'+pages+''); $('.stream > div:odd').addClass('bgr_color'); updateHeight('#history'); }); window.activateTabArea = ensure(function(tab, areas){ var parsed = false; var parts = (areas || '').split('/'); window.fsonload = $.inArray('fs', parts) >= 0; if(fsonload){ parts.splice(parts.indexOf('fs'), 1); } var replayMode = false; if($.inArray('replay', parts)>=0){ replayMode = 'replay'; } var noSoundMode = false; if($.inArray('nosound', parts)>=0){ noSoundMode = 'nosound'; } if($.inArray('ns', parts)>=0){ noSoundMode = 'ns'; } var previewMode = null; if($.inArray('p', parts)>=0){ previewMode = 'p'; } if($.inArray('preview', parts)>=0){ previewMode = 'preview'; } if($.inArray('repeat', parts)>=0){ replayMode = 'repeat'; } if($.inArray('r', parts)>=0 || $.inArray('ro', parts)>=0){ replayMode = 'r'; } if(replayMode){ parts.splice(parts.indexOf(replayMode), 1); } if(noSoundMode){ parts.splice(parts.indexOf(noSoundMode), 1); } if(previewMode){ parts.splice(parts.indexOf(previewMode), 1); } if(previewMode){ if(!parts.length){ parts = ['1-14', '999:59']; } } var area = parts[0]; if(tab == 'history' && false){ var page = parseInt(area || '1') || 1; $.ajax({ url: 'https://login.wn.com/recent/json/?pp='+history_pp+'&skip='+history_pp*(page-1), dataType: 'jsonp', success: function(response){ $ensure(function(){ renderHistory(response, page); }); } }); return true; } if(tab == 'global_history' && false){ var page = parseInt(area || '1') || 1; globalHistory.fetchStream(page, '', function(){ updateHeight('#global_history'); }); return true; } if(tab == 'my_playlists' && false){ var page = parseInt(area || '1') || 1; myPlaylists.fetchStream(page, '', function(){ updateHeight('#my_playlists'); }); return true; } if(tab == 'my_videos' && false){ var page = parseInt(area || '1') || 1; myVideos.fetchStream(page, '', function(){ updateHeight('#my_videos'); }); return true; } if(tab == 'related_sites' && areas && matchPosition(areas)){ var seconds = parsePosition(areas); scrollRelated(seconds); return false; } if(matchPosition(area) || matchAction(area)){ parts.unshift('1'); area = parts[0]; } if(tab == 'expand' && area && area.match(/\d+/)) { var num = parseInt(area); if(num < 100){ //FIX ME. 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}else{ start_import(); } return true; } if(tab == 'chat'){ update_chat_position($('.chat').eq(0)); window.activeArea = 'chat'; jQuery('.tabtrigger').offscreentabs('activateTab', 'chat'); return true; } if(tab in rev_names){ tab = rev_names[tab]; } if(tab.match(':')){ return false; } var sup = $('ul li a[id=#'+tab+']'); if(sup && sup.length>0){ window.activeArea = area; sup.first().click(); if(!window.activateTabArea(tab, area)){ window.activeArea = null; } window.activeArea = null; return true; }else{ var have_tabs = $('#playlist_menu li').length; if(tab.match(/^playlists?\d+$/)){ var to_add = +tab.substring(8).replace(/^s/,'')-have_tabs; if(to_add>0 && have_tabs){ add_more_videos(to_add); return true; } } } return false; }); window.currentPath = ensure(function(){ return window.lastHistory.replace(basepath, '').split('?')[0]; }); window.main_tab = window.main_tab || 'videos'; window.addHistory = ensure(function(path){ if(window.console && console.log) console.log("Adding to history: "+path); 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2008 in spaceflight

The year 2008 contained several significant events in spaceflight, including the first flyby of Mercury by a spacecraft since 1975, the discovery of water ice on Mars by the Phoenix spacecraft, which landed in May, the first Chinese spacewalk in September, and the launch of the first Indian Lunar probe in October.

