A krypton fluoride laser (KrF laser) is a particular type of excimer laser, which is sometimes (more correctly) called an exciplex laser. With its 248 nanometer wavelength, it is a deep ultraviolet laser which is commonly used in the production of semiconductor integrated circuits, industrial micromachining, and scientific research. The term excimer is short for 'excited dimer', while exciplex is short for 'excited complex'. An excimer laser typically contains a mixture of: a noble gas such as argon, krypton, or xenon; and a halogen gas such as fluorine or chlorine; which under suitably intense conditions of electromagnetic stimulation and pressure, emits a beam of coherent stimulated radiation as laser light in the ultraviolet range.
KrF and ArF excimer lasers are widely incorporated into high-resolution photolithography machines, one of the critical tools required for microelectronic chip manufacturing in nanometer dimensions. Excimer laser lithography has enabled transistor feature sizes to shrink from 800 nanometers in 1990 to below 45 nanometers in 2010.
Krypton difluoride, KrF2 is a chemical compound of krypton and fluorine. It was the first compound of krypton discovered. It is a volatile, colourless solid. The structure of the KrF2 molecule is linear, with Kr−F distances of 188.9 pm. It reacts with strong Lewis acids to form salts of the KrF+ and Kr 2F+ 3cations.
Synthesis
Krypton difluoride can be synthesized using many different methods including electrical discharge, photochemical, hot wire, and proton bombardment. It can also be prepared by irradiating krypton with ultraviolet rays in a fluorine-argon gas mixture at -265 degrees. The product can be stored at −78°C without decomposition.
Electrical discharge
The first method used to make krypton difluoride; and although the identification of krypton tetrafluoride was later shown to be mistaken, it was the only experiment ever reported to produce krypton tetrafluoride was the electrical discharge method. The electrical discharge method involves having 1:1 to 2:1 mixtures of F2 to Kr at a pressure of 40 to 60 torr and then arcing large amounts of energy between it. Rates of almost 0.25g/h can be achieved. The problem with this method is that it is unreliable with respect to yield.
In this video we'll write the correct formula for Krypton difluoride (KrF2). To write the formula for Krypton difluoride we’ll use the Periodic Table and follow some simple rules.
When we have a non-metal and a non-metal we have a molecular compound (sometimes called covalent). Molecular compounds are some of the simplest to name.
Keys for Writing the Formulas for Molecular Compounds:
- Write the element symbol for both elements.
- Place a subscript after each element according to its prefix.
Note: Don’t write the subscript '1'.
---------
Prefixes
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
---------
Caution: We only write "mono" for the second element in a molecular compound. So CO would be carbon monoxide. Monocarbon monooxide is incorrect.
---Fo...
published: 11 Apr 2021
KrF2 Lewis Structure: How to Draw the Lewis Structure for KrF2 (Krypton Difluoride)
A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the KrF2 Lewis Dot Structure (Krypton Difluoride).
For the KrF2 structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for the KrF2 molecule. Once we know how many valence electrons there are in KrF2 we can distribute them around the central atom with the goal of filling the outer shells of each atom.
Because Krypton is below Period (row) Two on the periodic table it can hold more than eight valence electrons (termed an "expanded octet"). So in the Lewis structure for KrF2 its okay that we have 10 valence electrons around the Krypton atom.
In the Lewis structure of KrF2 structure there are a total of 22 valence electrons. KrF2 is also called Krypton Difluoride.
Note that KrF2 can have an Expanded Octet and have more tha...
KrF2, Krypton difluoride, Geometry optimization and IR spectrum in 1 minute
Hartree-Fock and SV / Hartree-Fock ve SV
Geometry Optimization / Geometri Optimizasyonu
ORCA 4.2.1, https://orcaforum.kofo.mpg.de/app.php/portal
Avogadro 1.2.0, https://avogadro.cc/
Notepad++ 7.9.1, https://notepad-plus-plus.org/
gnuplot 5.2 patch level 6, http://www.gnuplot.info/
#Computation #Quantum #spectroscopy #ORCA #Avogadro #gnuplot
Resources for more information
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/83721
https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.75543.html?rid=1fcf0c6d-37f5-4ed5-b21f-0ed1a6211342
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=Krypton+difluoride&Units=SI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton_difluoride
https://www.britannica.com/science/krypton-difluoride
KrF2 Lewis Structure: How to Draw the Lewis Structure for KrF2 (Krypton Difluoride)
https://www.youtube....
