A pluvial lake is a landlocked basin (endorheic basin) which fills with rainwater during times of glaciation, when precipitation is higher. Pluvial lakes that have since evaporated and dried out may also be referred to as paleolakes.
Etymology
The word pluvial comes from the Latin pluvia, which means "rain".
Geology
Pluvial lakes represent changes in the hydrological cycle — wet cycles generate large lakes, whereas dry cycles cause the lakes to dry up leaving large flat plains. Accumulated sediments show the variation in water level. During glacial periods, times when the lake level is fairly high, mud sediments will settle out and be deposited. At times in between glaciers (interglacial), salt deposits may be present due to the arid climate and evaporation of lake water.
Several pluvial lakes formed in what is now the southwestern United States during the glaciation of the late Pleistocene epoch. One of these was Lake Bonneville in western Utah which covered roughly 19,000 square miles (49,000km2). When Lake Bonneville was at its maximum water level, it was 1,000 feet (300m) higher than the Great Salt Lake.
The rise and fall of latest Pleistocene pluvial lakes in the northern Great Basin
Presented by - Daniel Enrique Ibarra,
University of California, Berkeley
G.K. Gilbert’s 1890 monograph on Lake Bonneville for the United States Geological Survey started over a century of research on Quaternary lakes in the American West that continues today with an increased need to forecast future water resources in the regions.
Early geologists documented extensive lacustrine shoreline deposits in many terminal basins of the Great Basin, and in doing so formally documented evidence for many classic Earth science concepts including uniformitarianism, isostasy and diastrophism, and glacial-interglacial cycles.
Now the application of stable isotope techniques and radiometric age determination provide the constraints necessary to disentangle the timing and magnitude of hydrologic change fro...
published: 21 Jan 2021
That Time It Rained for Two Million Years
Check out our podcast Eons: Mysteries of Deep Time: http://ow.ly/2J4450Iu69U
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
At the beginning of the Triassic Period, with the continents locked together from pole-to-pole in the supercontinent of Pangea, the world is hot, flat, and very, very dry. But then 234 million years ago, the climate suddenly changed for the wetter.
Thanks as always to Nobumichi Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/
Thanks to Franz Anthony, Julio Lacerda and Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here:
Julio Lacerda: https://252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda
Franz Anthony: https://252mya.com/gallery/franz-anthony
Produced fo...
published: 22 May 2018
The Other Flood: Lake Bonneville Flood on the Snake River
The Bonneville Flood was one of the largest floods on Earth. These flood features have been a rich source for understanding megaflood processes.
🌧 Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity.
🌧 In geology and climatology, a pluvial is either a modern climate characterized by relatively high precipitation, or an interval of time of variable length – decades to thousands of years – during which a climate is characterized by either relatively high precipitation or humidity
🌧 Rain is a drops of water from clouds
🌧 Rain and snow are key elements in the Earth's water cycle, which is vital to all life on Earth. Rainfall is the main way that the water in the skies comes down to Earth, where it fills our lakes and rivers, recharges the underground aquifers, and provides drinks to plants and animals.
🌧 ...
published: 20 Dec 2020
Great Salt Lake 4K | Utah | DJI Mavic Pro
DJI Mavic Pro flight over The Great Salt Lake in Utah. Make sure to watch in 4K. Enjoy!
My Camera Equipment:
Sony A6500: https://amzn.to/2TQOAQc
Sigma 30mm F1.4: https://amzn.to/2r9DRTK
Sigma 15mm F1.4: https://amzn.to/2KA11f0
Sony 16mm F2.8: https://amzn.to/2KAvVnu
DJI Mavic Pro: https://amzn.to/2TRQ7FY
Feiyu Tech A1000: https://amzn.to/2P4T2ra
Feiyu Tech Vimble 2: https://amzn.to/2FJal1n
SanDisk 256gb MicroSD: https://amzn.to/2PXPLzg
GoPro Hero 5: https://amzn.to/2KBVBjP
GoPro Hero 4: https://goo.gl/D1o3aS
Samsung Galaxy S8+: https://amzn.to/2PVyUgc
Aukey Camera Tripod 67": https://amzn.to/2PWnKrD
Prima Photo Small Travel Tripod: https://amzn.to/2TRtTUd
Joby Gorilla Pod 3K: https://amzn.to/2P6lTev
Feiyu Tech G4S 3-Axis Gimbal: https://amzn.to/2r3OhEG
The Great Salt Lake, located in ...