Overview

The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first recorded spaceflight launch of the year occurred on 11 January, when a Black Brant was launched on a suborbital trajectory from White Sands, with the LIDOS ultraviolet astronomy payload. This was followed by the first orbital launch of the year on 15 January, by a Sea Launch Zenit-3SL, with the Thuraya 3 communications satellite. The launch marked the return to flight for Sea Launch following the explosion of a Zenit-3SL on the launch pad the previous January during an attempt to launch the NSS-8 satellite.

Five carrier rockets made their maiden flights in 2008; the Ariane 5ES, Long March 3C, Zenit-3SLB, PSLV-XL, and the operational version of the Falcon 1, with an uprated Merlin-1C engine. These were all derived from existing systems. The Blue Sparrow and Sejjil missiles also conducted their maiden flights, and the ATK Launch Vehicle made its only flight, but was destroyed by range safety after it went off course. In November, the baseline Proton-M was retired in favour of the Enhanced variant, first launched in 2007.

2011 in spaceflight

The year 2011 saw a number of significant events in spaceflight, including the retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle after its final flight in July 2011, and the launch of China's first space station module, Tiangong-1, in September. A total of 84 orbital launches were conducted over the course of the year, of which 78 were successful. Russia, China and the United States conducted the majority of the year's orbital launches, with 35, 19 and 18 launches respectively; 2011 marked the first year that China conducted more successful launches than the United States. Seven manned missions were launched into orbit during 2011, carrying a total of 28 astronauts to the International Space Station. Additionally, the Zenit-3F and Long March 2F/G carrier rockets made their maiden flights in 2011, while the Delta II Heavy made its last.

Overview of orbital spaceflight

A total of 84 orbital launches were attempted in 2011, with 78 being reported as successful; 80 launches reached orbit. 35 launches were conducted using Russian and former Soviet rockets, whilst China launched 19 rockets, and the United States launched 18. Europe conducted five launches, India and Japan launched three rockets each, and Iran conducted one launch.

2009 in spaceflight

Several significant events in spaceflight occurred in 2009, including Iran conducting its first indigenous orbital launch, the first Swiss satellite being launched and New Zealand launching its first sounding rocket. The H-IIB and Naro-1 rockets conducted maiden flights, whilst the Tsyklon-3, Falcon 1 and Ariane 5GS were retired from service. The permanent crew of the International Space Station increased from three to six in May, and in the last few months of the year, Japan's first resupply mission to the outpost, HTV-1, was conducted successfully.

Overview

The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first spaceflight launch of the year was that of a Delta IV Heavy, carrying the USA-202 ELINT satellite, which launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at 02:47 GMT on 18 January. This was also the first orbital launch of the year.

On 2 February Iran conducted its first successful orbital launch, when a Safir was used to place the Omid satellite into low Earth orbit.

Podcasts:

  • 2009 in spaceflight | Wikipedia audio article

    This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_spaceflight 00:00:37 1 Overview 00:03:05 2 Space exploration 00:06:28 3 Manned spaceflight 00:08:36 4 Launch failures 00:10:38 5 Summary of launches 00:12:05 5.1 By country 00:14:49 6 List of launches 00:14:58 6.1 January 00:15:16 6.2 February 00:15:25 6.3 March 00:15:35 6.4 April 00:15:43 6.5 May 00:15:51 6.6 June 00:15:59 6.7 July 00:16:07 6.8 August 00:16:15 6.9 September 00:16:24 6.10 October 00:16:32 6.11 November Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening sk...

    published: 26 Dec 2018
  • Space & Spaceflight 2009

    Showreel of space and spaceflight clips from the Science Photo Library. For best results, please watch in HD. http://www.sciencephoto.com/motion

    published: 22 Sep 2009
  • Dean Acosta, 2009 Chairman, STS-129 Spaceflight Now interview

