-
Ancient Greek city in Southern Italy - VALLO DELLA LUCANIA
.I am in the town of Vallo della Lucania .in.southern italy...let me
show you the town piazza...the name means Valley of the Lucani....now Lucani refers to the
ancient people of Greek origin who lived here in the 5th century BC….they were a fierce warrior tribe
who had conquered the Oenotrians an even earlier greek people whom according to legend
arrived here at the beginning of the Iron Age , during the 11 century BC...interestingly, the Lucani
lived under a democratic constitution…...the town as we know it today dates from the 13 century
AD and in the 19th century, for a brief period of time, it was under French control as part of
Napoleon's empire
From here you can see the mythical Mount Gelbison on top of which is located a sacred shrine
commemorating an appearance of the ...
published: 30 Aug 2016
-
Origin of Lusitanians: A Journey Through Ancient Portugal
The Lusitanians were an ancient Indo-European people who inhabited the region of modern-day Portugal during the Iron Age. They were one of several Celtic tribes living on the Iberian Peninsula. The Lusitanians are most notably remembered for their resistance against Roman conquest during the Roman Republic's expansion into the Iberian Peninsula in the 2nd century BCE. Led by charismatic leaders like Viriathus, the Lusitanians waged a series of guerrilla warfare campaigns against Roman forces, inflicting significant losses and delaying Roman control over the region. Despite their efforts, the Lusitanians were eventually subdued by the Romans, and their territory became part of the Roman province of Lusitania. The legacy of the Lusitanians lives on in Portuguese culture and history.
🌄 Welc...
published: 30 Jan 2024
-
Curiosity about the Italian Regions (Le Regioni Italiane)
When did the Italian regions get their current names and where do they come from?
In alphabetical order, here are the regions:
#abruzzo , from aprutium, land of the Pretuzi, an Italic population of the area of Sabine origin.
For others from the Latin abruptus (steep, steep).
#basilicata also called Lucania by the people of the Lucanians, a people of Oscan origin. The name Basilicata instead derives from basileus, the name by which the king was called in the Eastern Roman Empire. In ancient times the region was part of the Byzantine Empire. One of the smallest regions!
#calabria from the people of the Galabri or Galábrioi or Calabri, a people from Kosovo. For others it derives from the ancient Greek kalón-brion, a land where beauty arises.
#campania from the people of Campani, an...
published: 12 Oct 2022
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Lucani vs Rome - Total War: Rome 2 Cinematic Battle - Pyrrhus the Great Campaign Mod
Music is from Total War: Rome 2, Assassins Creed: Origins, and A Total War Saga: Troy.
Consider liking the video and leaving a comment, it helps out more than you think. I'll provide a list of the mods used in the pinned comment.
published: 05 Aug 2021
-
Who Were The Carthaginians? | Ancient Carthage Documentary
Welcome to Chapter 4 of the series! This 1st episode takes a look at the Carthaginian Empire's beginnings from the late 800s BCE as rulers of the West Mediterranean, until its inevitable clash with Rome in the 200s BCE.
Carthage was a settlement in modern Tunisia that later became a city-state and then an empire. Founded by the Phoenicians in the ninth century BC, it would survive until the Roman siege. At its height in the fourth century BC, Carthage was one of the largest metropolises in the world, and the centre of the Carthaginian Empire, a major power in the ancient world that dominated the western Mediterranean.
Carthage was settled around 814 BC by colonists from Tyre, a leading Phoenician city-state located in present day Lebanon. In the seventh century BC, following Phoenicia's...
published: 29 Jun 2022
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Ancient Paestum: City of the Greeks and Romans
Ancient Paestum - City of the Greeks and Romans - was a major ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia. After its foundation by Greek colonists under the name of Poseidonia it was eventually conquered by the Lucanians and later the Romans.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFdKnjmeaUvJ4ZJmENHwCCA
published: 07 Oct 2015
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Basilicata Italy: Uncovering the Hidden Gems of Southern Italy
🏛️Basilicata Italy: Uncovering the Hidden Gems of Southern Italy
🗺️Destinations Visited:
-Matera, the unique and ancient city of The Basilicata region of Italy.
-Castelmezzano, the unique village located in the Dolomiti Lucane.
-Craco, the hauntingly beautiful, abandoned city of Basilicata.
-Pietrapertosa, the dramatic landscapes, and unique views of Basilicata.
-Maratea, the beautiful coastal city of Basilicata.
👋 Welcome to our channel! In this captivating video, we invite you to embark on an awe-inspiring journey through the mesmerizing region of Basilicata in Southern Italy. Known for its hidden gems and rich cultural heritage, Basilicata is a true gem waiting to be discovered. Immerse yourself in the enchanting landscapes of this remarkable region as we take you on a virtual tour. ...
published: 20 Nov 2023
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STRANGE Ancient Archeological Discoveries
From long forgotten abandoned cities to incredible lucky finds, these are some of the strangest ancient archeological discoveries that changed our perception of history and humanity ! Dive in :D
HEY YOU ! There are more awesome videos being made every week, like and subscribe to World Unearthed so you don't miss a beat !
8 The cave of Altamira
Cave paintings are nothing new, literally they are thousands of years old. In 1879 a little eight-year-old girl was hiking with her father who was an amateur archaeologist. You'll never guess what they found! a cave entrance in the mountains of Spain that contains some drawings more than 35,000 years old. The unreal cave was then closed to the public due to people disrupting the conditions; however a replica was created for people to enjoy at th...
published: 25 Aug 2021
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5 Creepy Unidentified People
A so-called “Albert Johnson” was responsible for a massive manhunt in Canada's Yukon territory in 1931. He was hunted down by dozens of Canadian authorities for 48 days until they finally caught him.
The chase grabbed the media's attention because of the theatrics involved as the events unfolded. And it also turned out that Albert Johnson was not his real identity.
In July 1931, a clean-shaven man with a seemingly Scandinavian accent arrived at Fort McPherson, the only community along the Peel River.
The man ventured into the Mackenzie River area on his own. He then built a small cabin on the banks of the nearby Rat River. Nobody knew anything about him or what he was doing in such a remote location.
