Hyperplasia is a common preneoplastic response to stimulus. Microscopically, cells resemble normal cells but are increased in numbers. Sometimes cells may also be increased in size (hypertrophy). Hyperplasia is different from hypertrophy in that the adaptive cell change in hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells, whereas hyperplasia involves an increase in the number of cells.
Signs and symptoms
Hyperplasia is considered to be a physiological (normal) response to a specific stimulus, and the cells of a hyperplastic growth remain subject to normal regulatory control mechanisms. This differs from neoplasia (the process underlying cancer and benign tumors), in which genetically abnormal cells manage to proliferate in a non-physiological manner which is unresponsive to normal stimuli.
This 3D medical animation shows the anatomy of the prostate gland, and its enlargement in a condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia. Common treatment options are also shown.
published: 27 Feb 2015
Cell Adaptations: pathology:HYPERTROPHY HYPERPLASIA AND METAPLASIA
A series of video tutorials discussing the pathology of cell injury and adaptations.
In this tutorial , i have discussed Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia and Metaplasia.
****Follow me*****
http://ilovepathology.com/
Twitter : https://twitter.com/VijayPatho
https://twitter.com/ilovepathology2
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ilovepathology/
HYPERTROPHY
Increase in the SIZE of the parenchymal cells
increase in the size of the organ
Cause :
Increased functional demand or
Stimulation by hormones and growth factors
Mechanisms :
Increased production of cellular proteins.
Due to the increased activation of genes responsible for the production of these proteins
sometimes a subcellular organelle may undergo selective hypertrophy
Eg: patients on barbiturates show hypertrophy of the smoo...
published: 23 Oct 2016
Muscle Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia | How Muscle Grows
Muscle Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia:
Myofibrils/ satellite cells are activated by a hormonal cascade
Testosterone causes GH release and helps convert IGF-1 to MGF
IGF-1 turns into mechano growth factor MGF and increases Protein synthesis
Higher Volume Training is typically optimal for testosterone response
Steps: Stimulus, signal, gene expression, protein synthesis
Tendon growth:
Hormone response can increase collage deposition
Extracellular matrix expands and reforms
Increased tissue tolerance
You can do more plyometrics
You can run longer, faster, jump higher without getting hurt
Credit to Dr. Andy Galpin, Greg Knuckles, Mike Zourdos, Brad Schoenfeld, and the team at MASS research review for posting information on various platforms that helped me make this video.
Studying for the...
http://www.stomponstep1.com/hypertrophy-hyperplasia-metaplasia-cellular-stress-adaption-cell-swelling-cell-injury-response/
Cellular Stress occurs when a cell is put in an inhospitable environment or required to do something it can't currently do. Overtime cells put under stress will either adapt to the new situation or die. Cells will also undergo changes if the amount of stress placed on them decreases or the type of stress changes.
Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual cells. Examples would include muscles getting bigger due to weight training or the heart wall thickening due to hypertension (and an increased work needed by the heart).
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue via mitosis. CNS and muscle (including heart tissue) cannot undergo hype...
published: 17 Jun 2014
What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?
CAH is a genetic condition that affects the way hormones are made in the adrenal gland. In this simple animated video, we explain how it occurs, the symptoms that result, and how it can be treated.
**If you enjoyed this video, remember to like it, share it and subscribe to our channel to see more great content**
Licenses to use this video for educational purposes can be purchased at: https://www.boclips.com/
Chapters
0:00 What is CAH?
1:47 Symptoms and diagnosis
3:02 Treatment and living with CAH
ABOUT US: HealthSketch is a channel about conveying health information in visually engaging ways, empowering us all to lead healthier lives. For more information, visit:
Website: http://www.health-sketch.com/
Facebook: http://facebook.com/healthsketch
Twitter: https://twitter.com/health_sketc...
published: 25 Sep 2016
Endometrial hyperplasia - an Osmosis Preview
Watch the full video, for free, here! https://osms.it/endometrial_hyperplasia
What is endometrial hyperplasia? With endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial refers to the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus, and hyperplasia means increased growth, so endometrial hyperplasia means excessive growth of the inner lining of the uterus.
