-
France's Forgotten Vietnam War(4K Documentary)
Get Nebula with 40% off annual subscription with my link: https://go.nebula.tv/realtimehistory
Watch Red Atoms on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/redatoms
After the Second World War multiple French colonies were pushing towards independence, among them Indochina. The Viet Minh movement under Ho Chi Minh was clashing with French aspirations to save their crumbling Empire.
» SUPPORT US
https://patreon.com/realtimehistory
https://nebula.tv/realtimehistory
» THANK YOU TO OUR CO-PRODUCERS
Konstantin Bredyuk, Lisa Anderson, Brad Durbin, Jeremy K Jones, Murray Godfrey, John Ozment, Stephen Parker, Mavrides, Kristina Colburn, Stefan Jackowski, Cardboard, William Kincade, William Wallace, Daniel L Garza, Chris Daley, Malcolm Swan, Christoph Wolf, Simen Røste, Jim F Barlow, Taylor Allen, Adam Smi...
published: 15 Sep 2023
-
The French conquest of Vietnam and Indochina (1858 – 1907)
The French colonization of Vietnam began in 1858 with the siege of Da Nang, and the occupation of Saigon a year later. In 1862 was established the colony of Cochinchina, and in 1867 Siam recognised the 1863 French protectorate on Cambodia. After a French ultimatum in 1883, the Court of Huế accepted a French protectorate for Annam and Tonkin. After a short conflict with Siam, France annexed Laos in 1893. The French expansion in Indochina continued until 1907. It took dozens of years for the French to conquer all the territories of the future so-called Indochinese Union, which the French created in 1887 to include the colony of Cochinchina and the four protectorates of Annam, Tonkin, Cambodia, and Laos.
------------------------------------------
Voice & editing: Nicolae Bondar (myself)
M...
published: 07 Sep 2020
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The Colonial History of French Indochina
Reconciliations of Nations, a super rad political page focusing on ongoing conflicts and reconciliations from Apartheid in South Africa to Korean Comfort Women and everything in between, brings you The Colonial History of French Indochina
published: 29 Apr 2019
-
Battle of Dien Bien Phu Vietnam and the Fall of French Indochina
This video presents the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the decisive battle that puts an end to the domination of French colonialism in Indochina and bringing real independence back to the region.
Chapter:
00:00 Introduction
00:49 Path to the First Indochina War
03:53 The First Indochina War
04:55 The Battle of Dien Bien Phu
07:47 The Fall of French Indochina
French Indochina was formed in 1887 as the result of French colonialism in Indochina, comprising Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos. In 1930, as an attempt to gain self-rule over France, the Communist Party of Vietnam was founded in Hong Kong by Ho Chi Minh.
A few months later, the communists initiated a broad wave of peasant rebellions which were suppressed by the French in 1931 but the Party continued to extend its influence until the outbreak...
published: 01 Oct 2021
-
How France's Colonial Ambitions Came to a Violent End - The Full Story Behind the Indochina War
This video is the combination of a three-part series recently posted to our channel discussing the intricacies of the Indochina War.
Buy us a KoFi to help support the channel & team! 🎭
•https://ko-fi.com/thefront
Check out some of the music we use in our videos!🎶
•https://bit.ly/RelaxJackYT
Join other history buffs on our Discord!📚
•https://discord.gg/qt68efP
🎬Video Credits:
Narrator - Cam, Pat
Editors - Giorgi, Shantanu koli
Writer - Nick Petrou, Brad Dare
Researcher - Daniel
Intro music - https://www.youtube.com/user/16BitRecordsOfficial
#TheFront #History
For business inquiries and to learn about our team check out our website🌐:
•https://frontiermediaco.com
0:00 The forgotten First Indochina War
1:12 Indochina during World War II
5:41 Revolution
9:52 1945 to 1946 in Indochina
...
published: 25 May 2022
-
Why France Lost The Battle of Dien Bien Phu 1954 (4K Documentary)
Get Nebula with 40% off annual subscription with my link: https://go.nebula.tv/realtimehistory
Watch Red Atoms on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/redatoms
After the French success in the Battle of Na San, the battle of Dien Bien Phu is supposed to defeat the Viet Minh once and for all. But instead the weeks long siege becomes a symbol of the French defeat in Vietnam.
» SUPPORT US
https://patreon.com/realtimehistory
https://nebula.tv/realtimehistory
» THANK YOU TO OUR CO-PRODUCERS
Konstantin Bredyuk, Lisa Anderson, Brad Durbin, Jeremy K Jones, Murray Godfrey, John Ozment, Stephen Parker, Mavrides, Kristina Colburn, Stefan Jackowski, Cardboard, William Kincade, William Wallace, Daniel L Garza, Chris Daley, Malcolm Swan, Christoph Wolf, Simen Røste, Jim F Barlow, Taylor Allen, Adam Smith, J...
published: 29 Sep 2023
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Battle of Dien Bien Phu - French Indochina War '54
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the decisive battle of the French Indochina War. The outcome of the battle ended French colonial rule in Asia and ushered in America's later military involvement in the region. Many misconceptions that the French had about their enemy, the Vietnamese, led to the crushing defeat at Dien Bien Phu, and these misconceptions plagued the Americans too during their military involvement.
SONGS USED: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VU9GDQynBGo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFq7Wg8UYaA
Reflection by Oliver Michael
published: 21 Mar 2021
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French Colonisation - The Vietnam War
By 1884 Vietnam had been divided into 3 territories & French law & culture were taking hold.