On December 31, Canadian officers received allegations from neighboring trappers that ...
published: 01 Apr 2021
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Taras - Ancient Italy - Ancient History and Anthropology
Hey guys, here´s the last episode of the Ancient History series
I am already thinking of what to cover next but don´t stop yourself from giving me your suggestions down below
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Ipernick_
Steam: http://steamcommunity.com/id/Iperland
Second Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7WG
published: 25 Nov 2018
3:24
Ancient Greek city in Southern Italy - VALLO DELLA LUCANIA
.I am in the town of Vallo della Lucania .in.southern italy...let me
show you the town piazza...the name means Valley of the Lucani....now Lucani refers to th...
.I am in the town of Vallo della Lucania .in.southern italy...let me
show you the town piazza...the name means Valley of the Lucani....now Lucani refers to the
ancient people of Greek origin who lived here in the 5th century BC….they were a fierce warrior tribe
who had conquered the Oenotrians an even earlier greek people whom according to legend
arrived here at the beginning of the Iron Age , during the 11 century BC...interestingly, the Lucani
lived under a democratic constitution…...the town as we know it today dates from the 13 century
AD and in the 19th century, for a brief period of time, it was under French control as part of
Napoleon's empire
From here you can see the mythical Mount Gelbison on top of which is located a sacred shrine
commemorating an appearance of the virgin Mary….religious pilgrims have
been trekking up there for over a thousand years...but here is a fascinating fact, the shrine is
built on top of another shrine built to honor the ancient Greek goddess Hera built some time
In the 5th century BC to whom pilgrimages were also being made even back then...interestingly,
the goddess Hera, not unlike the Virgin Mary was portrayed as majestic and solemn
______________________________________________________________________
The food here has an incredible genuine and natural taste...a specialty which originated here is
Ciambrotta which is a delicious stew of a number of local fresh vegetables and sausages and
the regional wine and olive oil is considered by Buongustai as among the best in the world...today,
Vallo della Lucania, a city of about nine thousand people, is indeed a gem….beautiful, well
organized, clean, there is no poverty here, very little crime with state of the art trash collection
and free internet for its citizens...so much for the perils of socialism
https://wn.com/Ancient_Greek_City_In_Southern_Italy_Vallo_Della_Lucania
.I am in the town of Vallo della Lucania .in.southern italy...let me
show you the town piazza...the name means Valley of the Lucani....now Lucani refers to the
ancient people of Greek origin who lived here in the 5th century BC….they were a fierce warrior tribe
who had conquered the Oenotrians an even earlier greek people whom according to legend
arrived here at the beginning of the Iron Age , during the 11 century BC...interestingly, the Lucani
lived under a democratic constitution…...the town as we know it today dates from the 13 century
AD and in the 19th century, for a brief period of time, it was under French control as part of
Napoleon's empire
From here you can see the mythical Mount Gelbison on top of which is located a sacred shrine
commemorating an appearance of the virgin Mary….religious pilgrims have
been trekking up there for over a thousand years...but here is a fascinating fact, the shrine is
built on top of another shrine built to honor the ancient Greek goddess Hera built some time
In the 5th century BC to whom pilgrimages were also being made even back then...interestingly,
the goddess Hera, not unlike the Virgin Mary was portrayed as majestic and solemn
______________________________________________________________________
The food here has an incredible genuine and natural taste...a specialty which originated here is
Ciambrotta which is a delicious stew of a number of local fresh vegetables and sausages and
the regional wine and olive oil is considered by Buongustai as among the best in the world...today,
Vallo della Lucania, a city of about nine thousand people, is indeed a gem….beautiful, well
organized, clean, there is no poverty here, very little crime with state of the art trash collection
and free internet for its citizens...so much for the perils of socialism
- published: 30 Aug 2016
- views: 1429
10:41
Origin of Lusitanians: A Journey Through Ancient Portugal
The Lusitanians were an ancient Indo-European people who inhabited the region of modern-day Portugal during the Iron Age. They were one of several Celtic tribes...
The Lusitanians were an ancient Indo-European people who inhabited the region of modern-day Portugal during the Iron Age. They were one of several Celtic tribes living on the Iberian Peninsula. The Lusitanians are most notably remembered for their resistance against Roman conquest during the Roman Republic's expansion into the Iberian Peninsula in the 2nd century BCE. Led by charismatic leaders like Viriathus, the Lusitanians waged a series of guerrilla warfare campaigns against Roman forces, inflicting significant losses and delaying Roman control over the region. Despite their efforts, the Lusitanians were eventually subdued by the Romans, and their territory became part of the Roman province of Lusitania. The legacy of the Lusitanians lives on in Portuguese culture and history.
🌄 Welcome, history enthusiasts, to an enthralling journey through the mists of time as we uncover the origin of the Lusitanians—a captivating odyssey through the ancient lands of Portugal! 🏰 In this video, we'll traverse the landscapes of antiquity, delving into the origins, culture, and legacy of the enigmatic Lusitanian people.
🌿 **Ancient Roots:**
Step back into the depths of prehistory and explore the ancient roots of the Lusitanians. Journey through the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, where indigenous tribes inhabited the rugged terrain of the Iberian Peninsula, laying the foundations for the emergence of the Lusitanian culture.
⛰️ **Land of Lusitania:**
Discover the ancient land of Lusitania, a region encompassing present-day Portugal and parts of western Spain. Explore its diverse landscapes—from the fertile plains of the Tagus River to the rugged mountains of the interior—that shaped the way of life and identity of the Lusitanian people.
🗡️ **Warrior Culture:**
Unveil the warrior culture that defined the Lusitanians. Learn about their fierce resistance against foreign invaders, including the Carthaginians, Romans, and later, the Visigoths and Moors, as they defended their homeland with valor and tenacity.
🏛️ **Encounters with Rome:**
Witness the encounters between the Lusitanians and the mighty Roman Empire. Explore the epic conflicts, such as the Lusitanian Wars led by leaders like Viriathus, as well as the eventual incorporation of Lusitania into the Roman province of Hispania.
🌊 **Maritime Exploration:**
Embark on a voyage of maritime exploration with the ancient Lusitanians. Discover their seafaring skills and navigational prowess as they ventured into the
Atlantic Ocean, exploring new territories and establishing trade routes along the coast of Africa and beyond.