published: 26 Apr 2021
KrF2(Krypton Difluoride) Lewis Structure | How to Draw the Lewis Structure for KrF2
Krypton difluoride, KrF2 is a chemical compound of Krypton and fluorine. KrF2 is an extremely strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent. It was the first compound of krypton discovered. It is a volatile, colourless solid.
In this video, we will help you to determine the Lewis structure of KrF2.
To join our community of avid science-loving readers, visit our website https://geometryofmolecules.com/ And for more science-related videos, hit that subscribe button.
Download all the slides in PDF format from here: https://jamboard.google.com/d/1nC3gkggy07ObYWVOTax_BJUWQlOWM6E4rtnnzxmtfls/edit?usp=sharing
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published: 15 Dec 2021
The Krypton(Kr) Information, history : Krypton lamp
The Krypton(Kr) Information, history
Don't forget to click that subscribe button
#science#history#periodictable#Krypton#chemistry#education
published: 31 Mar 2023
Xenon Bonds - Periodic Table of Videos
Asked about "special bonds" - the Professor recalls some chemical tales involving "unreactive" Xenon.
Water Balloons from Sixty Symbols: http://youtu.be/nacPIOb68Ws
More chemistry at http://www.periodicvideos.com/
Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos
And on Twitter at http://twitter.com/periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/chemistry/index.aspx
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: http://www.bradyharan.com/
A run-down of Brady's channels: http://bit.ly/bradychannels
In this video we'll write the correct formula for Krypton difluoride (KrF2). To write the formula for Krypton difluoride we’ll use the Periodic Table and follow...
In this video we'll write the correct formula for Krypton difluoride (KrF2). To write the formula for Krypton difluoride we’ll use the Periodic Table and follow some simple rules.
When we have a non-metal and a non-metal we have a molecular compound (sometimes called covalent). Molecular compounds are some of the simplest to name.
Keys for Writing the Formulas for Molecular Compounds:
- Write the element symbol for both elements.
- Place a subscript after each element according to its prefix.
Note: Don’t write the subscript '1'.
---------
Prefixes
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
---------
Caution: We only write "mono" for the second element in a molecular compound. So CO would be carbon monoxide. Monocarbon monooxide is incorrect.
---Formula Writing Resources---
• Writing Formulas for Molecular compounds: https://youtu.be/ElhicLT-pCc
• Introduction to Formula Writing: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZR1BGWBaZ1zR3-Dy1RyHA-sfVbhrvBHv
For a complete tutorial on naming and formula writing for compounds, like Krypton difluoride and more, visit:
http://www.breslyn.org/chemistry/naming
Drawing/writing done in InkScape (http://www.InkScape.org). Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
In this video we'll write the correct formula for Krypton difluoride (KrF2). To write the formula for Krypton difluoride we’ll use the Periodic Table and follow some simple rules.
When we have a non-metal and a non-metal we have a molecular compound (sometimes called covalent). Molecular compounds are some of the simplest to name.
Keys for Writing the Formulas for Molecular Compounds:
- Write the element symbol for both elements.
- Place a subscript after each element according to its prefix.
Note: Don’t write the subscript '1'.
---------
Prefixes
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
---------
Caution: We only write "mono" for the second element in a molecular compound. So CO would be carbon monoxide. Monocarbon monooxide is incorrect.
---Formula Writing Resources---
• Writing Formulas for Molecular compounds: https://youtu.be/ElhicLT-pCc
• Introduction to Formula Writing: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZR1BGWBaZ1zR3-Dy1RyHA-sfVbhrvBHv
For a complete tutorial on naming and formula writing for compounds, like Krypton difluoride and more, visit:
http://www.breslyn.org/chemistry/naming
Drawing/writing done in InkScape (http://www.InkScape.org). Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the KrF2 Lewis Dot Structure (Krypton Difluoride).