Presented by - Daniel Enrique Ibarra,
University of California, Berkeley
G.K. Gilbert’s 1890 monograph on Lake Bonneville for the United States Geological Surve...
Presented by - Daniel Enrique Ibarra,
University of California, Berkeley
G.K. Gilbert’s 1890 monograph on Lake Bonneville for the United States Geological Survey started over a century of research on Quaternary lakes in the American West that continues today with an increased need to forecast future water resources in the regions.
Early geologists documented extensive lacustrine shoreline deposits in many terminal basins of the Great Basin, and in doing so formally documented evidence for many classic Earth science concepts including uniformitarianism, isostasy and diastrophism, and glacial-interglacial cycles.
Now the application of stable isotope techniques and radiometric age determination provide the constraints necessary to disentangle the timing and magnitude of hydrologic change from shoreline deposits and lacustrine sediments.
In this talk, I will document the rapid rise to highstand conditions in Surprise Valley, California after, rather than during, the Last Glacial Maximum; also demonstrate that as the Laurentide ice sheet retreated the Great Basin lakes (Bonneville, Franklin, Lahontan, Surprise, Chewaucan and others) are not synchronous in their highstand timing due to sinuosity and steering of the westerly storm track; and model the increases in precipitation necessary to drive post-LGM highstand areas.I
n doing so the results presented will provide quantitative targets for assessing the performance of climate model simulations of the terrestrial water cycle during the LGM and subsequent deglaciation.
Presented by - Daniel Enrique Ibarra,
University of California, Berkeley
G.K. Gilbert’s 1890 monograph on Lake Bonneville for the United States Geological Survey started over a century of research on Quaternary lakes in the American West that continues today with an increased need to forecast future water resources in the regions.
Early geologists documented extensive lacustrine shoreline deposits in many terminal basins of the Great Basin, and in doing so formally documented evidence for many classic Earth science concepts including uniformitarianism, isostasy and diastrophism, and glacial-interglacial cycles.
Now the application of stable isotope techniques and radiometric age determination provide the constraints necessary to disentangle the timing and magnitude of hydrologic change from shoreline deposits and lacustrine sediments.
In this talk, I will document the rapid rise to highstand conditions in Surprise Valley, California after, rather than during, the Last Glacial Maximum; also demonstrate that as the Laurentide ice sheet retreated the Great Basin lakes (Bonneville, Franklin, Lahontan, Surprise, Chewaucan and others) are not synchronous in their highstand timing due to sinuosity and steering of the westerly storm track; and model the increases in precipitation necessary to drive post-LGM highstand areas.I
n doing so the results presented will provide quantitative targets for assessing the performance of climate model simulations of the terrestrial water cycle during the LGM and subsequent deglaciation.
Check out our podcast Eons: Mysteries of Deep Time: http://ow.ly/2J4450Iu69U
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to...
Check out our podcast Eons: Mysteries of Deep Time: http://ow.ly/2J4450Iu69U
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
At the beginning of the Triassic Period, with the continents locked together from pole-to-pole in the supercontinent of Pangea, the world is hot, flat, and very, very dry. But then 234 million years ago, the climate suddenly changed for the wetter.
Thanks as always to Nobumichi Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/
Thanks to Franz Anthony, Julio Lacerda and Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here:
Julio Lacerda: https://252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda
Franz Anthony: https://252mya.com/gallery/franz-anthony
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/
References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018214003253
http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0161457
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/413056
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03996-1
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/321/5895/1485.short
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/40/1/79/130736
https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/ttu-ir/bitstream/handle/2346/20221/31295008017864.pdf?sequence=1
http://www.jstor.org/stable/41684613?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018298001175
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018215003053
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00704.x
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018210001434
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018205005286
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/254/5029/263.full.pdf?casa_token=7g3gnYUD0gIAAAAA:PcbqrP5BLHUzxbhQgHKmNPI27ma_gB6Ph3nnFzWkXZZd4nPju5fE6ieeTv-4GAGCBxGnzMtu-xFK0g
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018209004805
http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/90239/1/Carnian%20humidity%20final%20version.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Simms4/publication/249546497_Climatic_and_biotic_change_in_the_Late_Triassic/links/56543f2b08ae1ef929767f3f.pdf
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/338/6105/366.short
http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/benton/reprints/1982triassic.pdf
Check out our podcast Eons: Mysteries of Deep Time: http://ow.ly/2J4450Iu69U
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
At the beginning of the Triassic Period, with the continents locked together from pole-to-pole in the supercontinent of Pangea, the world is hot, flat, and very, very dry. But then 234 million years ago, the climate suddenly changed for the wetter.