    Interview with Dean Acosta, 2009 Chairman of the Coalition for Space Exploration, speaking with Spaceflight Now during the STS-129 Launch

    published: 04 Dec 2009
  • Commercial Spaceflight is ready

    Although the Commercial Spaceflight industry has had a rocky start, right now hardware is being built, vehicles are being tested, and very soon we'll see the next major revolution, when we have a Commercial Spaceflight Netscape moment. Its time for NASA to utilize and Encourage the Commercial Spaceflight industry

    published: 16 Oct 2009
  • NASA Ponders the Future of Manned Spaceflight

    Forty years after man landed on the moon, NASA plans to retire the Space Shuttle in 2010. It will be five years before NASA has a vehicle ready to carry astronauts back into space, which has some concerned about the future of the space program. Kane Farabaugh sat down with Apollo astronaut Jim Lovell to discuss what is in store for space exploration. When astronaut Jim Lovell aimed for the moon during the Gemini and Apollo missions, he says there was a sense of excitement and adventure shared by people around the world. He served as Neil Armstrong's backup during the Apollo 11 lunar landings, and watched the dramatic event unfold from NASA's mission control center in Houston Texas. Jim Lowell preparing for an Apollo mission Jim Lovell preparing for an Apollo mission "After the flight, I ...

    published: 17 Aug 2009
  • NASA & the Commercial Spaceflight industry

    Let the Augustine committee know - http://www.nasa.gov/offices/hsf/contact_us/index.html Let President Obama's OSTP know - http://www.ostp.gov/cs/contact_us Let your Representative know - https://writerep.house.gov/writerep/welcome.shtml Let your Senator know - http://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm

    published: 14 Sep 2009
  • Aero-TV: ISDC 2009 -- The Future Of Commercial Spaceflight

    The Commercial Space Revolution Is Alive And Well! Just a smidgeon over five years ago, ANN was literally on the edge of history... watching the XPrize-inspired Mike Melvill head out and then return from the first successful commercial spaceflight in Burt Rutan's dreamrocket. A lot has happened since then... and a whole new industry... as well as a public perception of our future in space, has resulted. At the National Space Society's 28th annual International Space Development Conference, NSS and a very motivated group of people dedicated themselves to an in-depth look into the emerging privately funded sector of the space industry. The space industry is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. The Space Shuttle will be retired in less than two years, resulting in the loss o...

    published: 22 Jun 2009
  • Cambridge Uni SpaceFlight launch / June 2009

    CUSpaceflight launch of stratospheric experiments in their outreach competition took place at Churchill college sports grounds on June 10th 2009. It was a typical english day, dark skies and plenty of rain. Unfortunately the winds carried our experiments into the sea and this gives us the opportunity for another launch a little later into the summer.

    published: 10 Jun 2009
  • WATCH LIVE: NASA gives update on Crew 9 mission

    WATCH LIVE: NASA gives update on Crew 9 mission

    published: 07 Aug 2024
  • The Future of Human Spaceflight, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 11, 2009

    On December 11, 2009, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology hosted a panel titled, "The Future of Human Spaceflight." The panel discussed the Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee (commonly known as the Augustine Committee) report released in October 2009. The report became the foundation for the Obama administration's space policy reflected in their Fiscal Year 2011 proposed budget. Panelists included: David A. Mindell (Moderator) Professor in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society, MIT Norman Augustine Chairman, Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee John M. Logsdon Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs, George Washington University Asif Siddiqi Assistant Professor of History, Fordham University. Edward Crawley Profe...

    published: 11 May 2022
2009 in spaceflight | Wikipedia audio article
16:52

2009 in spaceflight | Wikipedia audio article

  • Order:
  • Duration: 16:52
  • Uploaded Date: 26 Dec 2018
  • views: 4
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_spaceflight 00:00:37 1 Overview 00:03:05 2 Space exploration 00:06:28 3 Manned spaceflight 00:08:36 4 Launch failures 00:10:38 5 Summary of launches 00:12:05 5.1 By country 00:14:49 6 List of launches 00:14:58 6.1 January 00:15:16 6.2 February 00:15:25 6.3 March 00:15:35 6.4 April 00:15:43 6.5 May 00:15:51 6.6 June 00:15:59 6.7 July 00:16:07 6.8 August 00:16:15 6.9 September 00:16:24 6.10 October 00:16:32 6.11 November Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Several significant events in spaceflight occurred in 2009, including Iran conducting its first indigenous orbital launch, the first Swiss satellite being launched and New Zealand launching its first sounding rocket. The H-IIB and Naro-1 rockets conducted maiden flights, whilst the Tsyklon-3, Falcon 1 and Ariane 5GS were retired from service. The permanent crew of the International Space Station increased from three to six in May, and in the last few months of the year, Japan's first resupply mission to the outpost, HTV-1, was conducted successfully.
https://wn.com/2009_In_Spaceflight_|_Wikipedia_Audio_Article
Space & Spaceflight 2009
2:35