For the KrF2 structure use the periodic table to find the total nu...
A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the KrF2 Lewis Dot Structure (Krypton Difluoride).
For the KrF2 structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for the KrF2 molecule. Once we know how many valence electrons there are in KrF2 we can distribute them around the central atom with the goal of filling the outer shells of each atom.
Because Krypton is below Period (row) Two on the periodic table it can hold more than eight valence electrons (termed an "expanded octet"). So in the Lewis structure for KrF2 its okay that we have 10 valence electrons around the Krypton atom.
In the Lewis structure of KrF2 structure there are a total of 22 valence electrons. KrF2 is also called Krypton Difluoride.
Note that KrF2 can have an Expanded Octet and have more than eight valence electrons. Because of this there may be several possible Lewis Structures. To arrive at the most favorable Lewis Structure we need to consider formal charges. See how to calculate formal charges: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOFAPlq4y_k
----- Steps to Write Lewis Structure for compounds like KrF2 ------
1. Find the total valence electrons for the KrF2 molecule.
2. Put the least electronegative atom in the center. Note: Hydrogen (H) always goes outside.
3. Put two electrons between atoms to form a chemical bond.
4. Complete octets on outside atoms.
5. If central atom does not have an octet, move electrons from outer atoms to form double or triple bonds.
----- Lewis Resources -----
• Lewis Structures Made Simple: https://youtu.be/1ZlnzyHahvo
• More practice: https://youtu.be/DQclmBeIKTc
• Counting Valence Electrons: https://youtu.be/VBp7mKdcrDk
• Calculating Formal Charge: https://youtu.be/vOFAPlq4y_k
• Exceptions to the Octet Rule: https://youtu.be/Dkj-SMBLQzM
Lewis Structures, also called Electron Dot Structures, are important to learn because they help us understand how atoms and electrons are arranged in a molecule, such as Krypton Difluoride. This can help us determine the molecular geometry, how the molecule might react with other molecules, and some of the physical properties of the molecule (like boiling point and surface tension).
Chemistry help at https://www.Breslyn.org
A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the KrF2 Lewis Dot Structure (Krypton Difluoride).
For the KrF2 structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for the KrF2 molecule. Once we know how many valence electrons there are in KrF2 we can distribute them around the central atom with the goal of filling the outer shells of each atom.
Because Krypton is below Period (row) Two on the periodic table it can hold more than eight valence electrons (termed an "expanded octet"). So in the Lewis structure for KrF2 its okay that we have 10 valence electrons around the Krypton atom.
In the Lewis structure of KrF2 structure there are a total of 22 valence electrons. KrF2 is also called Krypton Difluoride.
Note that KrF2 can have an Expanded Octet and have more than eight valence electrons. Because of this there may be several possible Lewis Structures. To arrive at the most favorable Lewis Structure we need to consider formal charges. See how to calculate formal charges: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOFAPlq4y_k
----- Steps to Write Lewis Structure for compounds like KrF2 ------
1. Find the total valence electrons for the KrF2 molecule.
2. Put the least electronegative atom in the center. Note: Hydrogen (H) always goes outside.
3. Put two electrons between atoms to form a chemical bond.
4. Complete octets on outside atoms.
5. If central atom does not have an octet, move electrons from outer atoms to form double or triple bonds.
----- Lewis Resources -----
• Lewis Structures Made Simple: https://youtu.be/1ZlnzyHahvo
• More practice: https://youtu.be/DQclmBeIKTc
• Counting Valence Electrons: https://youtu.be/VBp7mKdcrDk
• Calculating Formal Charge: https://youtu.be/vOFAPlq4y_k
• Exceptions to the Octet Rule: https://youtu.be/Dkj-SMBLQzM
Lewis Structures, also called Electron Dot Structures, are important to learn because they help us understand how atoms and electrons are arranged in a molecule, such as Krypton Difluoride. This can help us determine the molecular geometry, how the molecule might react with other molecules, and some of the physical properties of the molecule (like boiling point and surface tension).
Chemistry help at https://www.Breslyn.org
Krypton difluoride, KrF2 is a chemical compound of Krypton and fluorine. KrF2 is an extremely strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent. It was the first compound...