Watch The Vietnam War on Discovery UK - Thursdays at 2200 from 30th April
Subscribe to Discovery TV for more great clips:
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=DiscoveryTV
Follow Discovery on Twitter:
http://www.twitter.com/DiscoveryUK
published: 17 Apr 2015
-
FRENCH INVOLVEMENT IN VIETNAM & DIEN BIEN PHU 72662
Support Our Channel : https://www.patreon.com/PeriscopeFilm
This 1962 episode of the TV show "The 20th Century" presents the story of the French involvement in Indochina and the devastating collapse at Dien Bien Phu.
The program starts with a short history of the region, beginning with the French struggle to control its colonies in Indochina - Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos following WWII. Despite financial assistance from the United States, nationalist uprisings against French colonial rule began to take their toll. On May 7, 1954, the French-held garrison at Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam fell after a four month siege led by Vietnamese nationalist Ho Chi Minh. After the fall of Dien Bien Phu, the French pulled out of the region. Concerned about regional instability, the United States became inc...
published: 21 May 2015
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The Vietnam Wars - Summary on a Map
This video retrace two and half centuries of the history of Vietnam. We talk about Dait Viet, French colonization, French Indochina, the Japanese domination during WWII, The First Indochina War, the Vietnam War and the Sino-Vietnamese War.
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Support the channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/geohistory
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English translation & voiceover: Matthew Bates https://www.epicvoiceover.com/
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Original French version: https://youtu.be/atqFqqz0uys
Russian version: https://youtu.be/P51GGliQf7M
Arabic version: https://youtu.be/bgnO3RfDg2M
Spanish version: https://youtu.be/jq0F0DsCZDI
Portuguese version (Brazil): https://youtu.be/BoAEtDFt6ZE
Japanese version: https://youtu.be/QKImYAAze-U
German version: https://youtu.be/pvJLztJiAFI
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Music: Made for Geo History by Ledg...
published: 20 Oct 2023
24:50
France's Forgotten Vietnam War(4K Documentary)
Get Nebula with 40% off annual subscription with my link: https://go.nebula.tv/realtimehistory
Watch Red Atoms on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/redatoms
After the...
Get Nebula with 40% off annual subscription with my link: https://go.nebula.tv/realtimehistory
Watch Red Atoms on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/redatoms
After the Second World War multiple French colonies were pushing towards independence, among them Indochina. The Viet Minh movement under Ho Chi Minh was clashing with French aspirations to save their crumbling Empire.
» SUPPORT US
https://patreon.com/realtimehistory
https://nebula.tv/realtimehistory
» THANK YOU TO OUR CO-PRODUCERS
Konstantin Bredyuk, Lisa Anderson, Brad Durbin, Jeremy K Jones, Murray Godfrey, John Ozment, Stephen Parker, Mavrides, Kristina Colburn, Stefan Jackowski, Cardboard, William Kincade, William Wallace, Daniel L Garza, Chris Daley, Malcolm Swan, Christoph Wolf, Simen Røste, Jim F Barlow, Taylor Allen, Adam Smith, James Giliberto, Albert B. Knapp MD, Tobias Wildenblanck, Richard L Benkin, Marco Kuhnert, Matt Barnes, Ramon Rijkhoek, Jan, Scott Deederly, gsporie, Kekoa, Bruce G. Hearns, Hans Broberg, Fogeltje
» SOURCES
Lawrence Atwood, Mark & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Chen Jian, “China and the First Indo-China War, 1950-54", The China Quarterly, No. 133 (March 1993)
Duiker, William J, “Ho Chi Min and the Strategy of People’s War” in Lawrence, Mark Atwood & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Fall, Bernard, Hell in a Very Small Place: The Siege of Dien Bien Phu, (New York, N.Y : Da Capo Press, 1985)
Irving, Ronald E. M. The First Indochina War: French and American Policy 1945-54, (London : Croom Helm, 1975)
Lawrence Atwood, Mark & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
L’Herpiniere, Michel & Perkins, Mandaley, Hanoi, Adieu: A Bittersweet Memoir of a Frenchman in Indochina, (Enfield, N.S.W : Haper Perennial, 2006)
Prados, John, “Assessing Dien Bien Phu” in Lawrence, Mark Atwood & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Thee, Marek, “The Indochina Wars: Great Power Involvement - Escalation and Disengagement”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1976)
Tønnesson, Stein, “The Longest Wars: Indochina 1945-75", Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 22, No. 1 (1985)
Tucker-Jones, Anthony, Dien Bien Phu: The First Indochina War, 1946-1954, (Barnsley : Pen and Sword Military, 2017)
Trương Như Tảng, Chanoff, David and Doan Van Toai, A Viet Cong Memoir: An Inside Account of the Vietnam War and its Aftermath, (New York, NY : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1985)
»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Mark Newton
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Philipp Appelt
Editing: Philipp Appelt
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Research by: Mark Newton
Fact checking: Florian Wittig, Jesse Alexander
Channel Design: Simon Buckmaster
Contains licensed material by getty images and AP
Maps: MapTiler/OpenStreetMap Contributors & GEOlayers3
Music Library: Epidemic Sound
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2023
https://wn.com/France's_Forgotten_Vietnam_War(4K_Documentary)
Get Nebula with 40% off annual subscription with my link: https://go.nebula.tv/realtimehistory
Watch Red Atoms on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/redatoms
After the Second World War multiple French colonies were pushing towards independence, among them Indochina. The Viet Minh movement under Ho Chi Minh was clashing with French aspirations to save their crumbling Empire.