🎨 **Art and Culture:**
Immerse yourself in the vibrant art and culture of the Lusitanians. Explore their unique artistic expressions, including megalithic monuments, intricate metalwork, and distinctive pottery, which reflect their spiritual beliefs, social structures, and everyday life.
🔍 **Archaeological Discoveries:**
Delve into the realm of archaeology and recent discoveries shedding new light on the ancient Lusitanians. Learn about excavations, artifacts, and scientific analyses that offer insights into their settlements, burial practices, and interactions with neighboring civilizations.
🌟 **Legacy of Lusitania:**
Reflect on the enduring legacy of Lusitania in the cultural tapestry of Portugal and beyond. Explore how elements of Lusitanian heritage—from language and folklore to customs and traditions—continue to resonate in the identity of modern-day Portugal and its people.
🔗 **Connect with Ancient Portugal:**
For those captivated by the mysteries and marvels of ancient civilizations, don't forget to subscribe, like, and share this video. Join our community of history enthusiasts as we continue to unravel the rich tapestry of human heritage and celebrate the legacy of ancient Portugal.
👁️🗨️ **#LusitanianOrigins #AncientPortugal #IberianHistory**
🌟 **Stay Curious, Stay Informed:**
Stay tuned for more enthralling explorations into the annals of history. From forgotten civilizations to enduring legacies, our channel is dedicated to bringing you content that sparks curiosity and fosters a deeper appreciation for the rich tapestry of human heritage. Let's unlock the secrets together! 🗝️#ancientcivilizations ,#History, #HistoricalFacts, #WorldHistory, #AncientHistory, #HistoricalEvents, #HistoricalFigures, #HistoryChannel, #HistoryLessons, #HistoricalKnowledge, #HistoricalMysteries, #HistoryEnthusiast, #HistoricalTimeline, #HistoricalSites, #HistoricalResearch, #HistoryDocumentary, #HistoricalEducation, #HistoricalTopics
#Lusitanians ,#Portugal ,#Exploration ,#Culture ,#Heritage ,#IberianPeninsula ,#Lusitania ,#Archaeology ,#Mythology ,#Travel ,#Adventures ,#HistoricalFacts ,#PortugueseHistory ,#DiscoverLusitanians ,#PortugueseCulture ,#ExplorePortugal ,#AncientWorld ,#FamousWarriors ,#LusitanianEmpire ,#IntriguingHistory ,#FascinatingDiscoveries ,#LostCivilizations ,#HistoricalMysteries ,#LusitanianHeritage
https://wn.com/Origin_Of_Lusitanians_A_Journey_Through_Ancient_Portugal
The Lusitanians were an ancient Indo-European people who inhabited the region of modern-day Portugal during the Iron Age. They were one of several Celtic tribes living on the Iberian Peninsula. The Lusitanians are most notably remembered for their resistance against Roman conquest during the Roman Republic's expansion into the Iberian Peninsula in the 2nd century BCE. Led by charismatic leaders like Viriathus, the Lusitanians waged a series of guerrilla warfare campaigns against Roman forces, inflicting significant losses and delaying Roman control over the region. Despite their efforts, the Lusitanians were eventually subdued by the Romans, and their territory became part of the Roman province of Lusitania. The legacy of the Lusitanians lives on in Portuguese culture and history.
🌄 Welcome, history enthusiasts, to an enthralling journey through the mists of time as we uncover the origin of the Lusitanians—a captivating odyssey through the ancient lands of Portugal! 🏰 In this video, we'll traverse the landscapes of antiquity, delving into the origins, culture, and legacy of the enigmatic Lusitanian people.
🌿 **Ancient Roots:**
Step back into the depths of prehistory and explore the ancient roots of the Lusitanians. Journey through the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, where indigenous tribes inhabited the rugged terrain of the Iberian Peninsula, laying the foundations for the emergence of the Lusitanian culture.
⛰️ **Land of Lusitania:**
Discover the ancient land of Lusitania, a region encompassing present-day Portugal and parts of western Spain. Explore its diverse landscapes—from the fertile plains of the Tagus River to the rugged mountains of the interior—that shaped the way of life and identity of the Lusitanian people.
🗡️ **Warrior Culture:**
Unveil the warrior culture that defined the Lusitanians. Learn about their fierce resistance against foreign invaders, including the Carthaginians, Romans, and later, the Visigoths and Moors, as they defended their homeland with valor and tenacity.
🏛️ **Encounters with Rome:**
Witness the encounters between the Lusitanians and the mighty Roman Empire. Explore the epic conflicts, such as the Lusitanian Wars led by leaders like Viriathus, as well as the eventual incorporation of Lusitania into the Roman province of Hispania.
🌊 **Maritime Exploration:**
Embark on a voyage of maritime exploration with the ancient Lusitanians. Discover their seafaring skills and navigational prowess as they ventured into the
Atlantic Ocean, exploring new territories and establishing trade routes along the coast of Africa and beyond.
🎨 **Art and Culture:**
Immerse yourself in the vibrant art and culture of the Lusitanians. Explore their unique artistic expressions, including megalithic monuments, intricate metalwork, and distinctive pottery, which reflect their spiritual beliefs, social structures, and everyday life.
🔍 **Archaeological Discoveries:**
Delve into the realm of archaeology and recent discoveries shedding new light on the ancient Lusitanians. Learn about excavations, artifacts, and scientific analyses that offer insights into their settlements, burial practices, and interactions with neighboring civilizations.
🌟 **Legacy of Lusitania:**
Reflect on the enduring legacy of Lusitania in the cultural tapestry of Portugal and beyond. Explore how elements of Lusitanian heritage—from language and folklore to customs and traditions—continue to resonate in the identity of modern-day Portugal and its people.
🔗 **Connect with Ancient Portugal:**
For those captivated by the mysteries and marvels of ancient civilizations, don't forget to subscribe, like, and share this video. Join our community of history enthusiasts as we continue to unravel the rich tapestry of human heritage and celebrate the legacy of ancient Portugal.