Space & Spaceflight 2009

  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:35
  • Uploaded Date: 22 Sep 2009
  • views: 714
Showreel of space and spaceflight clips from the Science Photo Library. For best results, please watch in HD. http://www.sciencephoto.com/motion
https://wn.com/Space_Spaceflight_2009
Dean Acosta, 2009 Chairman, STS-129 Spaceflight Now interview
8:46

Dean Acosta, 2009 Chairman, STS-129 Spaceflight Now interview

  • Order:
  • Duration: 8:46
  • Uploaded Date: 04 Dec 2009
  • views: 105
Interview with Dean Acosta, 2009 Chairman of the Coalition for Space Exploration, speaking with Spaceflight Now during the STS-129 Launch
https://wn.com/Dean_Acosta,_2009_Chairman,_Sts_129_Spaceflight_Now_Interview
Commercial Spaceflight is ready
0:43

Commercial Spaceflight is ready

  • Order:
  • Duration: 0:43
  • Uploaded Date: 16 Oct 2009
  • views: 217
Although the Commercial Spaceflight industry has had a rocky start, right now hardware is being built, vehicles are being tested, and very soon we'll see the next major revolution, when we have a Commercial Spaceflight Netscape moment. Its time for NASA to utilize and Encourage the Commercial Spaceflight industry
https://wn.com/Commercial_Spaceflight_Is_Ready
NASA Ponders the Future of Manned Spaceflight
4:39

NASA Ponders the Future of Manned Spaceflight

  • Order:
  • Duration: 4:39
  • Uploaded Date: 17 Aug 2009
  • views: 1613
Forty years after man landed on the moon, NASA plans to retire the Space Shuttle in 2010. It will be five years before NASA has a vehicle ready to carry astronauts back into space, which has some concerned about the future of the space program. Kane Farabaugh sat down with Apollo astronaut Jim Lovell to discuss what is in store for space exploration. When astronaut Jim Lovell aimed for the moon during the Gemini and Apollo missions, he says there was a sense of excitement and adventure shared by people around the world. He served as Neil Armstrong's backup during the Apollo 11 lunar landings, and watched the dramatic event unfold from NASA's mission control center in Houston Texas. Jim Lowell preparing for an Apollo mission Jim Lovell preparing for an Apollo mission "After the flight, I had made a trip overseas to Europe, and was really pleasantly surprised that almost all the Europeans were absolutely enthusiastic about what we had accomplished, perhaps just as much so as the Americans were," he said. Lovell, who once held the record for most hours in space, never landed on the moon. As commander of Apollo 13, slated to be the third moon landing in 1970, Lovell successfully led fellow astronauts Fred Haise and Jack Swigert back to Earth after a catastrophic explosion crippled their spacecraft. Now, 40 years after man landed on the moon, and 39 years after Lovell returned to Earth, NASA plans to retire the Space Shuttle in 2010. It is the only vehicle NASA has to carry astronauts into space, and Lovell is concerned about the future of the space program. "There's going to be a five year hiatus between getting some other new vehicle to go up to the space station before we could have something to go," he added. "Nothing is going to be there except the Russian Soyuz, a vehicle that was developed years and years ago." At the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama in late July, NASA held meetings with an independent review panel commissioned by President Barack Obama to evaluate the future of manned space flight. Part of the meeting focused on the next generation spacecraft that would replace the Space Shuttle Orbiter. NASA is developing the Constellation program, a beefed-up Apollo-like initiative. It uses a rocket, called Ares, to put a single-use spacecraft, called the Orion, into orbit, and eventually back to the moon. Steve Lindsay Steve Lindsay Steve Lindsay, chief of the Astronaut Office at NASA's Johnson Space Center, says one of the main drives behind the new vehicle is to reduce the risk with spaceflight. "We know that in the future we're going to take a lot of risks," he noted. "We know in the present we're going to take a lot of risks. We know even with an order of magnitude of improvement, we are still going to take a lot of risks. But, we think a risk should be commensurate with our level of experience. We're willing to take those risks. We accept that as our job and we're proud to do that as our job." Another option favored by the presidential panel is extending the life of the Space Shuttle through 2014, keeping it flying missions until a new spacecraft is ready for flight. The panel is also reviewing an extension to the proposed life of the International Space Station, currently scheduled to end its mission by 2015. The Obama administration is concerned about the program's price increases. Public support for funding the space program has waned in recent years. Now, in the midst of a deep recession, lawmakers are looking to trim expenses and NASA is struggling to keep funding intact. Jim Lowell in 2009 Jim Lovell in 2009 But Lovell sees an opportunity for economic recovery by increasing funding to the space program. "One part of the stimulus could be the space program," he said. "First of all it's a creative program, it creates taxes individual and corporate taxes, all the money is spent here on Earth, not one cent up there in space. It brings technology that spills over to the private sector. That's what happened all through Gemini and Apollo and the private sector now is affected by computer technology and electronic components that were speeded up by our being in space, and that could continue." Lovell sees a renewed interest in space sparked by China's Lunar Exploration Program. He says the only successful path to an eventual manned mission to Mars is a shared vision and cooperation among all countries interested in venturing farther into the universe.
https://wn.com/Nasa_Ponders_The_Future_Of_Manned_Spaceflight
NASA & the Commercial Spaceflight industry
0:49

