPbpq0z8ciEjz5Zmrga4-gWRmripm0u4BHMkkXHVc/edit?usp=sharing
The video was made by Arb Paninken, while the script was developed by Georgi Kolev. This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU0-VII-V376zFxiRGMeZGg & https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC79s7EdN9uXX77-Ly2HmEjQ)
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#Documentary #DubbedWithAloud #Civilization
Welcome to my channel! This is Andy from I love languages. Let's learn different languages/dialects together. For today's video, I recorded my voice speaking the Proto-Indo European language. Please feel free to subscribe to see more of this. I hope you have a great day! Stay happy! Please support me on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/user?u=16809442. (Recorded by I love languages team)
(It's a reconstructed language)
Please support me on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/user?u=16809442
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the theorized common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists.
Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language, and it is by far the best understood of all proto-languages of its age. The vast majority of linguistic work during the 19th century was devoted to the reconstruction of PIE or its daughter proto-languages (such as Proto-Germanic and Proto-Indo-Iranian), and most of the modern techniques of linguistic reconstruction (such as the comparative method) were developed as a result.
PIE is hypothesized to have been spoken as a single language from 6500 BC to 3500 BC during the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, though estimates vary by more than a thousand years. According to the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis, the original homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans may have been in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Europe. The linguistic reconstruction of PIE has also provided insight into the culture and religion of its speakers.
As speakers of Proto-Indo-European became isolated from each other through the Indo-European migrations, the regional dialects of Proto-Indo-European spoken by the various groups diverged from each other, as each dialect underwent different shifts in pronunciation (the Indo-European sound laws), morphology, and vocabulary. Thus these dialects slowly but eventually transformed into the known ancient Indo-European languages. From there, further linguistic divergence led to the evolution of their current descendants, the modern Indo-European languages. Today, the descendant languages, or daughter languages, of PIE with the most native speakers are Spanish, English, Portuguese, Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu), Bengali, Russian, Punjabi, German, Persian, French, Marathi, Italian, and Gujarati.
PIE is believed to have had an elaborate system of morphology that included inflectional suffixes (analogous to English life, lives, life's, lives') as well as ablaut (vowel alterations, for example, as preserved in English sing, sang, sung) and accent. PIE nominals and pronouns had a complex system of declension, and verbs similarly had a complex system of conjugation. The PIE phonology, particles, numerals, and copula are also well-reconstructed.
Asterisks are used as a conventional mark of reconstructed words, such as *wódr̥, *ḱwṓ, or *tréyes; these forms are the reconstructed ancestors of the modern English words water, hound, and three, respectively.
LINKS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans#:~:text=The%20Proto%2DIndo%2DEuropeans%20were,languages%20according%20to%20linguistic%20reconstruction.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_king_and_the_god
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Video shows what proto-language means. A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages to try to deduce what a common ancestor language, no longer known, would have been like.. proto-language synonyms: urlanguage|ur-language. Proto-language Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say proto-language. Made with MaryTTS and Wiktionary
Here Cab Calloway helps break the ice into Max Albee's introduction to musical protolanguage and Darwin's theory of human language evolution, a crucial part of his main theory of evolution.
Welcome back to episode 3 of my Conlang with Me series, in which I make a conlang from scratch before your eyes, along with some help from you. In this video, we start to get historical by making a proto-language for our conlang to descend from.
Things I mentioned:
- Index Diachronica:
https://chridd.nfshost.com/diachronica/
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This is a segment from live stream #3:
https://youtu.be/gEqIzUZrjqM
#conlang #worldbuilding
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What does proto-language mean?
A spoken definition of proto-language.
Intro Sound:
Typewriter - Tamskp
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Outro Music:
Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Intro/Outro Photo:
The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson
Licensed under CC-BY-2.0
Book Image:
Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Text derived from:
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proto-language
Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
A proto-language in the tree model of historical linguistics is a language – usually hypothetical or reconstructed, and unattested – from which a number of attested, or documented, known languages are believed to have descended by evolution, or slow modification of the proto-language into languages that form a language family.
In the strict sense, a proto-language is the latest common ancestor of a language family (immediately before the start of the divergence into the attested idioms) and thus corresponds to the most recent common ancestor in biology, although the term is often used more loosely. Moreover, a group of idioms (such as a dialect cluster) which are not considered separate languages (for whichever reasons) can also be described as descending from a unitary proto-language.
Occasionally, the German term Ursprache (from Ur- "primordial" and Sprache "language", pronounced[ˈʔuːɐ.ʃpʁaː.xə]) is used instead.
Definition and verification
Typically, the proto-language is not known directly. It is by definition a linguistic reconstruction formulated by applying the comparative method to a group of languages featuring similar characteristics. The tree is a statement of similarity and a hypothesis that the similarity results from descent from a common language.