A referee is the person of authority in a variety of sports who is responsible for presiding over the game from a neutral point of view and making on-the-fly decisions that enforce the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection. The official tasked with this job may be known, in addition to referee, by a variety of other titles as well (often depending on the sport), including umpire, judge, arbiter, arbitrator, linesman, commissaire, timekeeper, touch judge or Technical Official (by the International Olympic Committee).
Origin
The term referee originated in association football. Originally the team captains would consult with each other in order to resolve any dispute on the pitch. Eventually this role was delegated to an umpire. Each team would bring their own partisan umpire allowing the team captains to concentrate on the game. Later, the referee, a third "neutral" official was added, this referee would be "referred to" if the umpires could not resolve a dispute. The referee did not take his place on the pitch until 1891, when the umpires became linesmen (now assistant referees). Today, in many amateur football matches, each side will still supply their own partisan assistant referees (still commonly called club linesmen) to assist the neutral referee appointed by the governing football association if one or both assistant referees are not provided. In this case, the role of the linesmen is limited to indicating out of play and cannot decide off side.
In tennis, an official is a person who ensures that a match or tournament is conducted according to the International Tennis Federation Rules of Tennis and other competition regulations.
At the highest levels of the sport, a team of up to eleven officials may be on court at any given time. These officials are broken up into categories based on their responsibility during the match. Contrastingly, many tennis matches are conducted with no officials present directly on court.
Certification
Tennis officials are certified by their respective national association. The ITF also certifies officials in the categories of chair umpire, referee and chief umpire. Each ITF certification or "badge" is broken into five certification levels. The first, green badge, is considered sufficient for officiating at the highest levels of tennis within the official's own nation and is not divided into categories (and is primarily used in Spanish- and French-speaking areas, where a national organization may not be present). The second, the white badge, is divided into the three categories (chair, chief, and referee) but remains only a national certification. The following three, bronze (chair umpire only), silver, and gold badge, are considered international certifications. These international officials are those seen at the highest levels of play like the Grand Slams, ATP and WTA Tours, and the Fed and Davis Cups.
In Charles M. Schulz's comic stripPeanuts, Snoopy was often stated to have seven siblings. Five appeared at various times in the strip: four brothers, Andy, Marbles, Olaf, and Spike; and one sister, Belle. The two others were never mentioned by name in the comic strip. According to the 1991 TV specialSnoopy's Reunion, their names are Molly and Rover; however, their appearance is not considered canonical in the comic strip. In the June 6, 1959 comic strip, following the birth of Charlie Brown's sister Sally, Snoopy remarks that he has no brothers or sisters, and is an "only dog." However, in a March 18, 1971 strip, Snoopy writes in his autobiography: "I was born one bright Spring morning at the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm. I was one of eight puppies."
Their mother is called Missy, but has appeared only once in Peanuts, on July 26, 1996. A t-shirt that was sold for several years at Target and other stores shows Spike, Andy, Snoopy, Marbles and Olaf in a parody of the famous dogs playing poker print, despite much advertising copy which misidentified the characters.
The Disney studio made their first attempts to adapt Hans Christian Andersen's fairytale, The Snow Queen, as early as 1943, when Walt Disney considered the possibility of producing a biography film of the author. However, the story and the characters proved to be too symbolic and posed unsolvable problems to Disney and his animators. Later on, other Disney executives had made efforts to translate this material to the big screen, however these proposals were all shelved due to similar issues.
In 2008, Chris Buck pitched Disney his version of the story called Anna and the Snow Queen, which was planned to be traditionally animated. This version was "completely different" from Frozen; it had a storyline that stuck much closer to the original material and featured an entirely different Olaf character. However, by early 2010, the project was scrapped again. On December 22, 2011, Disney announced a new title for the film, Frozen, which would be released on November 27, 2013, and a different crew from the previous attempt. The new script, which employed "the same concept but was completely rewritten", finally solved the long-term problem with Andersen's story by depicting Anna and Elsa as sisters.
"Frozen" (also called the "Ballad of Dannie Goeb") was a political advertisement issued by incumbent David Dewhurst's campaign on YouTube during the 2014 primary runoff for Lieutenant Governor of Texas against Dan Patrick. Dewhurst, the three-term Lieutenant Governor, faced primary challenge from Tea Party favorite Dan Patrick. During the primary, Patrick triggered a runoff between Dewhurst and him by only capturing 41% of the vote.