» SUPPORT US
https://patreon.com/realtimehistory
https://nebula.tv/realtimehistory
» THANK YOU TO OUR CO-PRODUCERS
Konstantin Bredyuk, Lisa Anderson, Brad Durbin, Jeremy K Jones, Murray Godfrey, John Ozment, Stephen Parker, Mavrides, Kristina Colburn, Stefan Jackowski, Cardboard, William Kincade, William Wallace, Daniel L Garza, Chris Daley, Malcolm Swan, Christoph Wolf, Simen Røste, Jim F Barlow, Taylor Allen, Adam Smith, James Giliberto, Albert B. Knapp MD, Tobias Wildenblanck, Richard L Benkin, Marco Kuhnert, Matt Barnes, Ramon Rijkhoek, Jan, Scott Deederly, gsporie, Kekoa, Bruce G. Hearns, Hans Broberg, Fogeltje
» SOURCES
Lawrence Atwood, Mark & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Chen Jian, “China and the First Indo-China War, 1950-54", The China Quarterly, No. 133 (March 1993)
Duiker, William J, “Ho Chi Min and the Strategy of People’s War” in Lawrence, Mark Atwood & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Fall, Bernard, Hell in a Very Small Place: The Siege of Dien Bien Phu, (New York, N.Y : Da Capo Press, 1985)
Irving, Ronald E. M. The First Indochina War: French and American Policy 1945-54, (London : Croom Helm, 1975)
Lawrence Atwood, Mark & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
L’Herpiniere, Michel & Perkins, Mandaley, Hanoi, Adieu: A Bittersweet Memoir of a Frenchman in Indochina, (Enfield, N.S.W : Haper Perennial, 2006)
Prados, John, “Assessing Dien Bien Phu” in Lawrence, Mark Atwood & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Thee, Marek, “The Indochina Wars: Great Power Involvement - Escalation and Disengagement”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1976)
Tønnesson, Stein, “The Longest Wars: Indochina 1945-75", Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 22, No. 1 (1985)
Tucker-Jones, Anthony, Dien Bien Phu: The First Indochina War, 1946-1954, (Barnsley : Pen and Sword Military, 2017)
Trương Như Tảng, Chanoff, David and Doan Van Toai, A Viet Cong Memoir: An Inside Account of the Vietnam War and its Aftermath, (New York, NY : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1985)
»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Mark Newton
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Philipp Appelt
Editing: Philipp Appelt
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Research by: Mark Newton
Fact checking: Florian Wittig, Jesse Alexander
Channel Design: Simon Buckmaster
Contains licensed material by getty images and AP
Maps: MapTiler/OpenStreetMap Contributors & GEOlayers3
Music Library: Epidemic Sound
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2023
- published: 15 Sep 2023
- views: 635763
13:18
The French conquest of Vietnam and Indochina (1858 – 1907)
The French colonization of Vietnam began in 1858 with the siege of Da Nang, and the occupation of Saigon a year later. In 1862 was established the colony of Coc...
The French colonization of Vietnam began in 1858 with the siege of Da Nang, and the occupation of Saigon a year later. In 1862 was established the colony of Cochinchina, and in 1867 Siam recognised the 1863 French protectorate on Cambodia. After a French ultimatum in 1883, the Court of Huế accepted a French protectorate for Annam and Tonkin. After a short conflict with Siam, France annexed Laos in 1893. The French expansion in Indochina continued until 1907. It took dozens of years for the French to conquer all the territories of the future so-called Indochinese Union, which the French created in 1887 to include the colony of Cochinchina and the four protectorates of Annam, Tonkin, Cambodia, and Laos.
------------------------------------------
Voice & editing: Nicolae Bondar (myself)
Music: Don't Look Inside, by Biz Baz Studio, downloaded from YouTube Audio Library
Information Sources:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam/The-conquest-of-Vietnam-by-France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%B1_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochinchina_Campaign
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochina
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations#Territorial_conquest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Tourane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Thu%E1%BA%ADn_An
We can stay in touch on Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/HistoryClassPage/
You can support our channel here:
https://www.patreon.com/historyclass1
For every video I try to use copyright free images. However if I have used any of your artwork or map, then please don't hesitate to contact me, and I’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.
https://wn.com/The_French_Conquest_Of_Vietnam_And_Indochina_(1858_–_1907)
The French colonization of Vietnam began in 1858 with the siege of Da Nang, and the occupation of Saigon a year later. In 1862 was established the colony of Cochinchina, and in 1867 Siam recognised the 1863 French protectorate on Cambodia. After a French ultimatum in 1883, the Court of Huế accepted a French protectorate for Annam and Tonkin. After a short conflict with Siam, France annexed Laos in 1893. The French expansion in Indochina continued until 1907. It took dozens of years for the French to conquer all the territories of the future so-called Indochinese Union, which the French created in 1887 to include the colony of Cochinchina and the four protectorates of Annam, Tonkin, Cambodia, and Laos.
------------------------------------------
Voice & editing: Nicolae Bondar (myself)
Music: Don't Look Inside, by Biz Baz Studio, downloaded from YouTube Audio Library
Information Sources:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam/The-conquest-of-Vietnam-by-France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%B1_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochinchina_Campaign
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochina
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations#Territorial_conquest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Tourane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Thu%E1%BA%ADn_An
We can stay in touch on Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/HistoryClassPage/
You can support our channel here:
https://www.patreon.com/historyclass1
For every video I try to use copyright free images. However if I have used any of your artwork or map, then please don't hesitate to contact me, and I’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.