Thanks as always to Nobumichi Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/
Thanks to Franz Anthony, Julio Lacerda and Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here:
Julio Lacerda: https://252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda
Franz Anthony: https://252mya.com/gallery/franz-anthony
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/
References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018214003253
http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0161457
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/413056
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03996-1
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/321/5895/1485.short
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/40/1/79/130736
https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/ttu-ir/bitstream/handle/2346/20221/31295008017864.pdf?sequence=1
http://www.jstor.org/stable/41684613?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018298001175
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018215003053
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00704.x
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018210001434
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018205005286
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/254/5029/263.full.pdf?casa_token=7g3gnYUD0gIAAAAA:PcbqrP5BLHUzxbhQgHKmNPI27ma_gB6Ph3nnFzWkXZZd4nPju5fE6ieeTv-4GAGCBxGnzMtu-xFK0g
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018209004805
http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/90239/1/Carnian%20humidity%20final%20version.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Simms4/publication/249546497_Climatic_and_biotic_change_in_the_Late_Triassic/links/56543f2b08ae1ef929767f3f.pdf
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/338/6105/366.short
http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/benton/reprints/1982triassic.pdf
🌧 Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity.
🌧 ...
🌧 Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity.
🌧 In geology and climatology, a pluvial is either a modern climate characterized by relatively high precipitation, or an interval of time of variable length – decades to thousands of years – during which a climate is characterized by either relatively high precipitation or humidity
🌧 Rain is a drops of water from clouds
🌧 Rain and snow are key elements in the Earth's water cycle, which is vital to all life on Earth. Rainfall is the main way that the water in the skies comes down to Earth, where it fills our lakes and rivers, recharges the underground aquifers, and provides drinks to plants and animals.
🌧 The rate of rainfall is determined by a lot of rain in a short period tends to run off the land into streams rather than soak into the ground.
🌧 Rainfall has been classified into three main types based on the origin:
Convectional rainfall
Orographic or relief rainfall
Cyclonic or frontal rainfall
🌧 In Convectional Rainfall, The air on getting heated becomes light and rises in convection currents.
🌧 In Orographic Rainfall, When the saturated air mass comes across a mountain, it is forced to rise.
🌧 In Cyclonic Rainfall, Cyclonic activity causes cyclonic rain and it occurs along the fronts of the cyclone. When two masses of air of unlike density, temperature, and humidity meet then it is formed.
🌧 The types of rainfall based on intensity can be classified as the following : Light rain – Rate of rain varies between 0 to 2.5 millimeters
Moderate rain – Rate of rain varies between 2.6 millimeters to 7.6 millimeters
Heavy rain – Rate of rain is beyond 7.6 millimeters
🌧 Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity.
🌧 In geology and climatology, a pluvial is either a modern climate characterized by relatively high precipitation, or an interval of time of variable length – decades to thousands of years – during which a climate is characterized by either relatively high precipitation or humidity
🌧 Rain is a drops of water from clouds
🌧 Rain and snow are key elements in the Earth's water cycle, which is vital to all life on Earth. Rainfall is the main way that the water in the skies comes down to Earth, where it fills our lakes and rivers, recharges the underground aquifers, and provides drinks to plants and animals.
🌧 The rate of rainfall is determined by a lot of rain in a short period tends to run off the land into streams rather than soak into the ground.
🌧 Rainfall has been classified into three main types based on the origin:
Convectional rainfall
Orographic or relief rainfall
Cyclonic or frontal rainfall
🌧 In Convectional Rainfall, The air on getting heated becomes light and rises in convection currents.
🌧 In Orographic Rainfall, When the saturated air mass comes across a mountain, it is forced to rise.
🌧 In Cyclonic Rainfall, Cyclonic activity causes cyclonic rain and it occurs along the fronts of the cyclone. When two masses of air of unlike density, temperature, and humidity meet then it is formed.