"Frozen" consisted of an edited version of Patrick, dressed like Elsa, singing a parody of "Let It Go". The lyrics to the parody claim that Patrick changed his name to avoid past debits. Dan Patrick's campaign denied the allegations and release its own Frozen themed advertisement called DewFeed. DewFeed consisted of a webpage with GIFs from Frozen with captions extolling Patrick's conservative virtues and attacking Dewhurst.
FROZEN | Let It Go Sing-along | Official Disney UK
Sing-along with Idina Menzel in this full sequence from Disney's Frozen.
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Walt Disney Animation Studios, the studio behind "Tangled" and "Wreck-It Ralph," presents "Frozen," a stunning big-screen comedy adventure. Fearless optimist Anna (voice of Kristen Bell) sets off on an epic journey—teaming up with rugged mountain man Kristoff (voice of Jonathan Groff) and his loyal reindeer Sven—to find her sister Elsa (voice of Idina Menzel), whose icy powers have trapped the kingdom of Arendelle in eternal winter. Encountering Everest-like conditions, mystical trolls and a hilarious snowman named Olaf, Anna and Kristoff ...
published: 30 Jan 2014
FROZEN 2 | 2019 New Trailer | Official Disney UK
Watch the new trailer from Disney's “Frozen 2.”
From the Academy Award®-winning team—directors Jennifer Lee and Chris Buck, and producer Peter Del Vecho—and featuring the voices of Idina Menzel, Kristen Bell, Jonathan Groff and Josh Gad, and the music of Oscar®-winning songwriters Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez, Walt Disney Animation Studios’ “Frozen 2” opens in UK cinemas this November.
Subscribe to Disney UK for new Disney videos! ► http://dis.ne/subscribe-to-disney
Follow @Disney_UK on Twitter ► https://twitter.com/Disney_UK
Like our official Facebook page ► https://www.facebook.com/DisneyUK
Follow @DisneyUK on Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/disneyuk
The Disney UK YouTube channel brings you a wealth of official video content from all the Disney movies and charac...
Sing-along with Idina Menzel in this full sequence from Disney's Frozen.
Subscribe to Disney UK: http://bit.ly/subscribe-to-disney
Follow us on Twitter: http...
Sing-along with Idina Menzel in this full sequence from Disney's Frozen.
Subscribe to Disney UK: http://bit.ly/subscribe-to-disney
Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Disney_UK
Like our official Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/DisneyUK
Walt Disney Animation Studios, the studio behind "Tangled" and "Wreck-It Ralph," presents "Frozen," a stunning big-screen comedy adventure. Fearless optimist Anna (voice of Kristen Bell) sets off on an epic journey—teaming up with rugged mountain man Kristoff (voice of Jonathan Groff) and his loyal reindeer Sven—to find her sister Elsa (voice of Idina Menzel), whose icy powers have trapped the kingdom of Arendelle in eternal winter. Encountering Everest-like conditions, mystical trolls and a hilarious snowman named Olaf, Anna and Kristoff battle the elements in a race to save the kingdom.
The film is directed by Chris Buck ("Tarzan," "Surf's Up") and Jennifer Lee (screenwriter, "Wreck-It Ralph"), and produced by Peter Del Vecho ("Winnie the Pooh," "The Princess and the Frog"). Featuring music from Tony® winner Robert Lopez ("The Book of Mormon," "Avenue Q") and Kristen Anderson-Lopez ("In Transit"),
Disney's "Frozen" has been named best animated film by more than a dozen critics associations, has received two Oscars® for best animated feature and best original song ("Let It Go"), a BAFTA® for Best Animated Film, a Golden Globe® for best animated feature, two Critics Choice Movie Awards, and a Producers Guild of America Award for outstanding animated feature.
"Frozen" features eight original songs from songwriting duo Kristen and Robert Lopez ("The Book of Mormon," "Avenue Q"), including the gripping "Let It Go," performed by Broadway star Idina Menzel.
Buy the soundtrack here:
Amazon - http://po.st/JYuVWf
iTunes - http://po.st/GtBFzg
Frozen is available on Digital HD & 3D and Blu-ray, DVD & On-Demand in the UK with never-before-seen bonus extras to complement the film's gorgeous animation, memorable characters and unforgettable music.
The Disney UK YouTube channel brings you a wealth of official video content from all the Disney movies and characters you know and love. Do you want to learn more about your favourite Disney and Pixar movies? Subscribe to our channel to watch the latest trailers and clips, you'll be the first to see features for current and upcoming Walt Disney Studios Films and even get to watch exclusive interviews with the stars. Dig into our back catalogue for great Disney videos from classic animations through to modern day Disney & Pixar classics such as Frozen and Inside Out.