- published: 07 Sep 2020
- views: 205192
5:29
The Colonial History of French Indochina
Reconciliations of Nations, a super rad political page focusing on ongoing conflicts and reconciliations from Apartheid in South Africa to Korean Comfort Women ...
Reconciliations of Nations, a super rad political page focusing on ongoing conflicts and reconciliations from Apartheid in South Africa to Korean Comfort Women and everything in between, brings you The Colonial History of French Indochina
https://wn.com/The_Colonial_History_Of_French_Indochina
Reconciliations of Nations, a super rad political page focusing on ongoing conflicts and reconciliations from Apartheid in South Africa to Korean Comfort Women and everything in between, brings you The Colonial History of French Indochina
- published: 29 Apr 2019
- views: 67124
8:46
Battle of Dien Bien Phu Vietnam and the Fall of French Indochina
This video presents the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the decisive battle that puts an end to the domination of French colonialism in Indochina and bringing real ind...
This video presents the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the decisive battle that puts an end to the domination of French colonialism in Indochina and bringing real independence back to the region.
Chapter:
00:00 Introduction
00:49 Path to the First Indochina War
03:53 The First Indochina War
04:55 The Battle of Dien Bien Phu
07:47 The Fall of French Indochina
French Indochina was formed in 1887 as the result of French colonialism in Indochina, comprising Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos. In 1930, as an attempt to gain self-rule over France, the Communist Party of Vietnam was founded in Hong Kong by Ho Chi Minh.
A few months later, the communists initiated a broad wave of peasant rebellions which were suppressed by the French in 1931 but the Party continued to extend its influence until the outbreak of World War II. In response to the Japanese occupation of French Indochina during the War, the League for the Independence of Vietnam, or known as the Viet Minh, was formed. In the following years, led by General Vo Nguyen Giap, Viet Minh launched several guerrilla operations against the Japanese, eventually controlling much of the border areas in northern Vietnam in the following years.
In March 1945, Japan dismantled French control and completely overran Indochina, resulting in the creation of Japanese puppet states. Following Japan’s surrender to the Allies in August, the Viet Minh units launched the August Revolution, and within two weeks, gained control of most parts throughout North, Central and South Vietnam, including Hanoi on August 19. On September 2, in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnamese independence from France, and formed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Determined to regain control over Indochina, the French, however, seized Cochinchina with the aid of the British and proclaimed it an “autonomous republic”. The tension escalated on November 23, 1946, when the French naval fleet bombarded the port city of Haiphong, marking the beginning of the First Indochina War.
In 1949, in an attempt to weaken the Viet Minh, France reunited Cochinchina with the rest of Vietnam, forming the State of Vietnam as an associated state within the French Union. However, the Viet Minh forces continued to launch successful guerrilla operations against French forces and seized control over most of the countryside by the end of 1953. While the French were rapidly losing their ground to the Viet Minh, the Battle of Dien Bien Phu broke out, decisively settling the fate of French Indochina.
The battle was divided into three phases and lasted till May 7th when an all-out attack against the remaining French units was launched. That afternoon, the Viet Minh forces captured de Castries, and a few minutes later, the reg flag waving on top of the enemy bunker marked the victorious end of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. French decisive defeat at Dien Bien Phu paved the way for the signing of the Geneva Agreement in July 1954, marking the fall of French Indochina.
Do you think what contributed to the victory of Vietnam in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu?
Tell us in the comment section below.
► Thanks for watching!
------------------------------------------------
► Don’t forget to SUBSCRIBE for more videos every day: https://bit.ly/2O870K8
------------------------------------------------
#Dienbienphu #falloffrenchindochina
https://wn.com/Battle_Of_Dien_Bien_Phu_Vietnam_And_The_Fall_Of_French_Indochina
This video presents the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the decisive battle that puts an end to the domination of French colonialism in Indochina and bringing real independence back to the region.
Chapter:
00:00 Introduction
00:49 Path to the First Indochina War
03:53 The First Indochina War
04:55 The Battle of Dien Bien Phu
07:47 The Fall of French Indochina
French Indochina was formed in 1887 as the result of French colonialism in Indochina, comprising Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos. In 1930, as an attempt to gain self-rule over France, the Communist Party of Vietnam was founded in Hong Kong by Ho Chi Minh.
A few months later, the communists initiated a broad wave of peasant rebellions which were suppressed by the French in 1931 but the Party continued to extend its influence until the outbreak of World War II. In response to the Japanese occupation of French Indochina during the War, the League for the Independence of Vietnam, or known as the Viet Minh, was formed. In the following years, led by General Vo Nguyen Giap, Viet Minh launched several guerrilla operations against the Japanese, eventually controlling much of the border areas in northern Vietnam in the following years.
In March 1945, Japan dismantled French control and completely overran Indochina, resulting in the creation of Japanese puppet states. Following Japan’s surrender to the Allies in August, the Viet Minh units launched the August Revolution, and within two weeks, gained control of most parts throughout North, Central and South Vietnam, including Hanoi on August 19. On September 2, in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnamese independence from France, and formed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Determined to regain control over Indochina, the French, however, seized Cochinchina with the aid of the British and proclaimed it an “autonomous republic”. The tension escalated on November 23, 1946, when the French naval fleet bombarded the port city of Haiphong, marking the beginning of the First Indochina War.
