Persia was formally neutral in World War I. In reality, Persian forces were affected by the rivalry between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers and took sides based on the conditions. Western interest in Persia was based on its significant oil reserve and its strategic situation between Afghanistan and the warring Ottoman, Russian, and British Empires. Persia was divided into northern and southern spheres of influence under the Anglo-Russian Treaty of 1907, with the Russians naturally having gained the northern part adjacent to their holdings in the Caucasus, while the British took the south. The convention capped off several decades of the Great Game between the Russians and British. The treaty included thus their respective spheres of influence in Persia as well, and provided a further counterweight to German influence.
Russo-Persian War, 1722–1723, known in Russian historiography as the Persian campaign of Peter the Great, was a war between Russia and Persia (Safavid Iran), triggered by the tsar's attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian and Caucasus regions and to prevent its rival, Ottoman Empire, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of declining Safavid Iran.
The territories remained in Russian hands for 9 and 12 years, when respectively according the Treaty of Resht of 1732 and the Treaty of Ganja of 1735, they were returned to Iran.
Campaign
Preparations
Before the war the nominal Russian border was the Terek River. South of that the Khanates of Dagestan were nominal vassals of Persia. The ultimate cause of the war was Russia’s desire to expand to the southeast and the temporary weakness of Persia. At the start of the war the Persian capital was under siege. The immediate pretext was the plunder of some Russian merchants by mountaineers who were said to be subjects of the Persian territory of Shirvan. In 1714-20 several Russian sailors had mapped the Caspian. On 15 July 1722 Peter issued a manifesto in several local languages justifying the invasion drawn up by Dimitrie Cantemir. Peter gathered 22,000 infantry, 9,000 dragoons and 70,000 Cossacks, Kalmukhs and Tatars. For transport he created the Caspian Flotilla at Astrakhan under Fyodor Apraksin. The infantry, artillery and stores were to be shipped by sea to the mouth of the Sulak River while the cavalry went overland from Tsaritsyn and Mozdok.
A follow-on TIRANNT CampaignAnalysis, which began in October 2003, calculated the results of different scenarios for action against Iran to provide options for analyzing courses of action in an updated Iran war plan.
Images... Mehreen ... Images ... But Nadaan explores serious societal issues ... Mehreen ... Images ... Mehreen ... One campaign, shared in six languages — including Urdu, Vietnamese, Arabic, and Persian — aimed to reach diverse audiences and address these critical themes ... .
Light rain dampened turnout for the annual Veterans DayCeremony, but some quick thinking allowed the memorial to continue unabated ... We spent a year sailing the Persian Gulf to support the ongoing Operation Iraqi Freedom war campaign.” ... “We served.
the Crusades; Islamic political thought; mediaeval and modern concepts of jihad; Arabic and Persian travelogues ... the Nizaris of Alamūt under Hassna Sabariwere pursuing vigorous proselytising campaigns.
But the market for eunuchs was evidently larger than just the Persian court ...Bagoas had served in Persian king Artaxerxes III’s campaign against Egypt, and rose to the rank of Chiliarch (the leader of the royal infantry guard).
But the market for eunuchs was evidently larger than just the Persian court ...Bagoas had served in Persian king Artaxerxes III's campaign against Egypt, and rose to the rank of Chiliarch (the leader of the royal infantry guard).
A follow-on TIRANNT CampaignAnalysis, which began in October 2003, calculated the results of different scenarios for action against Iran to provide options for analyzing courses of action in an updated Iran war plan.
Israel and its allies must now brace for a vigorous campaign of conventional and unconventional counterstrikes, not just from Shi’ite Islam’s true believers but also from its Persian patrons.
For Nasim Behrouz, co-founder and Persian-language spokesperson for Iranians for Trump —which is not formally part of the Trump campaign — the Biden administration’s Iran policy has failed spectacularly.