NASA & the Commercial Spaceflight industry

  • Order:
  • Duration: 0:49
  • Uploaded Date: 14 Sep 2009
  • views: 1166
Let the Augustine committee know - http://www.nasa.gov/offices/hsf/contact_us/index.html Let President Obama's OSTP know - http://www.ostp.gov/cs/contact_us Let your Representative know - https://writerep.house.gov/writerep/welcome.shtml Let your Senator know - http://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm
https://wn.com/Nasa_The_Commercial_Spaceflight_Industry
Aero-TV: ISDC 2009 -- The Future Of Commercial Spaceflight
8:46

Aero-TV: ISDC 2009 -- The Future Of Commercial Spaceflight

  • Order:
  • Duration: 8:46
  • Uploaded Date: 22 Jun 2009
  • views: 2855
The Commercial Space Revolution Is Alive And Well! Just a smidgeon over five years ago, ANN was literally on the edge of history... watching the XPrize-inspired Mike Melvill head out and then return from the first successful commercial spaceflight in Burt Rutan's dreamrocket. A lot has happened since then... and a whole new industry... as well as a public perception of our future in space, has resulted. At the National Space Society's 28th annual International Space Development Conference, NSS and a very motivated group of people dedicated themselves to an in-depth look into the emerging privately funded sector of the space industry. The space industry is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. The Space Shuttle will be retired in less than two years, resulting in the loss of thousands of jobs. Although hiring by the emerging privately funded sector of aerospace may ameliorate some of this job loss, the suspension of manned spaceflight by our civil space program for at least five (5) years will nevertheless create unprecedented losses in experienced personnel who can not be replaced. This gap in both time and employment will also have a profoundly negative rippling effect, not just in the space industry, but also in peripheral and complimentary industries such as energy, life sciences, travel, education and telecommunications. The cost of accomplishing humanity's goal of exploring and understanding life beyond our atmosphere cannot be realized unless the space industry diversifies itself. The private sector has a unique ability to innovate, as it is not subject to many of the bureaucratic pitfalls that can sometimes hamper government. It can create economies of scale that make products and activities cheaper and better. By utilizing procedures and by taking paths that either do not work or do not apply in a government setting, these business-minded pathfinders can take the average citizen or company to places that heretofore were unrealistic. The bold new generation of aerospace entrepreneurs and ...
https://wn.com/Aero_Tv_Isdc_2009_The_Future_Of_Commercial_Spaceflight
Cambridge Uni SpaceFlight launch / June 2009
3:25