In 1949, in an attempt to weaken the Viet Minh, France reunited Cochinchina with the rest of Vietnam, forming the State of Vietnam as an associated state within the French Union. However, the Viet Minh forces continued to launch successful guerrilla operations against French forces and seized control over most of the countryside by the end of 1953. While the French were rapidly losing their ground to the Viet Minh, the Battle of Dien Bien Phu broke out, decisively settling the fate of French Indochina.
The battle was divided into three phases and lasted till May 7th when an all-out attack against the remaining French units was launched. That afternoon, the Viet Minh forces captured de Castries, and a few minutes later, the reg flag waving on top of the enemy bunker marked the victorious end of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. French decisive defeat at Dien Bien Phu paved the way for the signing of the Geneva Agreement in July 1954, marking the fall of French Indochina.
Do you think what contributed to the victory of Vietnam in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu?
Tell us in the comment section below.
► Thanks for watching!
------------------------------------------------
► Don’t forget to SUBSCRIBE for more videos every day: https://bit.ly/2O870K8
------------------------------------------------
#Dienbienphu #falloffrenchindochina
- published: 01 Oct 2021
- views: 109132
30:35
How France's Colonial Ambitions Came to a Violent End - The Full Story Behind the Indochina War
This video is the combination of a three-part series recently posted to our channel discussing the intricacies of the Indochina War.
Buy us a KoFi to help supp...
This video is the combination of a three-part series recently posted to our channel discussing the intricacies of the Indochina War.
Buy us a KoFi to help support the channel & team! 🎭
•https://ko-fi.com/thefront
Check out some of the music we use in our videos!🎶
•https://bit.ly/RelaxJackYT
Join other history buffs on our Discord!📚
•https://discord.gg/qt68efP
🎬Video Credits:
Narrator - Cam, Pat
Editors - Giorgi, Shantanu koli
Writer - Nick Petrou, Brad Dare
Researcher - Daniel
Intro music - https://www.youtube.com/user/16BitRecordsOfficial
#TheFront #History
For business inquiries and to learn about our team check out our website🌐:
•https://frontiermediaco.com
0:00 The forgotten First Indochina War
1:12 Indochina during World War II
5:41 Revolution
9:52 1945 to 1946 in Indochina
13:40 The First Indochina War begins
16:22 A guerrilla war
20:20 The war rages on
21:31 The tide turns
23:39 The Battle of Điện Biên Phủ
29:49 Conclusion
https://wn.com/How_France's_Colonial_Ambitions_Came_To_A_Violent_End_The_Full_Story_Behind_The_Indochina_War
This video is the combination of a three-part series recently posted to our channel discussing the intricacies of the Indochina War.
Buy us a KoFi to help support the channel & team! 🎭
•https://ko-fi.com/thefront
Check out some of the music we use in our videos!🎶
•https://bit.ly/RelaxJackYT
Join other history buffs on our Discord!📚
•https://discord.gg/qt68efP
🎬Video Credits:
Narrator - Cam, Pat
Editors - Giorgi, Shantanu koli
Writer - Nick Petrou, Brad Dare
Researcher - Daniel
Intro music - https://www.youtube.com/user/16BitRecordsOfficial
#TheFront #History
For business inquiries and to learn about our team check out our website🌐:
•https://frontiermediaco.com
0:00 The forgotten First Indochina War
1:12 Indochina during World War II
5:41 Revolution
9:52 1945 to 1946 in Indochina
13:40 The First Indochina War begins
16:22 A guerrilla war
20:20 The war rages on
21:31 The tide turns
23:39 The Battle of Điện Biên Phủ
29:49 Conclusion
- published: 25 May 2022
- views: 218758
22:49
Why France Lost The Battle of Dien Bien Phu 1954 (4K Documentary)
Get Nebula with 40% off annual subscription with my link: https://go.nebula.tv/realtimehistory
Watch Red Atoms on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/redatoms
After the ...
Get Nebula with 40% off annual subscription with my link: https://go.nebula.tv/realtimehistory
Watch Red Atoms on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/redatoms
After the French success in the Battle of Na San, the battle of Dien Bien Phu is supposed to defeat the Viet Minh once and for all. But instead the weeks long siege becomes a symbol of the French defeat in Vietnam.