Sing-along with Idina Menzel in this full sequence from Disney's Frozen.
Subscribe to Disney UK: http://bit.ly/subscribe-to-disney
Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Disney_UK
Like our official Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/DisneyUK
Walt Disney Animation Studios, the studio behind "Tangled" and "Wreck-It Ralph," presents "Frozen," a stunning big-screen comedy adventure. Fearless optimist Anna (voice of Kristen Bell) sets off on an epic journey—teaming up with rugged mountain man Kristoff (voice of Jonathan Groff) and his loyal reindeer Sven—to find her sister Elsa (voice of Idina Menzel), whose icy powers have trapped the kingdom of Arendelle in eternal winter. Encountering Everest-like conditions, mystical trolls and a hilarious snowman named Olaf, Anna and Kristoff battle the elements in a race to save the kingdom.
The film is directed by Chris Buck ("Tarzan," "Surf's Up") and Jennifer Lee (screenwriter, "Wreck-It Ralph"), and produced by Peter Del Vecho ("Winnie the Pooh," "The Princess and the Frog"). Featuring music from Tony® winner Robert Lopez ("The Book of Mormon," "Avenue Q") and Kristen Anderson-Lopez ("In Transit"),
Disney's "Frozen" has been named best animated film by more than a dozen critics associations, has received two Oscars® for best animated feature and best original song ("Let It Go"), a BAFTA® for Best Animated Film, a Golden Globe® for best animated feature, two Critics Choice Movie Awards, and a Producers Guild of America Award for outstanding animated feature.
"Frozen" features eight original songs from songwriting duo Kristen and Robert Lopez ("The Book of Mormon," "Avenue Q"), including the gripping "Let It Go," performed by Broadway star Idina Menzel.
Buy the soundtrack here:
Amazon - http://po.st/JYuVWf
iTunes - http://po.st/GtBFzg
Frozen is available on Digital HD & 3D and Blu-ray, DVD & On-Demand in the UK with never-before-seen bonus extras to complement the film's gorgeous animation, memorable characters and unforgettable music.
The Disney UK YouTube channel brings you a wealth of official video content from all the Disney movies and characters you know and love. Do you want to learn more about your favourite Disney and Pixar movies? Subscribe to our channel to watch the latest trailers and clips, you'll be the first to see features for current and upcoming Walt Disney Studios Films and even get to watch exclusive interviews with the stars. Dig into our back catalogue for great Disney videos from classic animations through to modern day Disney & Pixar classics such as Frozen and Inside Out.
Watch the new trailer from Disney's “Frozen 2.”
From the Academy Award®-winning team—directors Jennifer Lee and Chris Buck, and producer Peter Del Vecho—and fe...
Watch the new trailer from Disney's “Frozen 2.”
From the Academy Award®-winning team—directors Jennifer Lee and Chris Buck, and producer Peter Del Vecho—and featuring the voices of Idina Menzel, Kristen Bell, Jonathan Groff and Josh Gad, and the music of Oscar®-winning songwriters Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez, Walt Disney Animation Studios’ “Frozen 2” opens in UK cinemas this November.
Subscribe to Disney UK for new Disney videos! ► http://dis.ne/subscribe-to-disney
Follow @Disney_UK on Twitter ► https://twitter.com/Disney_UK
Like our official Facebook page ► https://www.facebook.com/DisneyUK
Follow @DisneyUK on Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/disneyuk
The Disney UK YouTube channel brings you a wealth of official video content from all the Disney movies and characters you know and love. Do you want to learn more about your favourite Disney and Pixar movies? Subscribe to our channel to watch the latest trailers and clips, you'll be the first to see features for current and upcoming Walt Disney Studios Films and even get to watch exclusive interviews with the stars. Dig into our back catalogue for great Disney videos from classic animations through to modern day Disney & Pixar classics such as Frozen and Inside Out.
Watch the new trailer from Disney's “Frozen 2.”
From the Academy Award®-winning team—directors Jennifer Lee and Chris Buck, and producer Peter Del Vecho—and featuring the voices of Idina Menzel, Kristen Bell, Jonathan Groff and Josh Gad, and the music of Oscar®-winning songwriters Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez, Walt Disney Animation Studios’ “Frozen 2” opens in UK cinemas this November.