Cambridge Uni SpaceFlight launch / June 2009

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  • Uploaded Date: 10 Jun 2009
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CUSpaceflight launch of stratospheric experiments in their outreach competition took place at Churchill college sports grounds on June 10th 2009. It was a typical english day, dark skies and plenty of rain. Unfortunately the winds carried our experiments into the sea and this gives us the opportunity for another launch a little later into the summer.
https://wn.com/Cambridge_Uni_Spaceflight_Launch_June_2009
WATCH LIVE: NASA gives update on Crew 9 mission
55:28

WATCH LIVE: NASA gives update on Crew 9 mission

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WATCH LIVE: NASA gives update on Crew 9 mission
https://wn.com/Watch_Live_Nasa_Gives_Update_On_Crew_9_Mission
The Future of Human Spaceflight, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 11, 2009
1:51:59

The Future of Human Spaceflight, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, December 11, 2009

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On December 11, 2009, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology hosted a panel titled, "The Future of Human Spaceflight." The panel discussed the Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee (commonly known as the Augustine Committee) report released in October 2009. The report became the foundation for the Obama administration's space policy reflected in their Fiscal Year 2011 proposed budget. Panelists included: David A. Mindell (Moderator) Professor in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society, MIT Norman Augustine Chairman, Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee John M. Logsdon Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs, George Washington University Asif Siddiqi Assistant Professor of History, Fordham University. Edward Crawley Professor, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT; Augustine Committee Member A press release announcing the event is at https://news.mit.edu/2009/nasa-committee-chairman-augustine-to-discuss-future-of-human-spaceflight-report The original video is at https://techtv.mit.edu/videos/4840.
https://wn.com/The_Future_Of_Human_Spaceflight,_Massachusetts_Institute_Of_Technology,_December_11,_2009
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2009 in spaceflight | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_spaceflight 00:00:37 1 Overview 00:03:05 2 Space exploration 00:06:28 3 Manned spaceflight 00:08:36 4 Launch failures 00:10:38 5 Summary of launches 00:12:05 5.1 By country 00:14:49 6 List of launches 00:14:58 6.1 January 00:15:16 6.2 February 00:15:25 6.3 March 00:15:35 6.4 April 00:15:43 6.5 May 00:15:51 6.6 June 00:15:59 6.7 July 00:16:07 6.8 August 00:16:15 6.9 September 00:16:24 6.10 October 00:16:32 6.11 November Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Several significant events in spaceflight occurred in 2009, including Iran conducting its first indigenous orbital launch, the first Swiss satellite being launched and New Zealand launching its first sounding rocket. The H-IIB and Naro-1 rockets conducted maiden flights, whilst the Tsyklon-3, Falcon 1 and Ariane 5GS were retired from service. The permanent crew of the International Space Station increased from three to six in May, and in the last few months of the year, Japan's first resupply mission to the outpost, HTV-1, was conducted successfully.
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2008 in spaceflight

The year 2008 contained several significant events in spaceflight, including the first flyby of Mercury by a spacecraft since 1975, the discovery of water ice on Mars by the Phoenix spacecraft, which landed in May, the first Chinese spacewalk in September, and the launch of the first Indian Lunar probe in October.

Overview

The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first recorded spaceflight launch of the year occurred on 11 January, when a Black Brant was launched on a suborbital trajectory from White Sands, with the LIDOS ultraviolet astronomy payload. This was followed by the first orbital launch of the year on 15 January, by a Sea Launch Zenit-3SL, with the Thuraya 3 communications satellite. The launch marked the return to flight for Sea Launch following the explosion of a Zenit-3SL on the launch pad the previous January during an attempt to launch the NSS-8 satellite.

Five carrier rockets made their maiden flights in 2008; the Ariane 5ES, Long March 3C, Zenit-3SLB, PSLV-XL, and the operational version of the Falcon 1, with an uprated Merlin-1C engine. These were all derived from existing systems. The Blue Sparrow and Sejjil missiles also conducted their maiden flights, and the ATK Launch Vehicle made its only flight, but was destroyed by range safety after it went off course. In November, the baseline Proton-M was retired in favour of the Enhanced variant, first launched in 2007.

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