» SUPPORT US
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» THANK YOU TO OUR CO-PRODUCERS
Konstantin Bredyuk, Lisa Anderson, Brad Durbin, Jeremy K Jones, Murray Godfrey, John Ozment, Stephen Parker, Mavrides, Kristina Colburn, Stefan Jackowski, Cardboard, William Kincade, William Wallace, Daniel L Garza, Chris Daley, Malcolm Swan, Christoph Wolf, Simen Røste, Jim F Barlow, Taylor Allen, Adam Smith, James Giliberto, Albert B. Knapp MD, Tobias Wildenblanck, Richard L Benkin, Marco Kuhnert, Matt Barnes, Ramon Rijkhoek, Jan, Scott Deederly, gsporie, Kekoa, Bruce G. Hearns, Hans Broberg, Fogeltje
» SOURCES
Lawrence Atwood, Mark & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Chen Jian, “China and the First Indo-China War, 1950-54", The China Quarterly, No. 133 (March 1993)
Duiker, William J, “Ho Chi Min and the Strategy of People’s War” in Lawrence, Mark Atwood & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Fall, Bernard, Hell in a Very Small Place: The Siege of Dien Bien Phu, (New York, N.Y : Da Capo Press, 1985)
Fauroux, Pierre, “Night Jump into Dien Bien Phu: An Eyewitness Account from a French Paratrooper Captured by the Viet Minh”, HistoryNet, (https://www.historynet.com/night-jump-dien-bien-phu/)
Irving, Ronald E. M. The First Indochina War: French and American Policy 1945-54, (London : Croom Helm, 1975)
Lawrence Atwood, Mark & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
L’Herpiniere, Michel & Perkins, Mandaley, Hanoi, Adieu: A Bittersweet Memoir of a Frenchman in Indochina, (Enfield, N.S.W : Haper Perennial, 2006)
Prados, John, “Assessing Dien Bien Phu” in Lawrence, Mark Atwood & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Thee, Marek, “The Indochina Wars: Great Power Involvement - Escalation and Disengagement”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1976)
Tønnesson, Stein, “The Longest Wars: Indochina 1945-75", Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 22, No. 1 (1985)
Tucker-Jones, Anthony, Dien Bien Phu: The First Indochina War, 1946-1954, (Barnsley : Pen and Sword Military, 2017)
Trương Như Tảng, Chanoff, David and Doan Van Toai, A Viet Cong Memoir: An Inside Account of the Vietnam War and its Aftermath, (New York, NY : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1985)
»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Mark Newton
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Philipp Appelt
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Research by: Mark Newton
Fact checking: Jesse Alexander
Channel Design: Simon Buckmaster
Contains licensed material by getty images and AP
Maps: MapTiler/OpenStreetMap Contributors & GEOlayers3
Music Library: Epidemic Sound
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2023
https://wn.com/Why_France_Lost_The_Battle_Of_Dien_Bien_Phu_1954_(4K_Documentary)
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After the French success in the Battle of Na San, the battle of Dien Bien Phu is supposed to defeat the Viet Minh once and for all. But instead the weeks long siege becomes a symbol of the French defeat in Vietnam.
» SUPPORT US
https://patreon.com/realtimehistory
https://nebula.tv/realtimehistory
» THANK YOU TO OUR CO-PRODUCERS
Konstantin Bredyuk, Lisa Anderson, Brad Durbin, Jeremy K Jones, Murray Godfrey, John Ozment, Stephen Parker, Mavrides, Kristina Colburn, Stefan Jackowski, Cardboard, William Kincade, William Wallace, Daniel L Garza, Chris Daley, Malcolm Swan, Christoph Wolf, Simen Røste, Jim F Barlow, Taylor Allen, Adam Smith, James Giliberto, Albert B. Knapp MD, Tobias Wildenblanck, Richard L Benkin, Marco Kuhnert, Matt Barnes, Ramon Rijkhoek, Jan, Scott Deederly, gsporie, Kekoa, Bruce G. Hearns, Hans Broberg, Fogeltje
» SOURCES
Lawrence Atwood, Mark & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Chen Jian, “China and the First Indo-China War, 1950-54", The China Quarterly, No. 133 (March 1993)
Duiker, William J, “Ho Chi Min and the Strategy of People’s War” in Lawrence, Mark Atwood & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Fall, Bernard, Hell in a Very Small Place: The Siege of Dien Bien Phu, (New York, N.Y : Da Capo Press, 1985)
Fauroux, Pierre, “Night Jump into Dien Bien Phu: An Eyewitness Account from a French Paratrooper Captured by the Viet Minh”, HistoryNet, (https://www.historynet.com/night-jump-dien-bien-phu/)
Irving, Ronald E. M. The First Indochina War: French and American Policy 1945-54, (London : Croom Helm, 1975)
Lawrence Atwood, Mark & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
L’Herpiniere, Michel & Perkins, Mandaley, Hanoi, Adieu: A Bittersweet Memoir of a Frenchman in Indochina, (Enfield, N.S.W : Haper Perennial, 2006)
Prados, John, “Assessing Dien Bien Phu” in Lawrence, Mark Atwood & Logevall, Fredrik (eds.), The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2007)
Thee, Marek, “The Indochina Wars: Great Power Involvement - Escalation and Disengagement”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1976)
Tønnesson, Stein, “The Longest Wars: Indochina 1945-75", Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 22, No. 1 (1985)
Tucker-Jones, Anthony, Dien Bien Phu: The First Indochina War, 1946-1954, (Barnsley : Pen and Sword Military, 2017)
Trương Như Tảng, Chanoff, David and Doan Van Toai, A Viet Cong Memoir: An Inside Account of the Vietnam War and its Aftermath, (New York, NY : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1985)
»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Mark Newton
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Philipp Appelt
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Research by: Mark Newton
Fact checking: Jesse Alexander
Channel Design: Simon Buckmaster
Contains licensed material by getty images and AP
Maps: MapTiler/OpenStreetMap Contributors & GEOlayers3
Music Library: Epidemic Sound
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2023
- published: 29 Sep 2023
- views: 1119627
5:23
Battle of Dien Bien Phu - French Indochina War '54
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the decisive battle of the French Indochina War. The outcome of the battle ended French colonial rule in Asia and ushered in Ame...
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the decisive battle of the French Indochina War. The outcome of the battle ended French colonial rule in Asia and ushered in America's later military involvement in the region. Many misconceptions that the French had about their enemy, the Vietnamese, led to the crushing defeat at Dien Bien Phu, and these misconceptions plagued the Americans too during their military involvement.