Subscribe to Disney UK for new Disney videos! ► http://dis.ne/subscribe-to-disney
Follow @Disney_UK on Twitter ► https://twitter.com/Disney_UK
Like our official Facebook page ► https://www.facebook.com/DisneyUK
Follow @DisneyUK on Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/disneyuk
The Disney UK YouTube channel brings you a wealth of official video content from all the Disney movies and characters you know and love. Do you want to learn more about your favourite Disney and Pixar movies? Subscribe to our channel to watch the latest trailers and clips, you'll be the first to see features for current and upcoming Walt Disney Studios Films and even get to watch exclusive interviews with the stars. Dig into our back catalogue for great Disney videos from classic animations through to modern day Disney & Pixar classics such as Frozen and Inside Out.
Sing-along with Idina Menzel in this full sequence from Disney's Frozen.
Subscribe to Disney UK: http://bit.ly/subscribe-to-disney
Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Disney_UK
Like our official Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/DisneyUK
Walt Disney Animation Studios, the studio behind "Tangled" and "Wreck-It Ralph," presents "Frozen," a stunning big-screen comedy adventure. Fearless optimist Anna (voice of Kristen Bell) sets off on an epic journey—teaming up with rugged mountain man Kristoff (voice of Jonathan Groff) and his loyal reindeer Sven—to find her sister Elsa (voice of Idina Menzel), whose icy powers have trapped the kingdom of Arendelle in eternal winter. Encountering Everest-like conditions, mystical trolls and a hilarious snowman named Olaf, Anna and Kristoff battle the elements in a race to save the kingdom.
The film is directed by Chris Buck ("Tarzan," "Surf's Up") and Jennifer Lee (screenwriter, "Wreck-It Ralph"), and produced by Peter Del Vecho ("Winnie the Pooh," "The Princess and the Frog"). Featuring music from Tony® winner Robert Lopez ("The Book of Mormon," "Avenue Q") and Kristen Anderson-Lopez ("In Transit"),
Disney's "Frozen" has been named best animated film by more than a dozen critics associations, has received two Oscars® for best animated feature and best original song ("Let It Go"), a BAFTA® for Best Animated Film, a Golden Globe® for best animated feature, two Critics Choice Movie Awards, and a Producers Guild of America Award for outstanding animated feature.
"Frozen" features eight original songs from songwriting duo Kristen and Robert Lopez ("The Book of Mormon," "Avenue Q"), including the gripping "Let It Go," performed by Broadway star Idina Menzel.
Buy the soundtrack here:
Amazon - http://po.st/JYuVWf
iTunes - http://po.st/GtBFzg
Frozen is available on Digital HD & 3D and Blu-ray, DVD & On-Demand in the UK with never-before-seen bonus extras to complement the film's gorgeous animation, memorable characters and unforgettable music.
The Disney UK YouTube channel brings you a wealth of official video content from all the Disney movies and characters you know and love. Do you want to learn more about your favourite Disney and Pixar movies? Subscribe to our channel to watch the latest trailers and clips, you'll be the first to see features for current and upcoming Walt Disney Studios Films and even get to watch exclusive interviews with the stars. Dig into our back catalogue for great Disney videos from classic animations through to modern day Disney & Pixar classics such as Frozen and Inside Out.
Watch the new trailer from Disney's “Frozen 2.”
From the Academy Award®-winning team—directors Jennifer Lee and Chris Buck, and producer Peter Del Vecho—and featuring the voices of Idina Menzel, Kristen Bell, Jonathan Groff and Josh Gad, and the music of Oscar®-winning songwriters Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez, Walt Disney Animation Studios’ “Frozen 2” opens in UK cinemas this November.
Subscribe to Disney UK for new Disney videos! ► http://dis.ne/subscribe-to-disney
Follow @Disney_UK on Twitter ► https://twitter.com/Disney_UK
Like our official Facebook page ► https://www.facebook.com/DisneyUK
Follow @DisneyUK on Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/disneyuk
The Disney UK YouTube channel brings you a wealth of official video content from all the Disney movies and characters you know and love. Do you want to learn more about your favourite Disney and Pixar movies? Subscribe to our channel to watch the latest trailers and clips, you'll be the first to see features for current and upcoming Walt Disney Studios Films and even get to watch exclusive interviews with the stars. Dig into our back catalogue for great Disney videos from classic animations through to modern day Disney & Pixar classics such as Frozen and Inside Out.
If I promise to settle down with you forever by my side Oh will you keep the peace, oh lord knows I have tried, lord know I have tried I live for your kind words there the cool (cruel?) words that I've heard I live for your quite embrace we have years yet left to waste The more time we spend alone the happier I am I place my trust in fool lord will I never learn, lord will I never learn The summer it is near, it's time that we all left behind Unlocked to say a word and we'll do the best we can, we