Find our complete video library only on Osmosis Prime: http://osms.it/more.
Hundreds of thousands of current & future clinicians learn by Osmosis. We have unparalleled tools and materials to prepare you to succeed in school, on board exams, and as a future clinician. Sign up for a free trial at http://osms.it/more.
Subscribe to our Youtube channel at http://osms.it/subscribe.
Get early access to our upcoming video releases, practice qu...
published: 21 Apr 2021
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia : Etiology ,Pathophysiology ,Clinical features ,Diagnosis ,Treatment
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
---------------------------------------------------
A group of autosomal recessive defects in enzymes that are responsible for cortisol, aldosterone, and androgen synthesis. Characterized by low levels of cortisol, high levels of ACTH, and adrenal hyperplasia. The most common form (caused by a deficiency of 21β-hydroxylase) presents with hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, ambiguous genitalia and virilization (in females), and/or precocious puberty (in both males and females).
#congenitaladrenalhyperplasia #adrenogenitalsyndrome #pathologyvi...
This 3D medical animation shows the anatomy of the prostate gland, and its enlargement in a condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia. Common treatment opti...
This 3D medical animation shows the anatomy of the prostate gland, and its enlargement in a condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia. Common treatment options are also shown.
This 3D medical animation shows the anatomy of the prostate gland, and its enlargement in a condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia. Common treatment options are also shown.
A series of video tutorials discussing the pathology of cell injury and adaptations.
In this tutorial , i have discussed Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia and Metaplasi...
A series of video tutorials discussing the pathology of cell injury and adaptations.
In this tutorial , i have discussed Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia and Metaplasia.
****Follow me*****
http://ilovepathology.com/
Twitter : https://twitter.com/VijayPatho
https://twitter.com/ilovepathology2
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ilovepathology/
HYPERTROPHY
Increase in the SIZE of the parenchymal cells
increase in the size of the organ
Cause :
Increased functional demand or
Stimulation by hormones and growth factors
Mechanisms :
Increased production of cellular proteins.
Due to the increased activation of genes responsible for the production of these proteins
sometimes a subcellular organelle may undergo selective hypertrophy
Eg: patients on barbiturates show hypertrophy of the smooth endoplamic reticulum (ER) in hepatocytes.
HYPERPLASIA
Increase in the NUMBER of cells in an organ
It takes place if the cell population is capable of dividing
Mechanism :
Results from growth factor induced proliferation of mature cells or
Increased output of new cells from stem cells.
METAPLASIA
It is a reversible change
in which one differentiated cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type
Mechanism
Due to REPROGRAMMING of the precursor cells, present in the normal tissues.
Differentiation into a new cell lineage
By signals generated by various cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components in the cells' environment.
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why & How?"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXaO59IqQm8
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
A series of video tutorials discussing the pathology of cell injury and adaptations.
In this tutorial , i have discussed Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia and Metaplasia.
****Follow me*****
http://ilovepathology.com/
Twitter : https://twitter.com/VijayPatho
https://twitter.com/ilovepathology2
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ilovepathology/
HYPERTROPHY
Increase in the SIZE of the parenchymal cells
increase in the size of the organ
Cause :
Increased functional demand or
Stimulation by hormones and growth factors
Mechanisms :
Increased production of cellular proteins.
Due to the increased activation of genes responsible for the production of these proteins
sometimes a subcellular organelle may undergo selective hypertrophy
Eg: patients on barbiturates show hypertrophy of the smooth endoplamic reticulum (ER) in hepatocytes.
HYPERPLASIA
Increase in the NUMBER of cells in an organ
It takes place if the cell population is capable of dividing
Mechanism :
Results from growth factor induced proliferation of mature cells or
Increased output of new cells from stem cells.
METAPLASIA
It is a reversible change
in which one differentiated cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type
Mechanism
Due to REPROGRAMMING of the precursor cells, present in the normal tissues.
Differentiation into a new cell lineage
By signals generated by various cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components in the cells' environment.
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why & How?"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXaO59IqQm8
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Muscle Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia:
Myofibrils/ satellite cells are activated by a hormonal cascade
Testosterone causes GH release and helps convert IGF-1 to ...