🌧 The types of rainfall based on intensity can be classified as the following : Light rain – Rate of rain varies between 0 to 2.5 millimeters
Moderate rain – Rate of rain varies between 2.6 millimeters to 7.6 millimeters
Heavy rain – Rate of rain is beyond 7.6 millimeters
DJI Mavic Pro flight over The Great Salt Lake in Utah. Make sure to watch in 4K. Enjoy!
My Camera Equipment:
Sony A6500: https://amzn.to/2TQOAQc
Sigma 30mm F...
DJI Mavic Pro flight over The Great Salt Lake in Utah. Make sure to watch in 4K. Enjoy!
My Camera Equipment:
Sony A6500: https://amzn.to/2TQOAQc
Sigma 30mm F1.4: https://amzn.to/2r9DRTK
Sigma 15mm F1.4: https://amzn.to/2KA11f0
Sony 16mm F2.8: https://amzn.to/2KAvVnu
DJI Mavic Pro: https://amzn.to/2TRQ7FY
Feiyu Tech A1000: https://amzn.to/2P4T2ra
Feiyu Tech Vimble 2: https://amzn.to/2FJal1n
SanDisk 256gb MicroSD: https://amzn.to/2PXPLzg
GoPro Hero 5: https://amzn.to/2KBVBjP
GoPro Hero 4: https://goo.gl/D1o3aS
Samsung Galaxy S8+: https://amzn.to/2PVyUgc
Aukey Camera Tripod 67": https://amzn.to/2PWnKrD
Prima Photo Small Travel Tripod: https://amzn.to/2TRtTUd
Joby Gorilla Pod 3K: https://amzn.to/2P6lTev
Feiyu Tech G4S 3-Axis Gimbal: https://amzn.to/2r3OhEG
The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world. In an average year the lake covers an area of around 1,700 square miles, but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness. For instance, in 1963 it reached its lowest recorded size at 950 square miles, but in 1988 the surface area was at the historic high of 3,300 square miles . In terms of surface area, it is the largest lake in the United States that is not part of the Great Lakes region.
The lake is the largest remnant of Lake Bonneville, a prehistoric pluvial lake that once covered much of western Utah. The three major tributaries to the lake, the Jordan, Weber, and Bear rivers together deposit around 1.1 million tons of minerals in the lake each year. As it is endorheic (has no outlet besides evaporation), it has very high salinity (far saltier than seawater) and its mineral content is steadily increasing. Due to the high density resulting from its mineral content, swimming in the Great Salt Lake is similar to floating. Its shallow, warm waters cause frequent, sometimes heavy lake-effect snows from late fall through spring.
Although it has been called "America's Dead Sea", the lake provides habitat for millions of native birds, brine shrimp, shorebirds, and waterfowl, including the largest staging population of Wilson's phalarope in the world.
Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org/
DJI Mavic Pro flight over The Great Salt Lake in Utah. Make sure to watch in 4K. Enjoy!
My Camera Equipment:
Sony A6500: https://amzn.to/2TQOAQc
Sigma 30mm F1.4: https://amzn.to/2r9DRTK
Sigma 15mm F1.4: https://amzn.to/2KA11f0
Sony 16mm F2.8: https://amzn.to/2KAvVnu
DJI Mavic Pro: https://amzn.to/2TRQ7FY
Feiyu Tech A1000: https://amzn.to/2P4T2ra
Feiyu Tech Vimble 2: https://amzn.to/2FJal1n
SanDisk 256gb MicroSD: https://amzn.to/2PXPLzg
GoPro Hero 5: https://amzn.to/2KBVBjP
GoPro Hero 4: https://goo.gl/D1o3aS
Samsung Galaxy S8+: https://amzn.to/2PVyUgc
Aukey Camera Tripod 67": https://amzn.to/2PWnKrD
Prima Photo Small Travel Tripod: https://amzn.to/2TRtTUd
Joby Gorilla Pod 3K: https://amzn.to/2P6lTev
Feiyu Tech G4S 3-Axis Gimbal: https://amzn.to/2r3OhEG
The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world. In an average year the lake covers an area of around 1,700 square miles, but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness. For instance, in 1963 it reached its lowest recorded size at 950 square miles, but in 1988 the surface area was at the historic high of 3,300 square miles . In terms of surface area, it is the largest lake in the United States that is not part of the Great Lakes region.