👁️🗨️ **#LusitanianOrigins #AncientPortugal #IberianHistory**
🌟 **Stay Curious, Stay Informed:**
Stay tuned for more enthralling explorations into the annals of history. From forgotten civilizations to enduring legacies, our channel is dedicated to bringing you content that sparks curiosity and fosters a deeper appreciation for the rich tapestry of human heritage. Let's unlock the secrets together! 🗝️#ancientcivilizations ,#History, #HistoricalFacts, #WorldHistory, #AncientHistory, #HistoricalEvents, #HistoricalFigures, #HistoryChannel, #HistoryLessons, #HistoricalKnowledge, #HistoricalMysteries, #HistoryEnthusiast, #HistoricalTimeline, #HistoricalSites, #HistoricalResearch, #HistoryDocumentary, #HistoricalEducation, #HistoricalTopics
#Lusitanians ,#Portugal ,#Exploration ,#Culture ,#Heritage ,#IberianPeninsula ,#Lusitania ,#Archaeology ,#Mythology ,#Travel ,#Adventures ,#HistoricalFacts ,#PortugueseHistory ,#DiscoverLusitanians ,#PortugueseCulture ,#ExplorePortugal ,#AncientWorld ,#FamousWarriors ,#LusitanianEmpire ,#IntriguingHistory ,#FascinatingDiscoveries ,#LostCivilizations ,#HistoricalMysteries ,#LusitanianHeritage
- published: 30 Jan 2024
- views: 999
4:58
Curiosity about the Italian Regions (Le Regioni Italiane)
When did the Italian regions get their current names and where do they come from?
In alphabetical order, here are the regions:
#abruzzo , from aprutium, land ...
When did the Italian regions get their current names and where do they come from?
In alphabetical order, here are the regions:
#abruzzo , from aprutium, land of the Pretuzi, an Italic population of the area of Sabine origin.
For others from the Latin abruptus (steep, steep).
#basilicata also called Lucania by the people of the Lucanians, a people of Oscan origin. The name Basilicata instead derives from basileus, the name by which the king was called in the Eastern Roman Empire. In ancient times the region was part of the Byzantine Empire. One of the smallest regions!
#calabria from the people of the Galabri or Galábrioi or Calabri, a people from Kosovo. For others it derives from the ancient Greek kalón-brion, a land where beauty arises.
#campania from the people of Campani, an Italic people of Oscan origin. For others from campus, open field. One of the most "felix" regions!
#emiliaromagna . Emilia by the consul Marco Emilio Lepido of the gens Aemilia who had the street that bears his name built (via Emilia). Romagna from Romània, not the homonymous nation but intended as a Roman territory as opposed to the Lombard one.
https://www.fenomenologia.net/curiosita/le-regioni-italiane/
https://wn.com/Curiosity_About_The_Italian_Regions_(Le_Regioni_Italiane)
When did the Italian regions get their current names and where do they come from?
In alphabetical order, here are the regions:
#abruzzo , from aprutium, land of the Pretuzi, an Italic population of the area of Sabine origin.
For others from the Latin abruptus (steep, steep).
#basilicata also called Lucania by the people of the Lucanians, a people of Oscan origin. The name Basilicata instead derives from basileus, the name by which the king was called in the Eastern Roman Empire. In ancient times the region was part of the Byzantine Empire. One of the smallest regions!
#calabria from the people of the Galabri or Galábrioi or Calabri, a people from Kosovo. For others it derives from the ancient Greek kalón-brion, a land where beauty arises.
#campania from the people of Campani, an Italic people of Oscan origin. For others from campus, open field. One of the most "felix" regions!
#emiliaromagna . Emilia by the consul Marco Emilio Lepido of the gens Aemilia who had the street that bears his name built (via Emilia). Romagna from Romània, not the homonymous nation but intended as a Roman territory as opposed to the Lombard one.
https://www.fenomenologia.net/curiosita/le-regioni-italiane/
- published: 12 Oct 2022
- views: 1055
3:23
Lucani vs Rome - Total War: Rome 2 Cinematic Battle - Pyrrhus the Great Campaign Mod
Music is from Total War: Rome 2, Assassins Creed: Origins, and A Total War Saga: Troy.
Consider liking the video and leaving a comment, it helps out more than...
Music is from Total War: Rome 2, Assassins Creed: Origins, and A Total War Saga: Troy.
Consider liking the video and leaving a comment, it helps out more than you think. I'll provide a list of the mods used in the pinned comment.
https://wn.com/Lucani_Vs_Rome_Total_War_Rome_2_Cinematic_Battle_Pyrrhus_The_Great_Campaign_Mod
Music is from Total War: Rome 2, Assassins Creed: Origins, and A Total War Saga: Troy.
Consider liking the video and leaving a comment, it helps out more than you think. I'll provide a list of the mods used in the pinned comment.
- published: 05 Aug 2021
- views: 5126
9:05
Who Were The Carthaginians? | Ancient Carthage Documentary
Welcome to Chapter 4 of the series! This 1st episode takes a look at the Carthaginian Empire's beginnings from the late 800s BCE as rulers of the West Mediterra...
Welcome to Chapter 4 of the series! This 1st episode takes a look at the Carthaginian Empire's beginnings from the late 800s BCE as rulers of the West Mediterranean, until its inevitable clash with Rome in the 200s BCE.
Carthage was a settlement in modern Tunisia that later became a city-state and then an empire. Founded by the Phoenicians in the ninth century BC, it would survive until the Roman siege. At its height in the fourth century BC, Carthage was one of the largest metropolises in the world, and the centre of the Carthaginian Empire, a major power in the ancient world that dominated the western Mediterranean.
Carthage was settled around 814 BC by colonists from Tyre, a leading Phoenician city-state located in present day Lebanon. In the seventh century BC, following Phoenicia's conquest by the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Carthage became independent, gradually expanding its economic and political hegemony across the western Mediterranean. By 300 BC, through its vast patchwork of colonies, vassals, and satellite states, Carthage controlled the largest territory in the region, including the coast of northwest Africa, southern Iberia (Spain, Portugal, and Gibraltar) and the islands of Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Malta, and the Balearic archipelago.