Krypton difluoride, KrF2 is a chemical compound of Krypton and fluorine. KrF2 is an extremely strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent. It was the first compound of krypton discovered. It is a volatile, colourless solid.
In this video, we will help you to determine the Lewis structure of KrF2.
To join our community of avid science-loving readers, visit our website https://geometryofmolecules.com/ And for more science-related videos, hit that subscribe button.
Download all the slides in PDF format from here: https://jamboard.google.com/d/1nC3gkggy07ObYWVOTax_BJUWQlOWM6E4rtnnzxmtfls/edit?usp=sharing
► Below are the Tools we use to make our Videos more engaging :
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Best YouTube Marketing Tool: https://tinyurlz.co/yvyzQ
Thanks For Watching!
#KrF2 #KrF2Lewisstructure #KryptonDifluoride #GeometryOfMolecules
Krypton difluoride, KrF2 is a chemical compound of Krypton and fluorine. KrF2 is an extremely strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent. It was the first compound of krypton discovered. It is a volatile, colourless solid.
In this video, we will help you to determine the Lewis structure of KrF2.
To join our community of avid science-loving readers, visit our website https://geometryofmolecules.com/ And for more science-related videos, hit that subscribe button.
Download all the slides in PDF format from here: https://jamboard.google.com/d/1nC3gkggy07ObYWVOTax_BJUWQlOWM6E4rtnnzxmtfls/edit?usp=sharing
► Below are the Tools we use to make our Videos more engaging :
Best Video Editor Tool: https://tinyurlz.co/sfPr0
Best YouTube Marketing Tool: https://tinyurlz.co/yvyzQ
Thanks For Watching!
#KrF2 #KrF2Lewisstructure #KryptonDifluoride #GeometryOfMolecules
Asked about "special bonds" - the Professor recalls some chemical tales involving "unreactive" Xenon.
Water Balloons from Sixty Symbols: http://youtu.be/nacPIO...
Asked about "special bonds" - the Professor recalls some chemical tales involving "unreactive" Xenon.
Water Balloons from Sixty Symbols: http://youtu.be/nacPIOb68Ws
More chemistry at http://www.periodicvideos.com/
Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos
And on Twitter at http://twitter.com/periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/chemistry/index.aspx
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: http://www.bradyharan.com/
A run-down of Brady's channels: http://bit.ly/bradychannels
Asked about "special bonds" - the Professor recalls some chemical tales involving "unreactive" Xenon.
Water Balloons from Sixty Symbols: http://youtu.be/nacPIOb68Ws
More chemistry at http://www.periodicvideos.com/
Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos
And on Twitter at http://twitter.com/periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/chemistry/index.aspx
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: http://www.bradyharan.com/
A run-down of Brady's channels: http://bit.ly/bradychannels
In this video we'll write the correct formula for Krypton difluoride (KrF2). To write the formula for Krypton difluoride we’ll use the Periodic Table and follow some simple rules.
When we have a non-metal and a non-metal we have a molecular compound (sometimes called covalent). Molecular compounds are some of the simplest to name.
Keys for Writing the Formulas for Molecular Compounds:
- Write the element symbol for both elements.
- Place a subscript after each element according to its prefix.
Note: Don’t write the subscript '1'.
---------
Prefixes
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
---------
Caution: We only write "mono" for the second element in a molecular compound. So CO would be carbon monoxide. Monocarbon monooxide is incorrect.
---Formula Writing Resources---
• Writing Formulas for Molecular compounds: https://youtu.be/ElhicLT-pCc
• Introduction to Formula Writing: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZR1BGWBaZ1zR3-Dy1RyHA-sfVbhrvBHv
For a complete tutorial on naming and formula writing for compounds, like Krypton difluoride and more, visit:
http://www.breslyn.org/chemistry/naming
Drawing/writing done in InkScape (http://www.InkScape.org). Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the KrF2 Lewis Dot Structure (Krypton Difluoride).
For the KrF2 structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for the KrF2 molecule. Once we know how many valence electrons there are in KrF2 we can distribute them around the central atom with the goal of filling the outer shells of each atom.