Muscle Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia:
Myofibrils/ satellite cells are activated by a hormonal cascade
Testosterone causes GH release and helps convert IGF-1 to MGF
IGF-1 turns into mechano growth factor MGF and increases Protein synthesis
Higher Volume Training is typically optimal for testosterone response
Steps: Stimulus, signal, gene expression, protein synthesis
Tendon growth:
Hormone response can increase collage deposition
Extracellular matrix expands and reforms
Increased tissue tolerance
You can do more plyometrics
You can run longer, faster, jump higher without getting hurt
Credit to Dr. Andy Galpin, Greg Knuckles, Mike Zourdos, Brad Schoenfeld, and the team at MASS research review for posting information on various platforms that helped me make this video.
Studying for the CSCS Exam?
CSCS Prep Course: https://the-movement-system.mykajabi.com/strength-and-conditioning-study-course-sales-page
140 Question CSCS Practice Test: https://the-movement-system.mykajabi.com/offers/zhEzTMH2
👇🏽Click here to Join the Strength and Conditioning Study Group on Facebook!
https://www.facebook.com/groups/2415992685342170/
Make sure you check out some of the other CSCS Prep Videos I have done:
CSCS Nutrition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMb3Ho01BGE&t=799s
CSCS Work to Rest Ratios: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fMSm-A9jvE
Muscle Levers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcKgXeYlEkc
Olympic Lifting Technique: youtube.com/watch?v=jkaRxeteWBY
Comment below if you have any questions!
🧠 Learn more at www.themovementsystem.com
This is the CSCS Practice Test that I recommend: https://the-movement-system.mykajabi.com/offers/zhEzTMH2
Disclaimer: This video does not have any affiliation with, or any recognition, sponsorship, or endorsement by, the NSCA. CSCS® and Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist® are registered trademarks of the National Strength and Conditioning Association.
✅ Let’s Connect:
📱 Instagram: @themovementsystem
DM to learn more about my online training services for endurance athletes!
Business Inquiries: [email protected]
Muscle Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia:
Myofibrils/ satellite cells are activated by a hormonal cascade
Testosterone causes GH release and helps convert IGF-1 to MGF
IGF-1 turns into mechano growth factor MGF and increases Protein synthesis
Higher Volume Training is typically optimal for testosterone response
Steps: Stimulus, signal, gene expression, protein synthesis
Tendon growth:
Hormone response can increase collage deposition
Extracellular matrix expands and reforms
Increased tissue tolerance
You can do more plyometrics
You can run longer, faster, jump higher without getting hurt
Credit to Dr. Andy Galpin, Greg Knuckles, Mike Zourdos, Brad Schoenfeld, and the team at MASS research review for posting information on various platforms that helped me make this video.
Studying for the CSCS Exam?
CSCS Prep Course: https://the-movement-system.mykajabi.com/strength-and-conditioning-study-course-sales-page
140 Question CSCS Practice Test: https://the-movement-system.mykajabi.com/offers/zhEzTMH2
👇🏽Click here to Join the Strength and Conditioning Study Group on Facebook!
https://www.facebook.com/groups/2415992685342170/
Make sure you check out some of the other CSCS Prep Videos I have done:
CSCS Nutrition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMb3Ho01BGE&t=799s
CSCS Work to Rest Ratios: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fMSm-A9jvE
Muscle Levers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcKgXeYlEkc
Olympic Lifting Technique: youtube.com/watch?v=jkaRxeteWBY
Comment below if you have any questions!
🧠 Learn more at www.themovementsystem.com
This is the CSCS Practice Test that I recommend: https://the-movement-system.mykajabi.com/offers/zhEzTMH2
Disclaimer: This video does not have any affiliation with, or any recognition, sponsorship, or endorsement by, the NSCA. CSCS® and Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist® are registered trademarks of the National Strength and Conditioning Association.
✅ Let’s Connect:
📱 Instagram: @themovementsystem
DM to learn more about my online training services for endurance athletes!