Among the ancient world's largest and richest cities, Carthage's strategic location provided access to abundant fertile land and major maritime trade routes. Its extensive mercantile network reached as far as west Asia, west Africa and northern Europe, providing an array of commodities from all over the ancient world, in addition to lucrative exports of agricultural products and manufactured goods. This commercial empire was secured by one of the largest and most powerful navies in the ancient Mediterranean, and an army composed heavily of foreign mercenaries and auxiliaries, particularly Iberians, Balearics, Celtic Gauls, Sicilians, Italians, Greeks, Numidians and Libyans.
In spite of the cosmopolitan character of its empire, Carthage's culture and identity remained rooted in its Phoenician-Canaanite heritage, albeit a localised variety known as Punic. Like other Phoenician people, its society was urban, commercial, and oriented towards seafaring and trade; this is reflected in part by its more famous innovations, including serial production, uncolored glass, the threshing board, and the cothon harbor. Carthaginians were renowned for their commercial prowess, ambitious explorations, and unique system of government, which combined elements of democracy, oligarchy, and republicanism, including modern examples of checks and balances.
Welcome to our new MADE IN ANCIENT HISTORY series! This series is meant to be a deep dive into the Ancient and Classical periods all over the WORLD! This 4th Chapter is called Rise of Rome, and deals with how Rome, after they consolidated Italy, clashed with both Greece and Carthage, the 2 biggest Mediterranean powers.
THIS VIDEO IS FROM CHAPTER 4 OF OUR MADE IN ANCIENT HISTORY SERIES
Chapter 4 Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rF_E4ca9zc&list=PLaWQkkziGGfcZOHoQyfU3MAWn889DxyVc
Check out the Sections on our Homepage for all the Series we are working on (Currently working on videos for Series 1-4)
https://www.youtube.com/c/MadeInHistory
1. CLICK HERE TO SEE THE ENTIRE MADE IN HISTORY SERIES (EVERY CHAPTER AND EPISODE IN ORDER):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bU1Aku_fZV4&list=PLaWQkkziGGfe4reyWpHxr8oPgKM_KrrKg
2. Check out our Made in History Series in SHORTS FORM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lL8d11Ug9P4&list=PLaWQkkziGGfcBZLmLpYmbOyaz62XRx3LH
3. Check out our HISTORY BY REGION (includes History of the World, Africa, and different countries):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lL8d11Ug9P4&list=PLaWQkkziGGfcBZLmLpYmbOyaz62XRx3LH
4. Check out our MADE IN MYTHOLOGY Series (Stories from World Mythology): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaWQkkziGGfdwJIzJpNvUx4aHfB8xGQNR
5. Check out our STANDALONE Videos (just bite sized videos on individual topics, ex. Gupta Empire, Gauls, etc...):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvTLD-cZlO8&list=PLaWQkkziGGffV2Z4MJAwfxAvmPaOPTfa5
6. Check out our AGE OF EMPIRES Series (History the game campaigns are based on): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urLuT8fr28A&list=PLaWQkkziGGffji7hdrcLQ96NQX2u0dLiQ
Please subscribe to Made In History for more videos! We are always trying to grow!
All images used with CC license.
Music used:
Five Armies by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://filmmusic.io/song/3762-five-armies
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
https://wn.com/Who_Were_The_Carthaginians_|_Ancient_Carthage_Documentary
Welcome to Chapter 4 of the series! This 1st episode takes a look at the Carthaginian Empire's beginnings from the late 800s BCE as rulers of the West Mediterranean, until its inevitable clash with Rome in the 200s BCE.
Carthage was a settlement in modern Tunisia that later became a city-state and then an empire. Founded by the Phoenicians in the ninth century BC, it would survive until the Roman siege. At its height in the fourth century BC, Carthage was one of the largest metropolises in the world, and the centre of the Carthaginian Empire, a major power in the ancient world that dominated the western Mediterranean.
Carthage was settled around 814 BC by colonists from Tyre, a leading Phoenician city-state located in present day Lebanon. In the seventh century BC, following Phoenicia's conquest by the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Carthage became independent, gradually expanding its economic and political hegemony across the western Mediterranean. By 300 BC, through its vast patchwork of colonies, vassals, and satellite states, Carthage controlled the largest territory in the region, including the coast of northwest Africa, southern Iberia (Spain, Portugal, and Gibraltar) and the islands of Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Malta, and the Balearic archipelago.
Among the ancient world's largest and richest cities, Carthage's strategic location provided access to abundant fertile land and major maritime trade routes. Its extensive mercantile network reached as far as west Asia, west Africa and northern Europe, providing an array of commodities from all over the ancient world, in addition to lucrative exports of agricultural products and manufactured goods. This commercial empire was secured by one of the largest and most powerful navies in the ancient Mediterranean, and an army composed heavily of foreign mercenaries and auxiliaries, particularly Iberians, Balearics, Celtic Gauls, Sicilians, Italians, Greeks, Numidians and Libyans.
In spite of the cosmopolitan character of its empire, Carthage's culture and identity remained rooted in its Phoenician-Canaanite heritage, albeit a localised variety known as Punic. Like other Phoenician people, its society was urban, commercial, and oriented towards seafaring and trade; this is reflected in part by its more famous innovations, including serial production, uncolored glass, the threshing board, and the cothon harbor. Carthaginians were renowned for their commercial prowess, ambitious explorations, and unique system of government, which combined elements of democracy, oligarchy, and republicanism, including modern examples of checks and balances.
Welcome to our new MADE IN ANCIENT HISTORY series! This series is meant to be a deep dive into the Ancient and Classical periods all over the WORLD! This 4th Chapter is called Rise of Rome, and deals with how Rome, after they consolidated Italy, clashed with both Greece and Carthage, the 2 biggest Mediterranean powers.