The lake is the largest remnant of Lake Bonneville, a prehistoric pluvial lake that once covered much of western Utah. The three major tributaries to the lake, the Jordan, Weber, and Bear rivers together deposit around 1.1 million tons of minerals in the lake each year. As it is endorheic (has no outlet besides evaporation), it has very high salinity (far saltier than seawater) and its mineral content is steadily increasing. Due to the high density resulting from its mineral content, swimming in the Great Salt Lake is similar to floating. Its shallow, warm waters cause frequent, sometimes heavy lake-effect snows from late fall through spring.
Although it has been called "America's Dead Sea", the lake provides habitat for millions of native birds, brine shrimp, shorebirds, and waterfowl, including the largest staging population of Wilson's phalarope in the world.
Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org/
Presented by - Daniel Enrique Ibarra,
University of California, Berkeley
G.K. Gilbert’s 1890 monograph on Lake Bonneville for the United States Geological Survey started over a century of research on Quaternary lakes in the American West that continues today with an increased need to forecast future water resources in the regions.
Early geologists documented extensive lacustrine shoreline deposits in many terminal basins of the Great Basin, and in doing so formally documented evidence for many classic Earth science concepts including uniformitarianism, isostasy and diastrophism, and glacial-interglacial cycles.
Now the application of stable isotope techniques and radiometric age determination provide the constraints necessary to disentangle the timing and magnitude of hydrologic change from shoreline deposits and lacustrine sediments.
In this talk, I will document the rapid rise to highstand conditions in Surprise Valley, California after, rather than during, the Last Glacial Maximum; also demonstrate that as the Laurentide ice sheet retreated the Great Basin lakes (Bonneville, Franklin, Lahontan, Surprise, Chewaucan and others) are not synchronous in their highstand timing due to sinuosity and steering of the westerly storm track; and model the increases in precipitation necessary to drive post-LGM highstand areas.I
n doing so the results presented will provide quantitative targets for assessing the performance of climate model simulations of the terrestrial water cycle during the LGM and subsequent deglaciation.
Check out our podcast Eons: Mysteries of Deep Time: http://ow.ly/2J4450Iu69U
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
At the beginning of the Triassic Period, with the continents locked together from pole-to-pole in the supercontinent of Pangea, the world is hot, flat, and very, very dry. But then 234 million years ago, the climate suddenly changed for the wetter.
Thanks as always to Nobumichi Tamura for allowing us to use his wonderful paleoart: http://spinops.blogspot.com/
Thanks to Franz Anthony, Julio Lacerda and Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here:
Julio Lacerda: https://252mya.com/gallery/julio-lacerda
Franz Anthony: https://252mya.com/gallery/franz-anthony
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/
References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018214003253
http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0161457
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/413056
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03996-1
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/321/5895/1485.short
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/40/1/79/130736
https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/ttu-ir/bitstream/handle/2346/20221/31295008017864.pdf?sequence=1
http://www.jstor.org/stable/41684613?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018298001175
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018215003053
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00704.x
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018210001434
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018205005286
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/254/5029/263.full.pdf?casa_token=7g3gnYUD0gIAAAAA:PcbqrP5BLHUzxbhQgHKmNPI27ma_gB6Ph3nnFzWkXZZd4nPju5fE6ieeTv-4GAGCBxGnzMtu-xFK0g
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018209004805
http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/90239/1/Carnian%20humidity%20final%20version.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Simms4/publication/249546497_Climatic_and_biotic_change_in_the_Late_Triassic/links/56543f2b08ae1ef929767f3f.pdf
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/338/6105/366.short
http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/benton/reprints/1982triassic.pdf
🌧 Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity.
🌧 In geology and climatology, a pluvial is either a modern climate characterized by relatively high precipitation, or an interval of time of variable length – decades to thousands of years – during which a climate is characterized by either relatively high precipitation or humidity
🌧 Rain is a drops of water from clouds
🌧 Rain and snow are key elements in the Earth's water cycle, which is vital to all life on Earth. Rainfall is the main way that the water in the skies comes down to Earth, where it fills our lakes and rivers, recharges the underground aquifers, and provides drinks to plants and animals.