Because Krypton is below Period (row) Two on the periodic table it can hold more than eight valence electrons (termed an "expanded octet"). So in the Lewis structure for KrF2 its okay that we have 10 valence electrons around the Krypton atom.
In the Lewis structure of KrF2 structure there are a total of 22 valence electrons. KrF2 is also called Krypton Difluoride.
Note that KrF2 can have an Expanded Octet and have more than eight valence electrons. Because of this there may be several possible Lewis Structures. To arrive at the most favorable Lewis Structure we need to consider formal charges. See how to calculate formal charges: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOFAPlq4y_k
----- Steps to Write Lewis Structure for compounds like KrF2 ------
1. Find the total valence electrons for the KrF2 molecule.
2. Put the least electronegative atom in the center. Note: Hydrogen (H) always goes outside.
3. Put two electrons between atoms to form a chemical bond.
4. Complete octets on outside atoms.
5. If central atom does not have an octet, move electrons from outer atoms to form double or triple bonds.
----- Lewis Resources -----
• Lewis Structures Made Simple: https://youtu.be/1ZlnzyHahvo
• More practice: https://youtu.be/DQclmBeIKTc
• Counting Valence Electrons: https://youtu.be/VBp7mKdcrDk
• Calculating Formal Charge: https://youtu.be/vOFAPlq4y_k
• Exceptions to the Octet Rule: https://youtu.be/Dkj-SMBLQzM
Lewis Structures, also called Electron Dot Structures, are important to learn because they help us understand how atoms and electrons are arranged in a molecule, such as Krypton Difluoride. This can help us determine the molecular geometry, how the molecule might react with other molecules, and some of the physical properties of the molecule (like boiling point and surface tension).
Chemistry help at https://www.Breslyn.org
Krypton difluoride, KrF2 is a chemical compound of Krypton and fluorine. KrF2 is an extremely strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent. It was the first compound of krypton discovered. It is a volatile, colourless solid.
In this video, we will help you to determine the Lewis structure of KrF2.
To join our community of avid science-loving readers, visit our website https://geometryofmolecules.com/ And for more science-related videos, hit that subscribe button.
Download all the slides in PDF format from here: https://jamboard.google.com/d/1nC3gkggy07ObYWVOTax_BJUWQlOWM6E4rtnnzxmtfls/edit?usp=sharing
► Below are the Tools we use to make our Videos more engaging :
Best Video Editor Tool: https://tinyurlz.co/sfPr0
Best YouTube Marketing Tool: https://tinyurlz.co/yvyzQ
Thanks For Watching!
#KrF2 #KrF2Lewisstructure #KryptonDifluoride #GeometryOfMolecules
Asked about "special bonds" - the Professor recalls some chemical tales involving "unreactive" Xenon.
Water Balloons from Sixty Symbols: http://youtu.be/nacPIOb68Ws
More chemistry at http://www.periodicvideos.com/
Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos
And on Twitter at http://twitter.com/periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/chemistry/index.aspx
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: http://www.bradyharan.com/
A run-down of Brady's channels: http://bit.ly/bradychannels
A krypton fluoride laser (KrF laser) is a particular type of excimer laser, which is sometimes (more correctly) called an exciplex laser. With its 248 nanometer wavelength, it is a deep ultraviolet laser which is commonly used in the production of semiconductor integrated circuits, industrial micromachining, and scientific research. The term excimer is short for 'excited dimer', while exciplex is short for 'excited complex'. An excimer laser typically contains a mixture of: a noble gas such as argon, krypton, or xenon; and a halogen gas such as fluorine or chlorine; which under suitably intense conditions of electromagnetic stimulation and pressure, emits a beam of coherent stimulated radiation as laser light in the ultraviolet range.
KrF and ArF excimer lasers are widely incorporated into high-resolution photolithography machines, one of the critical tools required for microelectronic chip manufacturing in nanometer dimensions. Excimer laser lithography has enabled transistor feature sizes to shrink from 800 nanometers in 1990 to below 45 nanometers in 2010.
The goal is to produce a new krypton-fluoride laser installation that generates 10 times higher laser energy at 10 times higher efficiency and over 30 times lower cost per joule than the NIF.