THIS VIDEO IS FROM CHAPTER 4 OF OUR MADE IN ANCIENT HISTORY SERIES
Chapter 4 Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rF_E4ca9zc&list=PLaWQkkziGGfcZOHoQyfU3MAWn889DxyVc
Check out the Sections on our Homepage for all the Series we are working on (Currently working on videos for Series 1-4)
https://www.youtube.com/c/MadeInHistory
1. CLICK HERE TO SEE THE ENTIRE MADE IN HISTORY SERIES (EVERY CHAPTER AND EPISODE IN ORDER):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bU1Aku_fZV4&list=PLaWQkkziGGfe4reyWpHxr8oPgKM_KrrKg
2. Check out our Made in History Series in SHORTS FORM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lL8d11Ug9P4&list=PLaWQkkziGGfcBZLmLpYmbOyaz62XRx3LH
3. Check out our HISTORY BY REGION (includes History of the World, Africa, and different countries):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lL8d11Ug9P4&list=PLaWQkkziGGfcBZLmLpYmbOyaz62XRx3LH
4. Check out our MADE IN MYTHOLOGY Series (Stories from World Mythology): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaWQkkziGGfdwJIzJpNvUx4aHfB8xGQNR
5. Check out our STANDALONE Videos (just bite sized videos on individual topics, ex. Gupta Empire, Gauls, etc...):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvTLD-cZlO8&list=PLaWQkkziGGffV2Z4MJAwfxAvmPaOPTfa5
6. Check out our AGE OF EMPIRES Series (History the game campaigns are based on): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urLuT8fr28A&list=PLaWQkkziGGffji7hdrcLQ96NQX2u0dLiQ
Please subscribe to Made In History for more videos! We are always trying to grow!
All images used with CC license.
Music used:
Five Armies by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://filmmusic.io/song/3762-five-armies
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
- published: 29 Jun 2022
- views: 7392
18:18
Ancient Paestum: City of the Greeks and Romans
Ancient Paestum - City of the Greeks and Romans - was a major ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia. After its foundation by Gr...
Ancient Paestum - City of the Greeks and Romans - was a major ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia. After its foundation by Greek colonists under the name of Poseidonia it was eventually conquered by the Lucanians and later the Romans.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFdKnjmeaUvJ4ZJmENHwCCA
https://wn.com/Ancient_Paestum_City_Of_The_Greeks_And_Romans
Ancient Paestum - City of the Greeks and Romans - was a major ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia. After its foundation by Greek colonists under the name of Poseidonia it was eventually conquered by the Lucanians and later the Romans.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFdKnjmeaUvJ4ZJmENHwCCA
- published: 07 Oct 2015
- views: 653
8:12
Basilicata Italy: Uncovering the Hidden Gems of Southern Italy
🏛️Basilicata Italy: Uncovering the Hidden Gems of Southern Italy
🗺️Destinations Visited:
-Matera, the unique and ancient city of The Basilicata region of Italy...
🏛️Basilicata Italy: Uncovering the Hidden Gems of Southern Italy
🗺️Destinations Visited:
-Matera, the unique and ancient city of The Basilicata region of Italy.
-Castelmezzano, the unique village located in the Dolomiti Lucane.
-Craco, the hauntingly beautiful, abandoned city of Basilicata.
-Pietrapertosa, the dramatic landscapes, and unique views of Basilicata.
-Maratea, the beautiful coastal city of Basilicata.
👋 Welcome to our channel! In this captivating video, we invite you to embark on an awe-inspiring journey through the mesmerizing region of Basilicata in Southern Italy. Known for its hidden gems and rich cultural heritage, Basilicata is a true gem waiting to be discovered. Immerse yourself in the enchanting landscapes of this remarkable region as we take you on a virtual tour. Witness the magnificent allure of the ancient city of Matera, a UNESCO World Heritage site, with its fascinating cave dwellings that date back thousands of years. Uncover the hauntingly beautiful, abandoned ghost town of Craco and learn all about the history of this eerie place. Prepare to be captivated by the breathtaking views offered by Pietrapertosa. Learn about the region's rich history as we explore the impressive historical landmarks, including the imposing Castelmezzano, nestled amidst the dramatic Dolomiti Lucane mountain range. Experience the warm hospitality of the people who proudly preserve their traditions and cultural roots. Whether you are looking for an off-the-beaten-path adventure, craving a deeper understanding of Italy's diverse regions, or simply seeking a visual feast of stunning landscapes, Basilicata offers a wealth of hidden treasures that will leave you spellbound. Join us as we uncover the hidden gems of this captivating region, inviting you to explore the lesser-known beauty of Basilicata, Southern Italy's best-kept secret. Don't miss out on this extraordinary journey of discovery – hit the play button now and get ready to be amazed by the wonders of Basilicata!
https://wn.com/Basilicata_Italy_Uncovering_The_Hidden_Gems_Of_Southern_Italy
🏛️Basilicata Italy: Uncovering the Hidden Gems of Southern Italy
🗺️Destinations Visited:
-Matera, the unique and ancient city of The Basilicata region of Italy.
-Castelmezzano, the unique village located in the Dolomiti Lucane.
-Craco, the hauntingly beautiful, abandoned city of Basilicata.
-Pietrapertosa, the dramatic landscapes, and unique views of Basilicata.
-Maratea, the beautiful coastal city of Basilicata.
👋 Welcome to our channel! In this captivating video, we invite you to embark on an awe-inspiring journey through the mesmerizing region of Basilicata in Southern Italy. Known for its hidden gems and rich cultural heritage, Basilicata is a true gem waiting to be discovered. Immerse yourself in the enchanting landscapes of this remarkable region as we take you on a virtual tour. Witness the magnificent allure of the ancient city of Matera, a UNESCO World Heritage site, with its fascinating cave dwellings that date back thousands of years. Uncover the hauntingly beautiful, abandoned ghost town of Craco and learn all about the history of this eerie place. Prepare to be captivated by the breathtaking views offered by Pietrapertosa. Learn about the region's rich history as we explore the impressive historical landmarks, including the imposing Castelmezzano, nestled amidst the dramatic Dolomiti Lucane mountain range. Experience the warm hospitality of the people who proudly preserve their traditions and cultural roots. Whether you are looking for an off-the-beaten-path adventure, craving a deeper understanding of Italy's diverse regions, or simply seeking a visual feast of stunning landscapes, Basilicata offers a wealth of hidden treasures that will leave you spellbound. Join us as we uncover the hidden gems of this captivating region, inviting you to explore the lesser-known beauty of Basilicata, Southern Italy's best-kept secret. Don't miss out on this extraordinary journey of discovery – hit the play button now and get ready to be amazed by the wonders of Basilicata!
- published: 20 Nov 2023
- views: 184
8:27
STRANGE Ancient Archeological Discoveries
From long forgotten abandoned cities to incredible lucky finds, these are some of the strangest ancient archeological discoveries that changed our perception of...