Business Inquiries: [email protected]
http://www.stomponstep1.com/hypertrophy-hyperplasia-metaplasia-cellular-stress-adaption-cell-swelling-cell-injury-response/
Cellular Stress occurs when a cell ...
http://www.stomponstep1.com/hypertrophy-hyperplasia-metaplasia-cellular-stress-adaption-cell-swelling-cell-injury-response/
Cellular Stress occurs when a cell is put in an inhospitable environment or required to do something it can't currently do. Overtime cells put under stress will either adapt to the new situation or die. Cells will also undergo changes if the amount of stress placed on them decreases or the type of stress changes.
Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual cells. Examples would include muscles getting bigger due to weight training or the heart wall thickening due to hypertension (and an increased work needed by the heart).
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue via mitosis. CNS and muscle (including heart tissue) cannot undergo hyperplasia as they are permanent tissues "stuck" in the G0 phase. These tissues can only undergo hypertrophy to meet increased demand. An example would be hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex in Cushing's Disease in order to be able to produce more cortisol.
Metaplasia is when one cell type is replaced with a different cell type that is better equipped to handle new kind of stress placed on the tissue. This is a type of adaption is reversible. It can be physiologic or pathologic, but is not cancerous. However, prolonged Metaplasia can turn into Dysplasia which can become cancerous. An example would be Barrett's Esophogus. GERD leads to stomach acid in the esophagus and as a result stratified squamous esophageal cells are replaced by Goblet cells which can better handle stomach acid. Another example would be the replacement of pseudostratified columnar cells in the respiratory system with squamous epithelium as a result of cigarettes.
Atrophy is a decrease in cell size or decrease in cell number (apoptosis) in response to a decreased level of stress placed on the cells
Now that you have finished this video you should check out the next video in the Cell Injury, Cell Death & Cancer section which covers Apoptosis, Necrosis & Reversible Injury (http://www.stomponstep1.com/types-of-necrosis-and-apoptosis-definition-caspase-programmed-cell-death/)
http://www.stomponstep1.com/hypertrophy-hyperplasia-metaplasia-cellular-stress-adaption-cell-swelling-cell-injury-response/
Cellular Stress occurs when a cell is put in an inhospitable environment or required to do something it can't currently do. Overtime cells put under stress will either adapt to the new situation or die. Cells will also undergo changes if the amount of stress placed on them decreases or the type of stress changes.
Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual cells. Examples would include muscles getting bigger due to weight training or the heart wall thickening due to hypertension (and an increased work needed by the heart).
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue via mitosis. CNS and muscle (including heart tissue) cannot undergo hyperplasia as they are permanent tissues "stuck" in the G0 phase. These tissues can only undergo hypertrophy to meet increased demand. An example would be hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex in Cushing's Disease in order to be able to produce more cortisol.
Metaplasia is when one cell type is replaced with a different cell type that is better equipped to handle new kind of stress placed on the tissue. This is a type of adaption is reversible. It can be physiologic or pathologic, but is not cancerous. However, prolonged Metaplasia can turn into Dysplasia which can become cancerous. An example would be Barrett's Esophogus. GERD leads to stomach acid in the esophagus and as a result stratified squamous esophageal cells are replaced by Goblet cells which can better handle stomach acid. Another example would be the replacement of pseudostratified columnar cells in the respiratory system with squamous epithelium as a result of cigarettes.
Atrophy is a decrease in cell size or decrease in cell number (apoptosis) in response to a decreased level of stress placed on the cells
Now that you have finished this video you should check out the next video in the Cell Injury, Cell Death & Cancer section which covers Apoptosis, Necrosis & Reversible Injury (http://www.stomponstep1.com/types-of-necrosis-and-apoptosis-definition-caspase-programmed-cell-death/)
CAH is a genetic condition that affects the way hormones are made in the adrenal gland. In this simple animated video, we explain how it occurs, the symptoms th...
CAH is a genetic condition that affects the way hormones are made in the adrenal gland. In this simple animated video, we explain how it occurs, the symptoms that result, and how it can be treated.
**If you enjoyed this video, remember to like it, share it and subscribe to our channel to see more great content**
Licenses to use this video for educational purposes can be purchased at: https://www.boclips.com/
Chapters
0:00 What is CAH?