🌧 The rate of rainfall is determined by a lot of rain in a short period tends to run off the land into streams rather than soak into the ground.
🌧 Rainfall has been classified into three main types based on the origin:
Convectional rainfall
Orographic or relief rainfall
Cyclonic or frontal rainfall
🌧 In Convectional Rainfall, The air on getting heated becomes light and rises in convection currents.
🌧 In Orographic Rainfall, When the saturated air mass comes across a mountain, it is forced to rise.
🌧 In Cyclonic Rainfall, Cyclonic activity causes cyclonic rain and it occurs along the fronts of the cyclone. When two masses of air of unlike density, temperature, and humidity meet then it is formed.
🌧 The types of rainfall based on intensity can be classified as the following : Light rain – Rate of rain varies between 0 to 2.5 millimeters
Moderate rain – Rate of rain varies between 2.6 millimeters to 7.6 millimeters
Heavy rain – Rate of rain is beyond 7.6 millimeters
DJI Mavic Pro flight over The Great Salt Lake in Utah. Make sure to watch in 4K. Enjoy!
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The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world. In an average year the lake covers an area of around 1,700 square miles, but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness. For instance, in 1963 it reached its lowest recorded size at 950 square miles, but in 1988 the surface area was at the historic high of 3,300 square miles . In terms of surface area, it is the largest lake in the United States that is not part of the Great Lakes region.
The lake is the largest remnant of Lake Bonneville, a prehistoric pluvial lake that once covered much of western Utah. The three major tributaries to the lake, the Jordan, Weber, and Bear rivers together deposit around 1.1 million tons of minerals in the lake each year. As it is endorheic (has no outlet besides evaporation), it has very high salinity (far saltier than seawater) and its mineral content is steadily increasing. Due to the high density resulting from its mineral content, swimming in the Great Salt Lake is similar to floating. Its shallow, warm waters cause frequent, sometimes heavy lake-effect snows from late fall through spring.
Although it has been called "America's Dead Sea", the lake provides habitat for millions of native birds, brine shrimp, shorebirds, and waterfowl, including the largest staging population of Wilson's phalarope in the world.
Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org/
A pluvial lake is a landlocked basin (endorheic basin) which fills with rainwater during times of glaciation, when precipitation is higher. Pluvial lakes that have since evaporated and dried out may also be referred to as paleolakes.
Etymology
The word pluvial comes from the Latin pluvia, which means "rain".
Geology
Pluvial lakes represent changes in the hydrological cycle — wet cycles generate large lakes, whereas dry cycles cause the lakes to dry up leaving large flat plains. Accumulated sediments show the variation in water level. During glacial periods, times when the lake level is fairly high, mud sediments will settle out and be deposited. At times in between glaciers (interglacial), salt deposits may be present due to the arid climate and evaporation of lake water.
Several pluvial lakes formed in what is now the southwestern United States during the glaciation of the late Pleistocene epoch. One of these was Lake Bonneville in western Utah which covered roughly 19,000 square miles (49,000km2). When Lake Bonneville was at its maximum water level, it was 1,000 feet (300m) higher than the Great Salt Lake.
SHARJAH / WAM... According to scientists, short climatic changes every 20,000 years, made the area fluctuate between an arid desert and a pluvial environment with water gathering in lakes and flowing along the wadi channels ... ....
Sheikha Bodour Bint Sultan Al Qasimi ... According to scientists, short climatic changes every 20,000 years, made the area fluctuate between an arid desert and a pluvial environment with water gathering in lakes and flowing along the wadi channels ... WAM. .
Sharjah...Global significance ... She added ... UAE ... According to scientists, short climatic changes every 20,000 years, made the area fluctuate between an arid desert and a pluvial environment with water gathering in lakes and flowing along the wadi channels ... .
LARRY HYSLOP ElkoDaily Correspondent ... An area receiving more is considered simply arid ... Wet years of 1983-84 saw a large expansion of the GreatSaltLake ... Several pluvial lakes in this area filled with water but were again dry by the dry year of 1992 ... .
The Bonneville Shoreline Trail is a mixed-use recreation trail that roughly follows the shoreline of the ancient LakeBonneville, a prehistoric pluvial lake ...Salt Lake City to extend pause on foothills trail project after concerns over first phase.