From long forgotten abandoned cities to incredible lucky finds, these are some of the strangest ancient archeological discoveries that changed our perception of history and humanity ! Dive in :D
HEY YOU ! There are more awesome videos being made every week, like and subscribe to World Unearthed so you don't miss a beat !
8 The cave of Altamira
Cave paintings are nothing new, literally they are thousands of years old. In 1879 a little eight-year-old girl was hiking with her father who was an amateur archaeologist. You'll never guess what they found! a cave entrance in the mountains of Spain that contains some drawings more than 35,000 years old. The unreal cave was then closed to the public due to people disrupting the conditions; however a replica was created for people to enjoy at the Deschutes Museum in Munich. Perhaps the most famous of the paintings found inside is the one of a bison it's pretty amazing to think that humanity has always been connected through art.
7 the tomb of philip ii of macedon
You know it's always cool to have kids that will do better than you right, but I don't think Philip II expected his son to be nicknamed
Alexander the Great and lead an empire that spanned continents.
Even though Philip II is not as famous as his son if it wasn't for his unification of Greek states and plans to create an empire Alexander the Great might have just been known as Xander the mediocre. Philip II was also important enough to get assassinated ensuring that his story will never be forgotten. Where are we going with this a good question, in 1977 a Greek archaeologists discovered the hidden tomb of Philip ii
For many years his findings were hotly debated, who are we kidding? There are archaeologists that are still fighting about it. The debate has boiled down to this: was Philip ii buried in tomb 1 or tomb 2 when they finally decide on it I will be sure to update you.
6. Sanxingdui (san-shing-do-aye)
The Sanxingdui, as it is now known, is the name of the archeological site that was first discovered in 1929, when a farmer who was digging a well found a large stash of jade relics. For generations, archeologists tried to find the main source of the artifacts, but were unsuccessful until 1986.
As accidental discoveries go, this is a perfect example. Because, even after 50 years of research and excavation, it was construction workers who eventually found the main source of the relics.
The culture in the area had a completely different way of bronze making compared to the “traditional” ancient Chinese way. This means that there were multiple, independent cultures in ancient China. Findings like this challenge the official narrative that all Chinese Civilizations started from the Yellow River plains.
Some scholars considered the Bronze figures that were found, to be more fascinating than the Terracota Army in Xi’an because of the immense difference in artistic style, and the amazing level of detail they posses.
5. Paestum
This ancient Greek city was once known as Poseidonia, after the Greek god of the sea. By the way, you really don’t know how weird that name is to pronounce until you’ve tried it. Go ahead, lets see how well you do !
It was built right on the coast of the Tyrrhenian sea in Magna Graecia, which is now known as southern Italy. The city was conquered by the Lucanians and then by the Romans who gave the city its current name. Eventually it would be abandoned during the Early Middle Ages but rediscovered during the 18th centurY.
4. The Antikythera Mechanism
This artifact was discovered and retrieved from the sunken Antikythera wreck that is located just off of the Greek island with the same name.
The device has been dated to as far back as 205 BC and is often considered to be “the world’s first scientific calculator.” Well that's a stretch to be honest, but it WAS able to able to accurately measure the position of the sun, moon, and the planets.
And if you were a fan of the olympic games, the antikythera mechanism could also track their four year cycle.
The mechanism was very advanced for its time, and the technology behind it was somehow lost over the years. It took about 1400 years for other scientists to create similar machines. Which makes you wonder, what else have humans discovered and engineered,that is completely lost to us now?
https://wn.com/Strange_Ancient_Archeological_Discoveries
From long forgotten abandoned cities to incredible lucky finds, these are some of the strangest ancient archeological discoveries that changed our perception of history and humanity ! Dive in :D
HEY YOU ! There are more awesome videos being made every week, like and subscribe to World Unearthed so you don't miss a beat !
8 The cave of Altamira
Cave paintings are nothing new, literally they are thousands of years old. In 1879 a little eight-year-old girl was hiking with her father who was an amateur archaeologist. You'll never guess what they found! a cave entrance in the mountains of Spain that contains some drawings more than 35,000 years old. The unreal cave was then closed to the public due to people disrupting the conditions; however a replica was created for people to enjoy at the Deschutes Museum in Munich. Perhaps the most famous of the paintings found inside is the one of a bison it's pretty amazing to think that humanity has always been connected through art.
7 the tomb of philip ii of macedon
You know it's always cool to have kids that will do better than you right, but I don't think Philip II expected his son to be nicknamed
Alexander the Great and lead an empire that spanned continents.
Even though Philip II is not as famous as his son if it wasn't for his unification of Greek states and plans to create an empire Alexander the Great might have just been known as Xander the mediocre. Philip II was also important enough to get assassinated ensuring that his story will never be forgotten. Where are we going with this a good question, in 1977 a Greek archaeologists discovered the hidden tomb of Philip ii
For many years his findings were hotly debated, who are we kidding? There are archaeologists that are still fighting about it. The debate has boiled down to this: was Philip ii buried in tomb 1 or tomb 2 when they finally decide on it I will be sure to update you.
6. Sanxingdui (san-shing-do-aye)
The Sanxingdui, as it is now known, is the name of the archeological site that was first discovered in 1929, when a farmer who was digging a well found a large stash of jade relics. For generations, archeologists tried to find the main source of the artifacts, but were unsuccessful until 1986.
As accidental discoveries go, this is a perfect example. Because, even after 50 years of research and excavation, it was construction workers who eventually found the main source of the relics.
The culture in the area had a completely different way of bronze making compared to the “traditional” ancient Chinese way. This means that there were multiple, independent cultures in ancient China. Findings like this challenge the official narrative that all Chinese Civilizations started from the Yellow River plains.
Some scholars considered the Bronze figures that were found, to be more fascinating than the Terracota Army in Xi’an because of the immense difference in artistic style, and the amazing level of detail they posses.
5. Paestum
This ancient Greek city was once known as Poseidonia, after the Greek god of the sea. By the way, you really don’t know how weird that name is to pronounce until you’ve tried it. Go ahead, lets see how well you do !