1:47 Symptoms and diagnosis
3:02 Treatment and living with CAH
ABOUT US: HealthSketch is a channel about conveying health information in visually engaging ways, empowering us all to lead healthier lives. For more information, visit:
Website: http://www.health-sketch.com/
Facebook: http://facebook.com/healthsketch
Twitter: https://twitter.com/health_sketch
Whiteboard Animation by Russ Law: [email protected]
NOTE: All content, including graphics, audio, text, and links, is for information and education purposes only. This video should not be considered a substitute for professional medical care, so if you have further questions or concerns, please consult a medical professional.
TRANSLATIONS: Many thanks to Youtube community translators who have kindly volunteered subtitles in different languages. While we are unable to verify their accuracy, we welcome new submissions to help reach audiences around the world. If subtitles are not available in your local language, please consider contributing subtitles.
This video was supported by the 'Living with CAH Group'
http://www.livingwithcah.com
CAH is a genetic condition that affects the way hormones are made in the adrenal gland. In this simple animated video, we explain how it occurs, the symptoms that result, and how it can be treated.
**If you enjoyed this video, remember to like it, share it and subscribe to our channel to see more great content**
Licenses to use this video for educational purposes can be purchased at: https://www.boclips.com/
Chapters
0:00 What is CAH?
1:47 Symptoms and diagnosis
3:02 Treatment and living with CAH
ABOUT US: HealthSketch is a channel about conveying health information in visually engaging ways, empowering us all to lead healthier lives. For more information, visit:
Website: http://www.health-sketch.com/
Facebook: http://facebook.com/healthsketch
Twitter: https://twitter.com/health_sketch
Whiteboard Animation by Russ Law: [email protected]
NOTE: All content, including graphics, audio, text, and links, is for information and education purposes only. This video should not be considered a substitute for professional medical care, so if you have further questions or concerns, please consult a medical professional.
TRANSLATIONS: Many thanks to Youtube community translators who have kindly volunteered subtitles in different languages. While we are unable to verify their accuracy, we welcome new submissions to help reach audiences around the world. If subtitles are not available in your local language, please consider contributing subtitles.
This video was supported by the 'Living with CAH Group'
http://www.livingwithcah.com
Watch the full video, for free, here! https://osms.it/endometrial_hyperplasia
What is endometrial hyperplasia? With endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial refers...
Watch the full video, for free, here! https://osms.it/endometrial_hyperplasia
What is endometrial hyperplasia? With endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial refers to the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus, and hyperplasia means increased growth, so endometrial hyperplasia means excessive growth of the inner lining of the uterus.
Find our complete video library only on Osmosis Prime: http://osms.it/more.
Hundreds of thousands of current & future clinicians learn by Osmosis. We have unparalleled tools and materials to prepare you to succeed in school, on board exams, and as a future clinician. Sign up for a free trial at http://osms.it/more.
Subscribe to our Youtube channel at http://osms.it/subscribe.
Get early access to our upcoming video releases, practice questions, giveaways, and more when you follow us on social media:
Facebook: http://osms.it/facebook
Twitter: http://osms.it/twitter
Instagram: http://osms.it/instagram
Our Vision: Everyone who cares for someone will learn by Osmosis.
Our Mission: To empower the world’s clinicians and caregivers with the best learning experience possible. Learn more here: http://osms.it/mission
Medical disclaimer: Knowledge Diffusion Inc (DBA Osmosis) does not provide medical advice. Osmosis and the content available on Osmosis's properties (Osmosis.org, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.
Watch the full video, for free, here! https://osms.it/endometrial_hyperplasia
What is endometrial hyperplasia? With endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial refers to the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus, and hyperplasia means increased growth, so endometrial hyperplasia means excessive growth of the inner lining of the uterus.
Find our complete video library only on Osmosis Prime: http://osms.it/more.
Hundreds of thousands of current & future clinicians learn by Osmosis. We have unparalleled tools and materials to prepare you to succeed in school, on board exams, and as a future clinician. Sign up for a free trial at http://osms.it/more.
Subscribe to our Youtube channel at http://osms.it/subscribe.