SONGS USED: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VU9GDQynBGo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFq7Wg8UYaA
Reflection by Oliver Michael
https://wn.com/Battle_Of_Dien_Bien_Phu_French_Indochina_War_'54
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the decisive battle of the French Indochina War. The outcome of the battle ended French colonial rule in Asia and ushered in America's later military involvement in the region. Many misconceptions that the French had about their enemy, the Vietnamese, led to the crushing defeat at Dien Bien Phu, and these misconceptions plagued the Americans too during their military involvement.
SONGS USED: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VU9GDQynBGo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFq7Wg8UYaA
Reflection by Oliver Michael
- published: 21 Mar 2021
- views: 262269
1:36
French Colonisation - The Vietnam War
By 1884 Vietnam had been divided into 3 territories & French law & culture were taking hold.
Watch The Vietnam War on Discovery UK - Thursdays at 2200 from 30t...
By 1884 Vietnam had been divided into 3 territories & French law & culture were taking hold.
Watch The Vietnam War on Discovery UK - Thursdays at 2200 from 30th April
Subscribe to Discovery TV for more great clips:
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=DiscoveryTV
Follow Discovery on Twitter:
http://www.twitter.com/DiscoveryUK
https://wn.com/French_Colonisation_The_Vietnam_War
By 1884 Vietnam had been divided into 3 territories & French law & culture were taking hold.
Watch The Vietnam War on Discovery UK - Thursdays at 2200 from 30th April
Subscribe to Discovery TV for more great clips:
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=DiscoveryTV
Follow Discovery on Twitter:
http://www.twitter.com/DiscoveryUK
- published: 17 Apr 2015
- views: 117654
26:07
FRENCH INVOLVEMENT IN VIETNAM & DIEN BIEN PHU 72662
Support Our Channel : https://www.patreon.com/PeriscopeFilm
This 1962 episode of the TV show "The 20th Century" presents the story of the French involvement in...
Support Our Channel : https://www.patreon.com/PeriscopeFilm
This 1962 episode of the TV show "The 20th Century" presents the story of the French involvement in Indochina and the devastating collapse at Dien Bien Phu.
The program starts with a short history of the region, beginning with the French struggle to control its colonies in Indochina - Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos following WWII. Despite financial assistance from the United States, nationalist uprisings against French colonial rule began to take their toll. On May 7, 1954, the French-held garrison at Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam fell after a four month siege led by Vietnamese nationalist Ho Chi Minh. After the fall of Dien Bien Phu, the French pulled out of the region. Concerned about regional instability, the United States became increasingly committed to countering communist nationalists in Indochina. The United States would not pull out of Vietnam for another twenty years.
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist-nationalist revolutionaries. It was, from the French view before the event, a set piece battle to draw out the Vietnamese and destroy them with superior firepower. The battle occurred between March and May 1954 and culminated in a comprehensive French defeat that influenced negotiations over the future of Indochina at Geneva.
As a result of blunders in French decision-making, the French began an operation to insert then support the soldiers at Dien Bien Phu, deep in the hills of northwestern Vietnam. Its purpose was to cut off Viet Minh supply lines into the neighboring Kingdom of Laos, a French ally, and tactically draw the Viet Minh into a major confrontation that would cripple them. The Viet Minh, however, under General Vo Nguyen Giap, surrounded and besieged the French, who knew of the weapons but were unaware of the vast amounts of the Viet Minh's heavy artillery being brought in (including anti-aircraft guns) and their ability to move these weapons through difficult terrain up the rear slopes of the mountains surrounding the French positions, dig tunnels through the mountain, and place the artillery pieces overlooking the French encampment. This positioning of the artillery made it nearly impervious to counter-battery fire.
The Viet Minh proceeded to occupy the highlands around Dien Bien Phu and bombard the French positions. Tenacious fighting on the ground ensued, reminiscent of the trench warfare of World War I. The French repeatedly repulsed Viet Minh assaults on their positions. Supplies and reinforcements were delivered by air, though as the key French positions were overrun the French perimeter contracted and air resupply on which the French had placed their hopes became impossible, and as the anti-aircraft fire took its toll, fewer and fewer of those supplies reached them. The garrison was overrun after a two-month siege and most French forces surrendered. A few escaped to Laos. The French government resigned and the new Prime Minister, the left-of-centre Pierre Mendès France, supported French withdrawal from Indochina.
The war ended shortly after the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and the signing of the 1954 Geneva Accords.
Motion picture films don't last forever; many have already been lost or destroyed. We collect, scan and preserve 35mm, 16mm and 8mm movies -- including home movies, industrial films, and other non-fiction. If you have films you'd like to have scanned or donate to Periscope Film, we'd love to hear from you. Contact us via the link below.
This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD and 2k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com
https://wn.com/French_Involvement_In_Vietnam_Dien_Bien_Phu_72662
Support Our Channel : https://www.patreon.com/PeriscopeFilm
This 1962 episode of the TV show "The 20th Century" presents the story of the French involvement in Indochina and the devastating collapse at Dien Bien Phu.
The program starts with a short history of the region, beginning with the French struggle to control its colonies in Indochina - Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos following WWII. Despite financial assistance from the United States, nationalist uprisings against French colonial rule began to take their toll. On May 7, 1954, the French-held garrison at Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam fell after a four month siege led by Vietnamese nationalist Ho Chi Minh. After the fall of Dien Bien Phu, the French pulled out of the region. Concerned about regional instability, the United States became increasingly committed to countering communist nationalists in Indochina. The United States would not pull out of Vietnam for another twenty years.
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist-nationalist revolutionaries. It was, from the French view before the event, a set piece battle to draw out the Vietnamese and destroy them with superior firepower. The battle occurred between March and May 1954 and culminated in a comprehensive French defeat that influenced negotiations over the future of Indochina at Geneva.