It was built right on the coast of the Tyrrhenian sea in Magna Graecia, which is now known as southern Italy. The city was conquered by the Lucanians and then by the Romans who gave the city its current name. Eventually it would be abandoned during the Early Middle Ages but rediscovered during the 18th centurY.
4. The Antikythera Mechanism
This artifact was discovered and retrieved from the sunken Antikythera wreck that is located just off of the Greek island with the same name.
The device has been dated to as far back as 205 BC and is often considered to be “the world’s first scientific calculator.” Well that's a stretch to be honest, but it WAS able to able to accurately measure the position of the sun, moon, and the planets.
And if you were a fan of the olympic games, the antikythera mechanism could also track their four year cycle.
The mechanism was very advanced for its time, and the technology behind it was somehow lost over the years. It took about 1400 years for other scientists to create similar machines. Which makes you wonder, what else have humans discovered and engineered,that is completely lost to us now?
- published: 25 Aug 2021
- views: 3330
11:07
5 Creepy Unidentified People
A so-called “Albert Johnson” was responsible for a massive manhunt in Canada's Yukon territory in 1931. He was hunted down by dozens of Canadian authorities for...
A so-called “Albert Johnson” was responsible for a massive manhunt in Canada's Yukon territory in 1931. He was hunted down by dozens of Canadian authorities for 48 days until they finally caught him.
The chase grabbed the media's attention because of the theatrics involved as the events unfolded. And it also turned out that Albert Johnson was not his real identity.
In July 1931, a clean-shaven man with a seemingly Scandinavian accent arrived at Fort McPherson, the only community along the Peel River.
The man ventured into the Mackenzie River area on his own. He then built a small cabin on the banks of the nearby Rat River. Nobody knew anything about him or what he was doing in such a remote location.
On December 31, Canadian officers received allegations from neighboring trappers that Johnson was meddling with their traps.
Two Canadian Constables showed up at Johnson's cabin to question him. But he barely responded to their questions and barricaded his doors.
The Constables returned with a warrant to force their way in. Johnson responded by shooting at them. The officers then retreated to gather reinforcements.
After several days, a posse of men and dogs returned and used dynamite to put down Johnson's cabin. Johnson was still able to open fire, and after a 15-hour standoff in subzero temperatures, the group retreated.
News about the incident quickly made its way through global radio.
On January 14, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police arrived at the cabin and realized that Johnson was gone. They chased him for 150 miles in blizzard conditions.
Johnson eluded the police for days by using caribou tracks to disguise his own. When he was finally located, a second firefight broke out, and Johnson fatally wounded one officer before going back on the run.
The manhunt eventually added a plane and native Indians. After climbing over a 7,000 ft mountain peak, Johnson was finally spotted from the air and cornered in a shootout at Eagle River, Yukon, on February 17.
The fugitive managed to shoot another officer before he was taken down. Authorities found he was carrying $2,000 in American currency and gold.
In trying to identify him, forensic tests conducted in 2007 revealed that the man had an asymmetrical tailbone and one foot longer than the other. But DNA samples failed to return any matches.
Johnson had managed to travel over 90 miles from his cabin under extreme conditions. His escape and such an impressive survival feat raised many eyebrows.
But what was the man's real identity and his reason for fleeing in such an aggressive manner? The mystery has intrigued authorities for decades.
https://wn.com/5_Creepy_Unidentified_People
A so-called “Albert Johnson” was responsible for a massive manhunt in Canada's Yukon territory in 1931. He was hunted down by dozens of Canadian authorities for 48 days until they finally caught him.
The chase grabbed the media's attention because of the theatrics involved as the events unfolded. And it also turned out that Albert Johnson was not his real identity.
In July 1931, a clean-shaven man with a seemingly Scandinavian accent arrived at Fort McPherson, the only community along the Peel River.
The man ventured into the Mackenzie River area on his own. He then built a small cabin on the banks of the nearby Rat River. Nobody knew anything about him or what he was doing in such a remote location.
On December 31, Canadian officers received allegations from neighboring trappers that Johnson was meddling with their traps.
Two Canadian Constables showed up at Johnson's cabin to question him. But he barely responded to their questions and barricaded his doors.
The Constables returned with a warrant to force their way in. Johnson responded by shooting at them. The officers then retreated to gather reinforcements.
After several days, a posse of men and dogs returned and used dynamite to put down Johnson's cabin. Johnson was still able to open fire, and after a 15-hour standoff in subzero temperatures, the group retreated.
News about the incident quickly made its way through global radio.
On January 14, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police arrived at the cabin and realized that Johnson was gone. They chased him for 150 miles in blizzard conditions.
Johnson eluded the police for days by using caribou tracks to disguise his own. When he was finally located, a second firefight broke out, and Johnson fatally wounded one officer before going back on the run.
The manhunt eventually added a plane and native Indians. After climbing over a 7,000 ft mountain peak, Johnson was finally spotted from the air and cornered in a shootout at Eagle River, Yukon, on February 17.
The fugitive managed to shoot another officer before he was taken down. Authorities found he was carrying $2,000 in American currency and gold.
In trying to identify him, forensic tests conducted in 2007 revealed that the man had an asymmetrical tailbone and one foot longer than the other. But DNA samples failed to return any matches.
Johnson had managed to travel over 90 miles from his cabin under extreme conditions. His escape and such an impressive survival feat raised many eyebrows.
But what was the man's real identity and his reason for fleeing in such an aggressive manner? The mystery has intrigued authorities for decades.
- published: 01 Apr 2021
- views: 676381
9:23
Taras - Ancient Italy - Ancient History and Anthropology
Hey guys, here´s the last episode of the Ancient History series
I am already thinking of what to cover next but don´t stop yourself from giving me your suggesti...
Hey guys, here´s the last episode of the Ancient History series
I am already thinking of what to cover next but don´t stop yourself from giving me your suggestions down below
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Ipernick_
Steam: http://steamcommunity.com/id/Iperland
Second Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7WG
https://wn.com/Taras_Ancient_Italy_Ancient_History_And_Anthropology
Hey guys, here´s the last episode of the Ancient History series
I am already thinking of what to cover next but don´t stop yourself from giving me your suggestions down below
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Ipernick_
Steam: http://steamcommunity.com/id/Iperland
Second Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7WG
- published: 25 Nov 2018
- views: 1218