Get early access to our upcoming video releases, practice questions, giveaways, and more when you follow us on social media:
Facebook: http://osms.it/facebook
Twitter: http://osms.it/twitter
Instagram: http://osms.it/instagram
Our Vision: Everyone who cares for someone will learn by Osmosis.
Our Mission: To empower the world’s clinicians and caregivers with the best learning experience possible. Learn more here: http://osms.it/mission
Medical disclaimer: Knowledge Diffusion Inc (DBA Osmosis) does not provide medical advice. Osmosis and the content available on Osmosis's properties (Osmosis.org, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
---------------------------------------------------
A group of autosomal recessive defects in enzymes that are responsible for cortisol, aldosterone, and androgen synthesis. Characterized by low levels of cortisol, high levels of ACTH, and adrenal hyperplasia. The most common form (caused by a deficiency of 21β-hydroxylase) presents with hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, ambiguous genitalia and virilization (in females), and/or precocious puberty (in both males and females).
#congenitaladrenalhyperplasia #adrenogenitalsyndrome #pathologyvideos #usmlevideos
📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
---------------------------------------------------
A group of autosomal recessive defects in enzymes that are responsible for cortisol, aldosterone, and androgen synthesis. Characterized by low levels of cortisol, high levels of ACTH, and adrenal hyperplasia. The most common form (caused by a deficiency of 21β-hydroxylase) presents with hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, ambiguous genitalia and virilization (in females), and/or precocious puberty (in both males and females).
#congenitaladrenalhyperplasia #adrenogenitalsyndrome #pathologyvideos #usmlevideos
This 3D medical animation shows the anatomy of the prostate gland, and its enlargement in a condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia. Common treatment options are also shown.
A series of video tutorials discussing the pathology of cell injury and adaptations.
In this tutorial , i have discussed Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia and Metaplasia.
****Follow me*****
http://ilovepathology.com/
Twitter : https://twitter.com/VijayPatho
https://twitter.com/ilovepathology2
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ilovepathology/
HYPERTROPHY
Increase in the SIZE of the parenchymal cells
increase in the size of the organ
Cause :
Increased functional demand or
Stimulation by hormones and growth factors
Mechanisms :
Increased production of cellular proteins.
Due to the increased activation of genes responsible for the production of these proteins
sometimes a subcellular organelle may undergo selective hypertrophy
Eg: patients on barbiturates show hypertrophy of the smooth endoplamic reticulum (ER) in hepatocytes.
HYPERPLASIA
Increase in the NUMBER of cells in an organ
It takes place if the cell population is capable of dividing
Mechanism :
Results from growth factor induced proliferation of mature cells or
Increased output of new cells from stem cells.
METAPLASIA
It is a reversible change
in which one differentiated cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type
Mechanism
Due to REPROGRAMMING of the precursor cells, present in the normal tissues.
Differentiation into a new cell lineage
By signals generated by various cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components in the cells' environment.
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why & How?"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXaO59IqQm8
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Muscle Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia:
Myofibrils/ satellite cells are activated by a hormonal cascade
Testosterone causes GH release and helps convert IGF-1 to MGF
IGF-1 turns into mechano growth factor MGF and increases Protein synthesis
Higher Volume Training is typically optimal for testosterone response
Steps: Stimulus, signal, gene expression, protein synthesis
Tendon growth:
Hormone response can increase collage deposition
Extracellular matrix expands and reforms
Increased tissue tolerance
You can do more plyometrics
You can run longer, faster, jump higher without getting hurt
Credit to Dr. Andy Galpin, Greg Knuckles, Mike Zourdos, Brad Schoenfeld, and the team at MASS research review for posting information on various platforms that helped me make this video.
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http://www.stomponstep1.com/hypertrophy-hyperplasia-metaplasia-cellular-stress-adaption-cell-swelling-cell-injury-response/
Cellular Stress occurs when a cell is put in an inhospitable environment or required to do something it can't currently do. Overtime cells put under stress will either adapt to the new situation or die. Cells will also undergo changes if the amount of stress placed on them decreases or the type of stress changes.
Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual cells. Examples would include muscles getting bigger due to weight training or the heart wall thickening due to hypertension (and an increased work needed by the heart).
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue via mitosis. CNS and muscle (including heart tissue) cannot undergo hyperplasia as they are permanent tissues "stuck" in the G0 phase. These tissues can only undergo hypertrophy to meet increased demand. An example would be hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex in Cushing's Disease in order to be able to produce more cortisol.
Metaplasia is when one cell type is replaced with a different cell type that is better equipped to handle new kind of stress placed on the tissue. This is a type of adaption is reversible. It can be physiologic or pathologic, but is not cancerous. However, prolonged Metaplasia can turn into Dysplasia which can become cancerous. An example would be Barrett's Esophogus. GERD leads to stomach acid in the esophagus and as a result stratified squamous esophageal cells are replaced by Goblet cells which can better handle stomach acid. Another example would be the replacement of pseudostratified columnar cells in the respiratory system with squamous epithelium as a result of cigarettes.
Atrophy is a decrease in cell size or decrease in cell number (apoptosis) in response to a decreased level of stress placed on the cells
Now that you have finished this video you should check out the next video in the Cell Injury, Cell Death & Cancer section which covers Apoptosis, Necrosis & Reversible Injury (http://www.stomponstep1.com/types-of-necrosis-and-apoptosis-definition-caspase-programmed-cell-death/)
CAH is a genetic condition that affects the way hormones are made in the adrenal gland. In this simple animated video, we explain how it occurs, the symptoms that result, and how it can be treated.
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0:00 What is CAH?
1:47 Symptoms and diagnosis
3:02 Treatment and living with CAH
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What is endometrial hyperplasia? With endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial refers to the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus, and hyperplasia means increased growth, so endometrial hyperplasia means excessive growth of the inner lining of the uterus.
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
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A group of autosomal recessive defects in enzymes that are responsible for cortisol, aldosterone, and androgen synthesis. Characterized by low levels of cortisol, high levels of ACTH, and adrenal hyperplasia. The most common form (caused by a deficiency of 21β-hydroxylase) presents with hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, ambiguous genitalia and virilization (in females), and/or precocious puberty (in both males and females).
#congenitaladrenalhyperplasia #adrenogenitalsyndrome #pathologyvideos #usmlevideos
Hyperplasia is a common preneoplastic response to stimulus. Microscopically, cells resemble normal cells but are increased in numbers. Sometimes cells may also be increased in size (hypertrophy). Hyperplasia is different from hypertrophy in that the adaptive cell change in hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells, whereas hyperplasia involves an increase in the number of cells.
Signs and symptoms
Hyperplasia is considered to be a physiological (normal) response to a specific stimulus, and the cells of a hyperplastic growth remain subject to normal regulatory control mechanisms. This differs from neoplasia (the process underlying cancer and benign tumors), in which genetically abnormal cells manage to proliferate in a non-physiological manner which is unresponsive to normal stimuli.
About Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged ... Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).https.//emedicine.medscape.com/article/437359-print.
CRENESSITY, a First-in-Class Treatment for ClassicCongenitalAdrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), is now commercially available in the U.S ... of age and older with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
With ClassicCongenitalAdrenal Hyperplasia. • CRENESSITY, a First-in-Class Treatment for Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), is now commercially available in the U.S ... About Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
... classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) ... Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a rare genetic condition affecting the adrenal glands, which produce hormones such as cortisol and androgens.
Vale, has conducted groundbreaking research uncovering the critical role of corticotropin-releasing factor and its receptor, CRF1, in the pathophysiology of congenital adrenal hyperplasia," said Kyle W.
(MENAFN - EIN Presswire) CongenitalAdrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) Therapeutic Market The congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) therapeutic market is evolving, driven by new treatment options and ... .
10, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Rivermark Medical, a leader in minimally invasive solutions for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), today announced the close of a $30 million Series C financing round.
The applications cover the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) ... Learn more about the FDA-approved congenital adrenal hyperplasia drugs @ Drugs for CongenitalAdrenal Hyperplasia Treatment.
Longview News-Journal
14 Dec 2024
Longview News-Journal
14 Dec 2024