As a result of blunders in French decision-making, the French began an operation to insert then support the soldiers at Dien Bien Phu, deep in the hills of northwestern Vietnam. Its purpose was to cut off Viet Minh supply lines into the neighboring Kingdom of Laos, a French ally, and tactically draw the Viet Minh into a major confrontation that would cripple them. The Viet Minh, however, under General Vo Nguyen Giap, surrounded and besieged the French, who knew of the weapons but were unaware of the vast amounts of the Viet Minh's heavy artillery being brought in (including anti-aircraft guns) and their ability to move these weapons through difficult terrain up the rear slopes of the mountains surrounding the French positions, dig tunnels through the mountain, and place the artillery pieces overlooking the French encampment. This positioning of the artillery made it nearly impervious to counter-battery fire.
The Viet Minh proceeded to occupy the highlands around Dien Bien Phu and bombard the French positions. Tenacious fighting on the ground ensued, reminiscent of the trench warfare of World War I. The French repeatedly repulsed Viet Minh assaults on their positions. Supplies and reinforcements were delivered by air, though as the key French positions were overrun the French perimeter contracted and air resupply on which the French had placed their hopes became impossible, and as the anti-aircraft fire took its toll, fewer and fewer of those supplies reached them. The garrison was overrun after a two-month siege and most French forces surrendered. A few escaped to Laos. The French government resigned and the new Prime Minister, the left-of-centre Pierre Mendès France, supported French withdrawal from Indochina.
The war ended shortly after the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and the signing of the 1954 Geneva Accords.
Motion picture films don't last forever; many have already been lost or destroyed. We collect, scan and preserve 35mm, 16mm and 8mm movies -- including home movies, industrial films, and other non-fiction. If you have films you'd like to have scanned or donate to Periscope Film, we'd love to hear from you. Contact us via the link below.
This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD and 2k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com
- published: 21 May 2015
- views: 557189
25:45
The Vietnam Wars - Summary on a Map
This video retrace two and half centuries of the history of Vietnam. We talk about Dait Viet, French colonization, French Indochina, the Japanese domination dur...
This video retrace two and half centuries of the history of Vietnam. We talk about Dait Viet, French colonization, French Indochina, the Japanese domination during WWII, The First Indochina War, the Vietnam War and the Sino-Vietnamese War.
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Support the channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/geohistory
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English translation & voiceover: Matthew Bates https://www.epicvoiceover.com/
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Original French version: https://youtu.be/atqFqqz0uys
Russian version: https://youtu.be/P51GGliQf7M
Arabic version: https://youtu.be/bgnO3RfDg2M
Spanish version: https://youtu.be/jq0F0DsCZDI
Portuguese version (Brazil): https://youtu.be/BoAEtDFt6ZE
Japanese version: https://youtu.be/QKImYAAze-U
German version: https://youtu.be/pvJLztJiAFI
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Music: Made for Geo History by Ledge End: https://www.beatstars.com/ledgeend
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Software: Adobe After Effects
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Chapters
00:00 Dai Viet
01:10 French intervention
02:51 French conquest of Vietnam
04:30 French Cochinchina
05:56 Tonkin
07:30 French Indochina
09:04 Hồ Chí Minh
10:09 Japanese domination
12:20 Instability
14:04 The First Indochina War
16:13 The United States
17:47 The Vietnam War
19:17 The United States in trouble
21:02 End of the War
22:53 Reunification of Vietnam
24:31 Sino-Vietnamese War
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https://www.geo-history.com/content/en/the-vietnam-wars?id=rrjfKrp0KxMowx0MnkAE
#Vietnam #War #France #USA #Explained #History #GeoHistory
https://wn.com/The_Vietnam_Wars_Summary_On_A_Map
This video retrace two and half centuries of the history of Vietnam. We talk about Dait Viet, French colonization, French Indochina, the Japanese domination during WWII, The First Indochina War, the Vietnam War and the Sino-Vietnamese War.
--------
Support the channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/geohistory
--------
English translation & voiceover: Matthew Bates https://www.epicvoiceover.com/
--------
Original French version: https://youtu.be/atqFqqz0uys
Russian version: https://youtu.be/P51GGliQf7M
Arabic version: https://youtu.be/bgnO3RfDg2M
Spanish version: https://youtu.be/jq0F0DsCZDI
Portuguese version (Brazil): https://youtu.be/BoAEtDFt6ZE
Japanese version: https://youtu.be/QKImYAAze-U
German version: https://youtu.be/pvJLztJiAFI
--------
Music: Made for Geo History by Ledge End: https://www.beatstars.com/ledgeend
--------
Software: Adobe After Effects
--------
Chapters
00:00 Dai Viet
01:10 French intervention
02:51 French conquest of Vietnam
04:30 French Cochinchina
05:56 Tonkin
07:30 French Indochina
09:04 Hồ Chí Minh
10:09 Japanese domination
12:20 Instability
14:04 The First Indochina War
16:13 The United States
17:47 The Vietnam War
19:17 The United States in trouble
21:02 End of the War
22:53 Reunification of Vietnam
24:31 Sino-Vietnamese War
--------
https://www.geo-history.com/content/en/the-vietnam-wars?id=rrjfKrp0KxMowx0MnkAE
#Vietnam #War #France #USA #Explained #History #GeoHistory
- published: 20 Oct 2023
- views: 521904